Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

THE EFFECTS OF BALCONIES ON THE NATURAL VENTILATION PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-VENTILATED HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

Natural ventilation performance can be influenced by various factors,including facade treatments such as balconies.Balconies have been commonly incorporated into residential buildings for various purposes,yet the provision of a balcony as a passive design strategy to improve natural ventilation is not one of its common purposes.The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of balcony design on the natural ventilation performance of cross-ventilated high-rise apartments.This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)models to predict ventilation performance.CFD models are selected because of their accuracy,flexibility and ability to provide comprehensive data for the investigation.This study suggests that balconies in high-rise apartments could improve the ventilation performance of high-rise apartments,but that balconies can also have a negative impact on ventilation performance if not appropriately designed.Finally,this study suggests that balconies could improve the level of thermal comfort and indoor air quality of apartments by providing greater indoor air speed and better ventilation performance,respectively.

The mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system in high-rise residential buildings considering the Influence of Stack effect

In high-rise buildings with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference,neglecting the effect of stack effect in smoke exhaust shafts may cause calculation error of the fluid network model.In this paper,the mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system considering the influence of stack effect was put forward and it can be inserted different range hood sub-models.Compared with the results of six working conditions of the model without considering the stack effect,the error of the proposed model were reduced by 7.6%,4.3%,4.1%,2.8%,2.4%,and 2.1%.While the indoor and outdoor temperature difference varies from−5℃ to 49℃,the effect of stack effect on the pressure in the flue and the flow rate for each user was studied for six operating rates s.The results show that under the combined effect of stack effect and flue resistance,the static pressure of the kitchen smoke exhaust system showed a low-high-low distribution,and the maximum static pressure in the flue moved toward the bottom with the increase of temperature difference.User flow rates exhibit a low-high-low-high distribution,with an increased flow rate in the bottom users and the largest flow rate in the top users.

Impact of window and air-conditioner operation behaviour on cooling load in high-rise residential buildings

Space cooling is an important building energy end-use that was found in recent years to be significantly impacted by occupant behaviours.However,the majority of previous studies ignored the interplay between the operation of windows and air conditioners(ACs)on cooling load,particularly in building energy modelling.In addition,studies on the analysis of cooling load characteristics regarding high-rise buildings are insufficient.The vertical effect of high-rise buildings on cooling load remains vague.This study thus aims to examine how window and AC operation behaviours impact the cooling load of high-rise buildings in an urban context demonstrated by a real-life typical 40-floor residential building in Hong Kong.This study investigates window and AC operation behaviours jointly and examines the vertical effect on cooling load by using agent-based building energy modelling(BEM)techniques and initiating stochastic and diverse behaviour modes.A carefully designed questionnaire survey was conducted to help build behaviour modes and validate energy models.Ninety building energy models were established integrating meteorological parameters generated by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)programme for ten typical floors and nine combinations of window and AC behaviour modes.The results show that comfort-based AC modes and schedule-based window modes yielded the lowest cooling load.Considering the combined effect of AC and window uses,the maximum difference in cooling loads could be 26.8%.Behaviour modes and building height induce up to 32.4%differences in cooling loads.Besides,a deviation between the behaviour modes and height on the cooling load was found.The findings will help develop a thorough energy model inferring occupants’window and AC behaviour modes along with the building height in high-rise residential buildings.The findings indicate that the interaction impact of window and AC behaviour modes and height should be jointly considered in future high-rise building energy modelling,building energy standards,and policymaking.

Resident's Floor Level Preference in High-Rise Residential Buildings in China:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province

With the constant advance of global urbanization and aggravation of urban construction land scarcity,high-rise residential buildings have become one of the main carriers of urban residential function on account of both land saving and large housing requirement.However,relevant studies on consumers' floor selection preference in high-rise residential buildings,regarding what inherent and regular features and causes it has,are still insufficient,despite that related issues have important practical significance for real estate developers and designers' decision making in terms of dwelling size ratio,floor area,indoor layout,and so on.This study,based on systematic examination of existing domestic and international researches,seeks to make empirical tests and generalization on the above issues from the aspect of "utility function"(safety,comfortableness,accessibility and economic efficiency) of the living environment that impacted by different floor levels,and floor selection features regarding consumers' social and family structure attributes,as well as the intrinsic correlation between them.The results show the existence of floor level preference in high-rise residential buildings.Its essence is a personalized characterization of consumers' social and family structures' attributes in selecting the "utility function" of the living environment,as the preference value differs under various attributes including gender,age,income,family members and others.

