Influence of Horizontal Flow on Atrium in High-Rise Residential Building

In this study a 10-storied residential building model was employed to clarify the ventilation characteristics of the atrium and the rooms,which were effected by the different forms of lateral openings.The experiment was conducted under the combined effect of wind force and thermal buoyancy,and the similarity requirements were satisfied.The results have shown that the different forms of lateral openings cause the different ventilation effect of the building,and also have some certain regularity.The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for how to use the ventilation of atrium better in high-rise residential building.

High-Rise Residential Reinforced Concrete Building Optimisation

In the last few decades structure optimisation has become a main task in a civil engineering project. As a matter of fact, due to the complexity and particularity of every structure, the great amount of variables and design criteria to considerate and many other factors, a general optimisation’s method is not simple to formulate. As a result, this paper focuses on how to provide a successful optimisation method for a particular building type, high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. The optimization method is based on decomposition of the main structure into substructures: floor system, vertical load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and foundation system;then each of the subsystems using the design criteria established at the building codes is improved. Due to the effect of the superstructure optimisation on the foundation system, vertical and lateral load resisting system is the last to be considered after the improvement of floor. Finally, as a case example, using the method explained in the paper, a 30-story-high high-rise residential building complex is analysed and optimised, achieving good results in terms of structural behaviour and diminishing the overall cost of the structure.

Quantitative investigation on collapse margin of steel high-rise buildings subjected to extremely severe earthquakes

Reponses of structures subjected to severe earthquakes sometimes significantly surpass what was considered in the design.It is important to investigate the failure mechanism and collapse margin of structures beyond design,especially for high-rise buildings.In this study,steel high-rise buildings using either square concrete-filled-tube（CFT） columns or steel tube columns are designed.A detailed three-dimensional（3 D） structural model is developed to analyze the seismic behavior of a steel high-rise towards a complete collapse.The effectiveness is verified by both component tests and a full-scale shaking table test.The collapse margin,which is defined as the ratio of PGA between the collapse level to the design major earthquake level（Level 2）,is quantified by a series of numerical simulations using incremental dynamic analyses（IDA）.The baseline building using CFT columns collapsed with a weak first story mechanism and presented a collapse margin ranging from 10 to 20.The significant variation in the collapse margin was caused by the different characteristics of the input ground motions.The building using equivalent steel columns collapsed earlier due to the significant shortening of the locally buckled columns,exhibiting only 57% of the collapse margin of the baseline building.The influence of reducing the height of the first story was quite significant.The shortened first story not only enlarged the collapse margin by 20%,but also changed the collapse mode.

Study on Steel Bar Construction Technology of Frameshear Wall in High-Rise Buildings

The development of the construction sector is rapidly growing,which induce competition at global level.In order to achieve the current economic development,more high-rise buildings construction projects were commenced without considering importance of the land to human and other living organism.On the other hand,the quality and safety aspect of the engineering technology used must be analyzed carefully and to be the primary aim for engineers to reduce any risk of harm in future.Many of the high-rise buildings in China consist of a frame or skeleton of reinforced concrete wall which need to be strengthened with shear walls to improve the stability and safety of the structures.According to practical work experience and relevant theoretical knowledge,the researcher introduced the reinforcement construction technology of frame-shear wall for high-rise buildings in depth from aspects like the arrangement of steel bar,construction preparation,steel bar anchorage,precautions to follow for the related work in future.

The mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system in high-rise residential buildings considering the Influence of Stack effect

In high-rise buildings with large indoor and outdoor temperature difference,neglecting the effect of stack effect in smoke exhaust shafts may cause calculation error of the fluid network model.In this paper,the mathematical model of kitchen smoke exhaust system considering the influence of stack effect was put forward and it can be inserted different range hood sub-models.Compared with the results of six working conditions of the model without considering the stack effect,the error of the proposed model were reduced by 7.6%,4.3%,4.1%,2.8%,2.4%,and 2.1%.While the indoor and outdoor temperature difference varies from−5℃ to 49℃,the effect of stack effect on the pressure in the flue and the flow rate for each user was studied for six operating rates s.The results show that under the combined effect of stack effect and flue resistance,the static pressure of the kitchen smoke exhaust system showed a low-high-low distribution,and the maximum static pressure in the flue moved toward the bottom with the increase of temperature difference.User flow rates exhibit a low-high-low-high distribution,with an increased flow rate in the bottom users and the largest flow rate in the top users.

Research on ETABS Steel Tower atop Building Structural System

Equipping steel tower atop building structural system at the top of high-rise buildings is applied increasingly. However, the earthquake disasters indicate that under seismic effect, the tower on the roof reacts strongly to the earthquake, and the gazebo is damaged greatly under the condition that major structure has no earthquake damage. Based on analyzing the characteristics and application methods of ETABS software, for engineering projects, the paper uses ETABS software and simplified calculation method to calculate and make comparison analysis on steel tower atop building structure. The analysis results indicate that the method established in the paper has higher accuracy, which can meet the engineering requirements.

