Discussion on Construction Technology and Welding Deformation of High-Rise Steel Frame Structure

Because of urbanization,land resources in China’s cities has become increasingly scarce.Therefore,modern buildings are becoming taller,making high-rise steel frame structures the new favorite of the construction industry.However,the construction of high-rise steel frame structures requires advanced technology.If the construction technology is effectively implemented and the welding techniques of the construction personnel align with the requirements for high-rise steel frame structures,it can help mitigate deformations in the steel structure,thus preserving the overall construction quality of high-rise steel frame structures.To enhance the applicability of steel frame structures in high-rise buildings,this paper focuses on analyzing the optimization path for the construction process of high-rise steel frame structures.It introduces a tailored approach to control welding-induced deformations in steel frame structures,aiming to make a valuable contribution to the advancement of China’s construction industry.

长时视觉跟踪中基于双模板Siamese结构的目标漂移判定网络

在长时视觉跟踪中,大部分目标丢失判定方法需要人为确定阈值,而最优阈值的选取通常较为困难,造成长时跟踪算法的泛化能力较弱。为此,该文提出一种无需人为选取阈值的目标漂移判定网络(DNet)。该网络采用Siamese结构,利用静态模板和动态模板共同判定跟踪结果是否丢失,其中,引入动态模板有效提高算法对目标外观变化的适应能力。为了对所提目标漂移判定网络进行训练,建立了样本丰富的数据集。为验证所提网络的有效性,将该网络与基础跟踪器和重检测模块相结合,构建了一个完整的长时跟踪算法。在UAV20L, LaSOT,VOT2018-LT和VOT2020-LT等经典的视觉跟踪数据集上进行了测试,实验结果表明,相比于基础跟踪器,在UAV20L数据集上,跟踪精度和成功率分别提升了10.4%和7.5%。

Vibration Control of a High-Rise Building Structure:Theory and Experiment

In this study,an innovative solution is developed for vibration suppression of the high-rise building.The infinite dimensional system model has been presented for describing high-rise building structures which have a large inertial load with the help of the Hamilton’s principle.On the basis of this system model and with the use of the Lyapunov’s direct method,a boundary controller is proposed and the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded in the time domain.Finally,by using the Smart Structure laboratory platform which is produced by Quancer,we conduct a set of experiments and find that the designed method is resultful.

Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

This paper presents the restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall and the equation of the horizontal top deflection based on a simplified outrigger model. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. One case study was carried out to analyze the horizontal top deflection and the mutation of the restraining moments caused by the variation of outrigger location. The results showed that the method adopted in the paper is simple and reasonable. Some conclusions are valuable to the safety design of high-rise building structures.

Experimental investigation of turbulent flows around high-rise structure foundations and implications on scour

Many studies have been undertaken to predict local scour around offshore high-rise structure foundations(HRSFs),which have been used in constructing the Donghai Wind Farm in China.However,there have been few works on the turbulent flow that drives the scour process.In this study,the characteristics of the turbulent flow fields around an HRSF were investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique.The mean flow,vorticity,and turbulence intensity were analyzed in detail.The relationship between the flow feature and scour development around an HRSF was elaborated.The results showed that the flow velocity increased to its maximum value near the third row of the pile group.The shear layer and wake vortices could not be fully developed downstream of the last row of the piles at small Reynolds numbers.The strong flow and turbulent fluctuation near the third piles explained the existence of a longtail scour pattern starting from the HRSF shoulders and a trapezoidal deposition region directly downstream of HRSF.This laboratory experiment gains insight into the mechanism of the turbulent flow around HRSFs and provides a rare dataset for numerical model verifications.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.

Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure:A data-driven computational approach

Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.

Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

基于孪生神经网络的楔形环连接结构预紧状态辨识

楔形环连接结构由于其连接简单可靠、同时兼具节省空间及减重的优势,常被应用于鱼雷、航天飞行器等武器装备。针对楔形环连接结构预紧状态辨识方面存在的机理模型复杂、样本量小且类别不平衡的问题,提出了一种基于孪生神经网络模型的预紧状态辨识方法。为提高模型训练效率和效果,首先利用时频处理技术进行孪生神经网络模型特征增强,基于增强特征建立了3层孪生神经网络分类模型,实现楔形环预紧状态宏观分类。同时,为指导楔形环精密装配,通过特征可视化技术,深入分析了孪生神经网络训练过程特征聚类效果,并基于二维特征建立了预紧状态定量表征模型,引入目标状态聚类中心与接受域参量,用于实现楔形环连接结构预紧状态定量评估。通过试验验证了所提方法的有效性,该方法可为楔形环连接结构定量辨识提供新的技术途径和思路,具有一定工程应用价值。

基于多分支和重参数化的孪生网络跟踪算法

针对孪生网络对尺度变化目标特征表达能力不足的问题,本文使用不同尺寸的卷积、池化分支和剪枝操作构成多分支结构,以提高特征的鲁棒性并保证孪生网络的平移不变性。针对多分支结构带来参数量过多的问题,本文在跟踪阶段将多分支结构重参数化为单一的卷积,有效减少跟踪阶段时间成本。实验结果表明:本文提出的算法相比于SiamFC,在OTB100数据集上,其精度、成功率和跟踪速度分别提高了5.1%、3%、30FPS,在UAV123和Temple-Color-128数据集上跟踪精度和成功率均有所提高。

小样本情况下基于深度学习的设备健康状态识别研究

针对工业生产中难以大量获取已标注设备状态数据的问题,文中提出了一种基于深度学习的设备健康状态识别模型,以实现小样本情况下的状态识别。首先,通过离散小波变换去除一维振动信号的噪声,通过格拉姆角场(GAF)将其转换为二维图像,并进行灰度化处理,以简化矩阵并提高深度学习的运算效率;其次,提出了一种深度学习模型,该模型运用Siamese架构,将深层残差结构作为子模块,并采用SimAM自注意力机制对残差结构进行改进,以SRes-SimAM205进行模型指代;最后,为了更快更准确地找到最优值以获得更高的精度,使用OneCycleLR函数自适应调整学习率,为了验证所构建方法的有效性,选择使用中南大学提供的齿轮数据集进行算例分析。试验结果表明:所提出的方法可以更好地提取特征并获得99.9%的识别精度,具有良好的泛化能力和适应性。

基于Transformer的视觉目标跟踪方法综述

视觉目标跟踪是计算机视觉中的重要任务之一,为实现高性能的目标跟踪,近年来提出了大量的目标跟踪方法,其中基于Transformer的目标跟踪方法由于具有全局建模和联系上下文的能力,是目前视觉目标跟踪领域研究的热点。首先,根据网络结构的不同对基于Transformer的视觉目标跟踪方法进行分类,概述相关原理和模型改进的关键技术,总结不同网络结构的优缺点;其次,对这类方法在公开数据集上的实验结果进行对比,分析网络结构对性能的影响,其中MixViT-L(ConvMAE)在LaSOT和TrackingNet上跟踪成功率分别达到了73.3%和86.1%,说明基于纯Transformer两段式架构的目标跟踪方法具有更优的性能和更广的发展前景;最后,对方法当前存在的网络结构复杂、参数量大、训练要求高和边缘设备使用难度大等不足进行总结,并对今后的研究重点进行展望,通过与模型压缩、自监督学习以及Transformer可解释性分析相结合,可为基于Transformer的视觉目标跟踪提出更多可行的解决方案。

基于注意力机制的增强视觉追踪网络

为提升传统Transformer结构追踪器的性能并解决与注意力机制结合的问题,提出一种具有注意力机制的Transformer结构视觉跟踪器(称为EVOTA)。提出一个具有局部跨通道的交互策略的通道注意力模块,通过显式建模通道之间的相互依赖关系实现自适应校准通道方向的特征响应。受神经科学理论启发,提出一个能量函数分析神经网络中每个神经元的重要性,进一步推断其相应三维权重。在多个基准数据集上,EVOTA的性能优于多种优秀的追踪器。