疗愈视角下的住宅阳台环境研究评述与展望

【目的】住宅阳台作为重要的家庭生活空间,其环境的疗愈性逐渐成为人居环境领域研究的新议题,明确疗愈视角下住宅阳台环境研究的进展和发展趋势,形成系统性认知,对提升居住环境品质、增进健康福祉具有重要的理论和现实意义。【方法】以阳台疗愈环境研究为视角,以Web of Science核心合集、中国知网数据库为依据,对国内外相关的研究脉络、内容及方法进行梳理和分析,评述当前研究的现状、趋势、局限与不足。【结果】阳台疗愈环境研究可以分为“环境—感知”“环境—行为”“环境—生态”3个方面,经历了由物理环境效应到感知恢复,再到身心疗愈的渐进式过程。总结了阳台环境在感知、行为、生态方面的疗愈效益,评述了身心融合、多元统一的研究历程和新兴技术支持下研究范式的转变,展望了人与环境交互的阳台环境效益与因果关系、影响要素与疗愈机制、空间配置与综合利用的研究方向。【结论】有助于推动阳台研究的深化,为住宅阳台环境设计与优化提供理论依据,促进阳台的多样化利用,提升居民的健康福祉。

老旧小区阳台雨污水管道混接及立管改造分析与探讨

对老旧小区改造过程中阳台雨污水管道混接成因分析进行了研究,分析了阳台雨污水管道改造实施过程的重难点现状,调查了市面上常用的改造方法,结合设计经验提出了立管改造的优化措施,阐述了新工艺设备的具体应用,提供了阳台雨污水管道混接有效的解决方案。

住宅绿化阳台设计与应用研究——以五象新区为例

绿化阳台承载着人与自然、人与建筑的融合。绿化阳台在住宅中的应用旨在将绿色发展理念融入生活,促进营造绿色生态人居环境。以五象新区为例,分析该区住宅绿化阳台现存问题,提出优化政策、回归人居生活本质、加强施工过程管控及制定验收交付标准、提高住户认知度等解决策略,促进绿化阳台向更具时代性、实用性的空中绿化空间转变,以期为同类型住宅绿化阳台设计提供参考。

基于无人机倾斜摄影的嘉兴老城区住宅识别

为了应对老城区房屋数据信息不足、获取不便的问题,提出利用无人机(UAV)倾斜摄影测量技术实现老城区住宅自动识别的方法.根据老城区典型多层住宅的外立面特征,确定出阳台构造、立面朝向和房屋长宽比3个参数控制的住宅判别标准.通过无人机摄影测量获取嘉兴研究区的密集匹配点云、数字正射影像(DOM)和数字表面模型(DSM)数据.融合DOM及DSM数据提取单体建筑轮廓,分割出单体房屋点云.基于RANSAC算法提取房屋立面点云并确定立面朝向,根据立面的点云空间分布判断立面长度及阳台构造.试验表明,在研究区应用该方法识别典型住宅的准确率可以达到90%.

交流输电线路附近民房曝露处工频电场计算

电网大规模发展使得输电线路邻近民房不可避免,公众对输电线路工频电场及其效应的关注和投诉已成为不容忽视的问题。在环保管理日益严格的形势下,研究交流输电线路附近民房曝露处工频电场分布规律,为线路设计和环境影响评价提供技术依据。首先用理论公式分析了民房电导率和电容率对工频电场的影响,然后用ANSYS软件建立了交流输电线路邻近民房时的工频电场三维计算的精确模型;在试验线段附近搭建了模拟民房,对其工频电场进行了模拟测试和计算。结果表明在计算交流输电线路附近民房周围的工频电场时,可采用静电场的方法建立模型,近似认为民房为理想导体,民房模型的电位为零;利用有限元方法精确建立交流输电线路附近民房模型进行三维工频电场的计算,与实际测量结果误差较小,可运用于实际工程中。