Impact of window and air-conditioner operation behaviour on cooling load in high-rise residential buildings

Space cooling is an important building energy end-use that was found in recent years to be significantly impacted by occupant behaviours.However,the majority of previous studies ignored the interplay between the operation of windows and air conditioners(ACs)on cooling load,particularly in building energy modelling.In addition,studies on the analysis of cooling load characteristics regarding high-rise buildings are insufficient.The vertical effect of high-rise buildings on cooling load remains vague.This study thus aims to examine how window and AC operation behaviours impact the cooling load of high-rise buildings in an urban context demonstrated by a real-life typical 40-floor residential building in Hong Kong.This study investigates window and AC operation behaviours jointly and examines the vertical effect on cooling load by using agent-based building energy modelling(BEM)techniques and initiating stochastic and diverse behaviour modes.A carefully designed questionnaire survey was conducted to help build behaviour modes and validate energy models.Ninety building energy models were established integrating meteorological parameters generated by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)programme for ten typical floors and nine combinations of window and AC behaviour modes.The results show that comfort-based AC modes and schedule-based window modes yielded the lowest cooling load.Considering the combined effect of AC and window uses,the maximum difference in cooling loads could be 26.8%.Behaviour modes and building height induce up to 32.4%differences in cooling loads.Besides,a deviation between the behaviour modes and height on the cooling load was found.The findings will help develop a thorough energy model inferring occupants’window and AC behaviour modes along with the building height in high-rise residential buildings.The findings indicate that the interaction impact of window and AC behaviour modes and height should be jointly considered in future high-rise building energy modelling,building energy standards,and policymaking.

Resident's Floor Level Preference in High-Rise Residential Buildings in China:A Case Study of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province

With the constant advance of global urbanization and aggravation of urban construction land scarcity,high-rise residential buildings have become one of the main carriers of urban residential function on account of both land saving and large housing requirement.However,relevant studies on consumers' floor selection preference in high-rise residential buildings,regarding what inherent and regular features and causes it has,are still insufficient,despite that related issues have important practical significance for real estate developers and designers' decision making in terms of dwelling size ratio,floor area,indoor layout,and so on.This study,based on systematic examination of existing domestic and international researches,seeks to make empirical tests and generalization on the above issues from the aspect of "utility function"(safety,comfortableness,accessibility and economic efficiency) of the living environment that impacted by different floor levels,and floor selection features regarding consumers' social and family structure attributes,as well as the intrinsic correlation between them.The results show the existence of floor level preference in high-rise residential buildings.Its essence is a personalized characterization of consumers' social and family structures' attributes in selecting the "utility function" of the living environment,as the preference value differs under various attributes including gender,age,income,family members and others.

Discussion on the Application of an Interlayer Ventilation Channel in Buildings

Good natural ventilation is the basic function of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas. The intensive use of urban land makes high-rise residential units adopt a large number of multi-household layouts, and the middle households are often difficult to penetrate from north and south, and the natural ventilation effect is not good. The application of a utility model patent "building interlayer ventilation channel" can improve this situation. This paper mainly introduced the basic form and functional characteristics of the patent, and discussed its advantages in detail.

钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙板结构住宅设计

对钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙板组合结构的主体结构体系、计算假定及方法、整体结构计算、主要构件验算进行重点介绍。利用PKPM软件中的SATWE模块对钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙板结构的各项性能指标进行分析,并对主要受力构件进行强度与稳定性验算。结果表明:该结构体系的周期、最大层间位移角、主要构件强度与稳定性等相关指标均满足现行规范与标准的要求。

邻近老旧住宅地铁深基坑施工规律分析

地铁深基坑周边环境较为复杂,控制既有建筑物及周边环境变形是基坑工程的重点。本文研究了杭州软弱地层地铁深基坑围护结构、周边建筑物变形规律,探讨了围护结构侧向位移与土体水平位移之间的关系。结果表明,围护结构侧向位移曲线呈S型,伺服钢支撑可减小围护结构侧向位移,但轴力过大会使围护结构向坑外方向变形;地下连续墙侧向变形和土体水平变形呈线性关系。

全装配式电梯在老旧住宅改造中的应用研究

老旧多层住宅加装电梯是民生工程的工作重点,针对老旧小区公共空间有限、加装电梯施工难度大、现场扰民严重等问题,提出了全装配式加装电梯的实施方案。电梯井道采用钢框架结构,整个钢结构井道分2节在工厂预制,电梯井道与既有建筑主体结构间采用带竖向长圆孔的铰接连接,仅限制电梯井道水平向的相对位移,电梯井墙板采用轻质多功能住宅外墙一体板。综合考虑运输能力和小区道路的通行能力,确定将混凝土预制基础拆分为2部分,采用后浇带连接。电梯基坑与基础底板采用灌浆套筒连接,钢柱与混凝土柱脚通过预埋钢板和螺栓连接。该方案已在某住宅楼实施,工期约15 d。