多时态BIT遥感图像建筑物的变化检测

针对来自相同地理空间的不同时刻遥感图像之间的季节性和光度变化(色差)等因素所引起的干扰,提出了多时态-BIT遥感图像变化检测方法.该方法引入了过去多个不同时刻的遥感图像,融合当前遥感图像与过去时态遥感图像两两变化检测的结果,该方法有助于排除季节性和光度变化引起的误报,提高了变化检测的准确性;并且利用过去多个不同时刻的遥感图像,进一步消除非目标建筑变化的影响,其变化点像素差值引入作为损失函数正则化项,从而进一步提高变化检测的鲁棒性和可靠性.本文以三时态(3个不同时刻的遥感图像)为例,使用了遥感图像建筑物变化数据集进行了实验.实验结果表明,多时态-BIT方法相对于仅考虑两个时态的变化检测方法,在遥感图像建筑物变化检测任务中表现出更好的效果.

利用无监督预训练的轨迹深度关联

针对时空相似度算法关联轨迹的局限性,采用深度学习方法进行轨迹关联,并提出了一种基于无监督预训练的匹配神经网络训练方式。利用Geohash向量嵌入对轨迹信号做特征工程处理,构建自注意力机制神经网络结构,使用无标注轨迹数据基于遮蔽预测任务进行模型预训练;然后构建孪生匹配网络结构,加载预训练模型参数;最后使用标注轨迹对数据基于均方差损失函数微调预训练模型参数得到轨迹对匹配模型。采用Geolife GPS轨迹数据集作为评估数据集进行模型训练与测试,实验结果显示,利用无监督预训练的轨迹关联方法较现有最优算法匹配准确率提高了5个百分点,达到了96.3%,充分证明了该方法的有效性。目前轨迹关联领域基于深度学习预训练模型的研究较少,该方法具有重要的参考意义。

Research and Implementations of Structural Monitoring for Bridges and Buildings in Japan

This paper provides a review on the development of structural monitoring in Japan, with an emphasis on the type, strategy, and utilization of monitoring systems. The review focuses on bridge and building structures using vibration-based techniques. Structural monitoring systems in Japan historically started with the objective of evaluating structural responses against extreme events. In the development of structural monitoring, monitoring systems and collected data were used to verify design assumptions, update speci cations, and facilitate the ef cacy of vibration control systems. Strategies and case studies on monitoring for the design veri cation of long-span bridges and tall buildings, the performance of seismic isolation systems in building and bridges, the veri cation of structural retro t, the veri cation of structural control systems (passive, semi-active, and active), structural assessment, and damage detec- tion are described. More recently, the application of monitoring systems has been extended to facilitate ef cient operation and effective maintenance through the rationalization of risk and asset management using monitoring data. This paper also summarizes the lessons learned and feedback obtained from case studies on the structural monitoring of bridges and buildings in Japan.

The Structural Behavior of Low/Medium/High Rise Concrete Office Buildings in Kuwait

The main concern of this paper is to provide an extensive study for the structural behavior of low/medium/high rise office buildings aiming to deepen structure and architect designers understanding for such type of buildings. The study is performed on reinforced concrete and emphasized only on Kuwait city conditions for wind. Regular layout plan building with different heights ranging from five to fifty typical office stories are investigated in this study. Three dimensional finite element techniques through ETABS software are used in conducting analysis for structures presented here-in. A serviceability study is performed to ensure that buildings have sufficient stability to limit lateral drift and peak acceleration within the acceptable range of occupancy comfort. In addition, an ultimate strength study is carried out to design and verify that all the structural elements are designed to withstand factored gravity and lateral loadings in a safe manner according to the international building codes. The building slenderness ratio and the building core size and location are the studied parameters since they are the key drivers for the efficient structural design. Analysis results are presented and discussed and finally conclusions are summarized as guidelines for designers of concrete office buildings in Kuwait.

The Minaret of the Great Mosque in Algiers,a Structural Challenge

The Great Mosque in Algiers will be the third largest mosque in the world and its minaret the highest. The region has a high seismic risk. The project designed by a German team of architects and engineers is under construction and will be finished by 2016. Due to the minaret slenderness and to the special composite structure chosen to withstand lateral loading, the structural design faced some challenging aspects. The paper presents the design philosophy, some significant structural features and details of the minaret structure.