基于模拟室内光热环境的住宅阳台设计分析

为了能够在住宅建筑的设计阶段了解阳台设计方案对于室内物理环境的影响,利用ECOTECT软件对住宅建筑内部空间进行了照度和热环境模拟,对比分析了不同阳台设计方案下,室内采光系数、室内24 h逐时温度变化和室内24 h逐时得失热量变化。结果表明,利用ECOTECT软件可以直观地模拟多种阳台形式对于室内光热环境的影响,能够为阳台方案的选择提供参考。

我国北方居住建筑阳台形态优化及节能设计研究——以天津市为例

探讨了我国北方居住建筑阳台发展的趋势。利用EnergyPlus软件模拟分析天津市居住建筑阳台能耗。为降低建筑能耗、获得最舒适的室内热环境,分别从阳台进深、分隔方式和平面形式三方面改进阳台的形态设计。最后以降低建筑能耗、节约自然资源为目的,提出我国北方居住建筑阳台优化设计方案。

多层住宅建筑的气候缓冲空间体系

阐述了建筑气候缓冲空间的基本概念及其基于太阳能的气候缓冲空间和基于自然通风的气候缓冲空间的技术基础,探讨了夏热冬冷地区多层住宅建筑的封闭阳台、坡屋顶和竖向管井作为气候缓冲空间的基本设计方法,提出两种住宅建筑气候缓冲空间体系:串联式气候缓冲空间体系和并联式气候缓冲空间体系.

住宅建筑中南向开敞阳台的节能设计研究

南向开敞阳台是住宅建筑外表皮上典型的开口部位,对建筑能耗及室内热环境有很大影响。通过对南向开敞阳台优缺点的分析,指出了南向开敞阳台的生态品质及意义,并提出了南向开敞阳台的节能设计要点及技术策略。

虹桥机场周边某既有住宅阳台改造加固的ANSYS有限元分析及荷载试验验证

虹桥机场周边既有住宅因降噪隔声要求需对阳台进行改造,设计方案保留原阳台板、新增钢筋混凝土阳台围护薄腹梁,薄腹梁与墙交接处设置混凝土柱。为确保房屋结构安全,按改造方案对改造后阳台采用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析计算,分析加固设计的安全性。改造加固实施完成后,采用加载试验进行了实测验证,并将实测结果与计算结果进行对比分析,两者比较吻合。

高层住宅阳台式平板集热器性能测试研究

高层住宅使用阳台式太阳能热水系统,可以有效地解决在屋顶安装集中式太阳能热水系统面积不足的问题,如果将高层住宅的屋顶与阳台一起考虑安装太阳能热水系统,至少可以满足24层及以下高层住宅的太阳能热水供应。分别测试了平板集热器大倾角安装与近纬度角安装的集热性能,测试数据表明,要提高阳台式平板集热器的效率,需要建筑设计的配合,使其尽量以与当地纬度相同或接近的倾角安装。

阳台式太阳能热水器在广西地区安装倾角及受热分析

通过太阳高度角,光学定律和几何知识,推导出太阳能集热器安装倾角和太阳高度角的关系,结合广西地理纬度和高层建筑特点,选择集热器安装合适倾角。并对该倾角的集热器面上太阳辐射量进行分析。

基于市场调研的住宅阳台家具优化设计研究

通过走访相关住宅阳台家具企业的实地调研,及线上和线下发放问卷的用户数据调研等形式,对当前住宅阳台家具市场、产品现状及消费者需求等进行分析研究,探究现代住宅阳台家具优化设计要点。在此基础上,从功能化设计、系统性配置及合理的材料选择三方面着手,系统地进行住宅阳台家具优化设计实践,为现代用户的住宅阳台家具系统化设计提供可行的参考方案。

北方地区居住建筑封闭阳台温差修正系数研究

介绍了现行规范中温差修正系数的选取方法,发现规范对温差修正系数的选取存在一些不足。首先通过理论分析找到影响温差修正系数的主要因素,然后采用数值计算的方法对拉萨、西宁、银川和西安4个地区封闭阳台在建筑朝向、窗墙面积比、窗户类型以及冷风渗透不同组合方案下的自然室温进行了动态计算,最后给出了4个地区在不同组合方案下的温差修正系数推荐值。