Optimization of Green Space Plant Configuration in Residential Areas of Chongqing Central Business District Based on Green Plot Ratio—A Case Study of Xuhui City Residential Community

The current urban green space construction was guided by a two-dimensional index evaluation system, resulting in weak ecological benefits of green space. Green plot ratio (GPR), as a three-dimensional indicator, can characterize the ecological benefits of green areas and the ability of green areas to participate in the operation and regulation of urban ecosystems. As an important component of urban green space, the GPR index was added to the two-dimensional index evaluation system to optimize the green space, which can promote the development of low-carbon, healthy and ecological green space. Based on the research of 22 residential districts in the central city of Chongqing, the Leaf area index (LAI) index of common native garden plants in Chongqing was formed to improve the accuracy of green capacity index measurement in Chongqing. The study also took the residential community of Sunrise City in Banan District of Chongqing as an example, and carried out the optimization design practice from four types of residential community green areas: green areas next to houses, road green areas, concentrated green areas, and green areas attached to public service facilities.

Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

Analysis of Micro Thermal Environment for Residential District Planning

This paper focused on residential district planning process.Using GIS and SketchUp software,a common digital relief map model of a residential district was created,and the air distribution(both velocity and temperature)within this residential district was established by CFD simulation.So,the velocity and temperature of the air at any location within the residential district,as well as the worse flow area and overheat area can be clearly presented.An index of micro thermal environment for the air distribution evaluation was established.Depending on a certain residential district planning model,from the air parameters of the micro environment at any location within the residential district,such as air velocity and air temperature,the index of micro thermal environment was obtained by certain principles and data processing process.By this index,the residential district planning scheme was evaluated corresponding to the thermal characteristics of the residential district.If this index is not good enough or unsatisfied,the residential district planning idea and process can be changed or improved accordingly in order to get a better thermal characteristics of the residential district judged by the established evaluation index system.

Soundscape Design of Old Urban Residential Districts

This paper introduced the concept of soundscape, investigated sound environment of old urban residential districts, and explored soundscape elements and soundscape designs. In view of current sound environment features of old urban residential districts and different population groups' preferences for different sound elements, this paper proposed soundscape design methods to improve sound environment of old urban residential districts.

IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF GREENING ON HEAT ISLAND IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS

Analyzing the thermal distribution on plane conditions objectively is difficult due to lack of enough meteorological observation stations within urban residential areas. In this paper satellite observations synchronous or quasi-synchronous with ground observations are adopted, and a teleconnection model is built between the satellite spectral and surface temperature for quantitative retrieval of temperature. Furthermore, by combining the satellite data with other multiple factors, a GIS comprehensive analysis model and a functional evaluation method for urban residential districts are established, which are used to study the relation between the air temperature and media characteristics on ground as well as the greening cooling effect in recent years in Shanghai. The results show that the air temperature in greened urban residential districts is generally lower than the average temperature and much less than the highest one. In general,the average air temperature in the greened area is at most 1.19℃ lower than the maximum temperature in the districts,which is 0.67℃ and 0.55℃ lower than that of the highest for buildings and roads respectively. The temperature is inversely proportional with greening fraction but is directly proportional with the ratio of roads and buildings. The higher the greening fraction in internal residential districts, the lower the temperature, and the higher the ratio of road and building is, the higher the temperature.

Construction Strategies of Public Activity Spaces in Residential Districts Based on Children's Activities

The relationship between children's activities and public spaces was analyzed and summarized from three perspectives, namely, children's demands on outdoor activity spaces, factors infl uencing children's behavior requirements, and planning strategies. The paper provided theoretical support for exploring the relationship between children's activities and public spaces, and proposed planning strategies for improving use effi ciency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, and creating public spaces capable of meeting children's psychological needs.

Predicting the Growth in Tree Height for Building Sunshine in Residential District

Residential greening constitutes a significant portion of the urban environment. Trees, as the largest entities in the tree-shrub-herb greening system, are the best choice for residential afforestation. Hence, tree arrangement in green space between buildings is significant, for which may exert negative impact on building sunshine. This study takes He Qingyuan residential area in Beijing as a case study to predict the growth in tree height between buildings to meet good sunshine requirements. The procedures were draw as follows: 1) models including building layout and trees were built using computer-aided design (Auto CAD). Afterwards, according to tree crown shape, tree height limits were determined for the same building layout;2) and after that, the growth in tree height was predicted using the nonlinear height-diameter functions to meet the good sunshine requirements. The results allow us to determine which trees to plant between buildings in that the designers can predict the effects of future tree growth on building sunshine.

Spatial Layout of Mountainous Elderly Residential Districts

Taking the planning of elderly building for example, this paper explored the spatial layout, entrance/exit design, road space design and landscape design of the elderly residential districts against the background of population aging and increasing demands of ecological residence. In addition, the paper tried to fully use outstanding natural environment in mountainous areas to plan the elderly community, and integrate the characteristics of mountainous community planning and elderly buildings.