住宅楼“回”字形外墙壁柱与幕墙外窗防水构造施工技术

本文主要探究了某住宅楼“回”字形外墙壁柱与幕墙外窗防水构造的施工方法。在“回”字形外墙壁柱施工中,创新性地使用了石墨聚苯板代替内模板,省去了支模步骤并提高了外墙保温性能。在施工中,重点加强预埋壁柱钢筋、粘贴石墨聚苯板、绑扎钢筋笼与预埋钢筋、混凝土浇筑与养护等环节的技术控制。在幕墙外窗防水施工中,采用加装止水钢板的方式,使窗框与墙体结构之间封闭,从而提高止水性能。按照从下往上的顺序安装底部、侧面和顶部止水钢板,并在底部和顶部保留2%坡度,方便排水。止水钢板边缘处打满密封胶,提高了防水效果。

高层住宅薄陶瓷保温一体板与钢托架岩棉板组合节能系统施工技术研究

为满足高层住宅建筑外墙外保温层的安全性、节能性、美观性,需要对高层住宅建筑外墙进行保温系统设计,选用具有提高隔热性能且安全环保的外保温组合系统。本文以三门峡市大修厂周边棚户区改造(黄河新城)工程设计施工总承包项目为例,总结形成高层住宅薄陶瓷保温一体板+钢托架岩棉板组合节能系统施工技术,以供同行参考和借鉴。

钢结构住宅体系墙板及墙板节点足尺模型振动台试验研究

本文对山东安尔发建筑科技有限公司开发的钢结构住宅体系的墙板及墙板节点足尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究,分析了该体系的自振特性、地震反应特征和破坏现象,特别对外墙板及内墙的节点的抗震性能进行了深入研究,得出了有益的结论,为钢结构住宅体系的进一步推广提供了试验依据。

纯框架体系在多层轻钢住宅中的应用研究

在多层钢结构民用住宅建筑中 ,轻钢框架体系具有施工快、抗震性能好、造价经济的优点。为了促进这种结构体系的应用 ,结合新的抗震规范与国内外的研究成果 ,研究了它的结构特点。通过工程实例的计算 ,研究了纯框架体系在3～ 7层轻钢住宅中的应用 ,分析了层数、地震烈度、楼盖的组合作用、刚架柱的截面形式对轻钢框架体系受力与经济性能的影响。研究表明采用箱形刚架柱 ,并考虑楼盖组合作用的多层轻钢框架住宅 ,在设防烈度 8度或 8度以下地区 ,具有良好的经济指标与抗震性能。

轻钢住宅结构体系及其应用

对我国发展轻钢住宅结构体系的条件、基础和该体系的特点进行了分析 ,综述了轻钢住宅结构体系和围护结构体系 ,通过对轻钢住宅试点工程的介绍 。

冷弯薄壁型钢三层房屋振动台试验研究

为考察低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋的抗震性能,进行一个三层足尺模型的振动台试验,得到低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋结构在水平地震作用下的动力特性、地震反应、破坏机理等,并对其抗震性能进行评估。结果表明:结构在振动过程中表现为局部破坏,墙体骨架基本完好;结构呈剪切型变形形式;9度抗震设防时,多遇地震下结构最大弹性层间位移角为1/934,罕遇地震下结构最大弹塑性层间位移角为1/52,满足抗震规范关于抗震变形验算的相关规定;该房屋体系抗侧力的关键在于墙板的蒙皮作用和抗拔件的抗倾覆作用,因此应保证接缝和边角处自攻螺钉的施工质量,抗拔件应采取有效的防松措施。对结构的抗震能力进行初步评估,表明该房屋在9度多遇地震下的墙体剪力均小于其抗剪承载能力,且具有较高的安全储备。

钢网构架混凝土复合结构多层住宅墙体抗震性能试验研究

钢网构架混凝土复合结构是一种免模板的新型钢-混凝土组合结构体系,由腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢和与之正交的型钢拉条构成钢构骨架,再外覆钢模网充当永久模板,最后浇入混凝土从而形成墙体和楼板等住宅建筑中的基本构件。通过4个钢网构架混凝土复合结构墙体在水平反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,研究这种新型结构形式的剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性、刚度退化等受力性能,分析其破坏机理。研究表明,此新型墙体在多层住宅结构中具有较高的承载力和较好的延性,其中型钢和钢模网共同影响着墙体的破坏形态,墙体中配钢能显著提高墙体的延性和承载力。在试验的基础上,对此墙体的设计计算方法进行研究,基于现行钢筋混凝土剪力墙的计算公式建议钢网构架混凝土复合墙体的承载力计算方法。

钢结构住宅建筑部品生命周期详单分析

对某钢结构住宅小区内3幢不同层数建筑施工过程的建材耗量、建材来源进行调研统计,并结合BESLCI软件计算建筑结构、围护结构的生命周期能耗及环境排放.结果表明,钢构件、混凝土和水泥的生命周期能耗共占钢结构住宅建筑部品生命周期能耗的60%以上,钢结构住宅施工生命周期能耗仅为常规结构住宅的50%左右,建筑体量对钢结构住宅建筑部品生命周期清单影响不大.同国内外其他学者的钢结构建筑生命周期清单分析结果进行了比较,差异较大,分析发现数据获取的精确性、研究边界划分的合理性及缺少标准的清单分析数据库是造成差异的主要原因.