Practice of Mind Mapping Technology in"Re-flipped Classroom"Teaching Mode:A Case Study of the Course Principles of Residential District Planning

The present study proposed the"re-flipped classroom"teaching mode taking the course Principles of Residential District Planning as an example.Using the Small Private Online Courses(SPOCs)and Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)of the iCourse platform,with the aid of the mind mapping technology,the complex content is visualized to the information that can be easily accepted by the brain,to improve the efficiency of thinking problems and apply theories to practical teaching.The results indicate that the teaching mode combined with mind mapping technology has strong appeal,can improve teacher-student interaction,and effectively improve the teaching effects.Finally,it came up with recommendations including attaching importance to the"re-flipped classroom"teaching mode,integrating teaching methods,and using online platform resources.It is concluded that the research of teaching mode has important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the teaching quality.

Research on the Significance and Approaches of Productive Landscape Introduced in Residential Districts

With the urbanization increasingly advancing at a high speed, a large number of farmlands have been turned into building lands, which leads the urban-rural conflicts more and more evident than before. Introducing the concept of productive landscape into residential districts, could relieve the contradiction between agricultural land and urban construction land, improve the modern lifestyle, provide a new perspective of landscape design philosophy. In this paper, based on the analysis of the present situation of residential green space, the significance and approaches of productive landscape in residential areas have been put forward, and suggestions of daily management and countermeasures about agricultural pollution problem have also been given.

Test and Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment of Urban Heating Residential Building in Hanzhong Area

By testing indoor and outdoor thermal environment of residential buildings that apply 4 mostused heating ways in Hantai District,Hanzhong City,this paper explored the indoor thermal environment conditions of different heating ways,to provide references for choosing a suitable heating way in the local area.

Matching of Residential and Commercial Space in Shrinking Cities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand:A Case Study of Yichun City,China

Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.

住宅小区理想规模的模型探究——基于共有空间社会密度的视角

住宅小区内共有空间的社会密度会对居民间的邻里交往产生显著影响。为保证住宅小区共有空间资源的数量和品质,在第Ⅲ建筑气候区条件下建立小区模型,对不同类型小区的共有空间进行分析。结果显示,随着小区内建筑平均层数的增加,户均共有空间资源的数量逐渐减少,共有空间的品质在空间尺度、围合度、私密性等维度上显著降低。基于模型研究结果和城市对土地利用的要求,进而提出住宅小区的理想规模为3~4 hm2,住宅平均层数宜为5~8层,而当确有需要建设高层住宅时,住宅平均层数也不宜超过14层。

山东临清中洲古城区传统民居屋面营造技艺

临清中洲古城区作为明清时期运河的重镇,传统民居的建造受到南北文化和区位环境等多方面因素影响,建筑的屋面特征和营造技艺独具一格。以临清中洲古城区的传统民居屋面作为研究对象,结合田野调查等方法,从当地民居整体特征入手,对古城传统民居屋面形式和构造进行系统阐述,详细分析其营造方式和特点。发现临清中洲古城区传统民居屋面的营造蕴含了南北文化特色和当地风格。通过本研究,以期为保护传承临清中洲古城区传统民居屋面营造技艺和运河文化遗产提供有益价值参考。

社区适老化改造相关研究与实践回顾和反思

本文通过对适老化改造相关文献研究的回顾,反思人们对适老化改造的认知误区,并结合我国的背景和现实情况,在前人研究的基础上,试图对适老化改造的发展方向提出一些建议。

裙楼对住宅小区室外风环境影响的数值模拟分析

为研究建筑布局对住宅小区风环境的影响,本文以珠海某住宅小区为研究对象,基于当地的气候特征,利用PHOENICS软件对有裙楼和没有裙楼两种建筑布局形式进行风环境CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟。对比分析东、南及东北偏北风背景下两种布局形式小区的通风条件和舒适度,结果表明:1)没有裙楼时,没有大面积建筑阻挡,3个风向下小区风环境均有所改善,风速不均匀性减小,通风条件好、舒适性好的区域的面积和数量均增加,小风速区的面积和数量均减少,通风廊道增加;2)无论是否有裙楼,当来流风向与建筑间的通道夹角小,建筑对风的阻挡削弱作用小,楼与楼之间更容易形成通风廊道,通风条件较好,当来流风向与建筑间的通道夹角大,建筑的阻挡作用显著,小区的风速明显减弱,且容易出现风速不均匀,通风条件较差;3)住宅小区风环境受建筑布局和风向共同影响,在规划设计时应参考当地的主导风。

乌鲁木齐市米东区农村居民点布局时空演变及影响因素研究

运用遥感影响提取2010—2020年乌鲁木齐市米东区农村居民点时空分布数据,利用Fragstats软件、GIS技术等工具研究米东区农村居民点演变特征,从自然因素分析不同坡度和高程区间范围内农村居民点的数量和面积,社会经济因素通过二元Logistics回归分析进行分析。结果表明:(1)研究区内农村居民点整体变化呈现出先减少再增加的趋势;(2)米东区农村居民点集聚发展具有不稳定性,展现出分散到聚集的状态,密度整体分布由西部地区向中部地区聚集;(3)米东区农村居民点分布的数量以及占比随着坡度和高程的增加而显著下降,农民倾向于在低坡度、低高程地区设立居民点;(4)通过二元Logistic回归分析,结果发现现有基础设施满意度等9个社会经济指标对米东区农村居民点变化产生显著影响。