Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

Discussion on Construction Technology and Welding Deformation of High-Rise Steel Frame Structure

Because of urbanization,land resources in China’s cities has become increasingly scarce.Therefore,modern buildings are becoming taller,making high-rise steel frame structures the new favorite of the construction industry.However,the construction of high-rise steel frame structures requires advanced technology.If the construction technology is effectively implemented and the welding techniques of the construction personnel align with the requirements for high-rise steel frame structures,it can help mitigate deformations in the steel structure,thus preserving the overall construction quality of high-rise steel frame structures.To enhance the applicability of steel frame structures in high-rise buildings,this paper focuses on analyzing the optimization path for the construction process of high-rise steel frame structures.It introduces a tailored approach to control welding-induced deformations in steel frame structures,aiming to make a valuable contribution to the advancement of China’s construction industry.

Vibration Control of a High-Rise Building Structure:Theory and Experiment

In this study,an innovative solution is developed for vibration suppression of the high-rise building.The infinite dimensional system model has been presented for describing high-rise building structures which have a large inertial load with the help of the Hamilton’s principle.On the basis of this system model and with the use of the Lyapunov’s direct method,a boundary controller is proposed and the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded in the time domain.Finally,by using the Smart Structure laboratory platform which is produced by Quancer,we conduct a set of experiments and find that the designed method is resultful.

Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

This paper presents the restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall and the equation of the horizontal top deflection based on a simplified outrigger model. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. One case study was carried out to analyze the horizontal top deflection and the mutation of the restraining moments caused by the variation of outrigger location. The results showed that the method adopted in the paper is simple and reasonable. Some conclusions are valuable to the safety design of high-rise building structures.

Influence of Wind Turbine Structural Parameters on Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effect

To overcome the problems of natural decreases in power quality,and to eliminate wind speed fluctuation due to wind shear and tower shadow effect arising from wind turbine structural parameters,an improved prediction model accounting for the dual effect of wind shear and tower shadow is,in this paper,built.Compared to the conventional prediction model,the proposed model contains a new constraint condition,which makes the disturbance term caused by the tower shadow effect always negative so that the prediction result is closer to the actual situation.Furthermore,wind turbine structural parameters such as hub height,rotor diameter,the diameter of the tower top,and rotor overhang on wind shear and tower shadow effect are also explored in detail.The results show that the wind shear effect became weaker with the increase in hub height.The hub height is independent of the tower shadow effect.The rotor diameter is positively correlated with the wind shear and tower shadow effect.The tower shadow effect is positively correlated with the diameter of the tower top and negatively correlated with the rotor overhang.

Dynamic analysis of wind turbine tower structures in complex ocean environment

Studying and analyzing the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines are of great importance to ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of such expensive equipments.In this work,a tapered beam model is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine tower on the monopile foundation assembled with rotating blades in the complex ocean environment.Several environment factors like wind,wave,current,and soil resistance are taken into account.The proposed model is ana-lytically solved with the Galerkin method.Based on the numerical results,the effects of various structure parameters including the taper angle,the height and thickness of the tower,the depth,and the diameter and the cement filler of the monopile on the funda-mental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system are investigated in detail.It is found that the fundamental natural frequency decreases with the increase in the taper angle and the height and thickness of the tower,and increases with the increase in the diameter of the monopile.Moreover,filling cement into the monopile can effectively im-prove the fundamental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system,but there is a critical value of the amount of cement maximizing the property of the monopile.This research may be helpful in the design and safety evaluation of offshore wind turbines.

Experimental investigation of turbulent flows around high-rise structure foundations and implications on scour

Many studies have been undertaken to predict local scour around offshore high-rise structure foundations(HRSFs),which have been used in constructing the Donghai Wind Farm in China.However,there have been few works on the turbulent flow that drives the scour process.In this study,the characteristics of the turbulent flow fields around an HRSF were investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique.The mean flow,vorticity,and turbulence intensity were analyzed in detail.The relationship between the flow feature and scour development around an HRSF was elaborated.The results showed that the flow velocity increased to its maximum value near the third row of the pile group.The shear layer and wake vortices could not be fully developed downstream of the last row of the piles at small Reynolds numbers.The strong flow and turbulent fluctuation near the third piles explained the existence of a longtail scour pattern starting from the HRSF shoulders and a trapezoidal deposition region directly downstream of HRSF.This laboratory experiment gains insight into the mechanism of the turbulent flow around HRSFs and provides a rare dataset for numerical model verifications.

Equivalent Simplifying of Tower Structure and Its Application in Overall Analysis of Offshore Platform

Based on some mechanical principles, this paper presents a new way for simplifying the tower structure on the platform, i. e., substituting the three-dimensional tower structure by using beam elements. For the overall analysis of offshore platform, this method can not only save man- power and computer time, but also get better results. This paper introduces the equivalent-simplifying method and its application in engineering.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.

Flexible high-rise apartments with sparse wall-frame structure:A data-driven computational approach

Flexible housing resolves the fundamental conflicts between the long-standing structure and the evolving demands.We propose a computational method of optimizing the structural layout of high-rise residential buildings.Chinese high-rise apartment buildings have widely employed shear wall-frame structure in which one big room or multiple small rooms could occupy the same span.Fitting multiple floor plans into a fixed sparse scheme of shear walls and columns is feasible.We developed a computational framework to seek flexible structural schemes.A building scheme consists of a circulation core,shear walls,columns,and boundaries.The computer program automatically adapts floor plans to any drawn or generated scheme.Based on a large dataset of apartment layouts,the number of apartments that fit into a building scheme statistically reflects the flexibility of the scheme.If many hypothetical plans can fit into a wallframe structure in computer simulation,this structure could probably support several generations of unknown plans.Such a data-driven computational method provides the possibility of creating a one-to-many mapping between permanent structure and evolving apartment plans.

The Coupling Effect of Spatial Reticulated Shell Structure with Cables

The spatial reticulated shell structure with cables (RSC) is a kind of coupling working system, which consists of flexible cables, reticulated shell structure (RS) and tower columns. The dynamic analysis of RSC based on the coupling model was carried out. Three kinds of elements such as the spatial bar element, cable element and beam element were introduced to analyze the reticulated shell, cable and tower column respectively. Furthermore, such parameter influences as structural boundary conditions, grid configuration, the span-to-depth ratio and the arrangement of cable system upon structural dynamics were analyzed. The structural vibration modes can be divided into four groups based on some numerical examples. And the frequencies in the same group are very close while the frequencies in different groups are different from each other obviously. It is clear that the sequence of the appearance of the each mode group heavily depends on the comparative stiffness of the tower column system, RS and cables.

Structural form selection of the high-rise buildingwith the improved BP neural network

As civil engineering technology development,the structural form selection is more and more critical in design of high-rise buildings.However,structural form selection involves expertise knowledge and changes with the environment which makes the task arduous.An approach utilizing improved back propagation(BP)neural network optimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)algorithm is proposed to extract the main controlling factors of structural form selection.Then,an intelligent expert system with artificial neural network is constructed to design high-rise buildings structure effectively.The experiment tests the model in 15 well-known architecture samples and get the prediction accuracy of 93.33%.The results show that the method is feasible and can help designers select the appropriate structural form.

Research on ETABS Steel Tower atop Building Structural System

Equipping steel tower atop building structural system at the top of high-rise buildings is applied increasingly. However, the earthquake disasters indicate that under seismic effect, the tower on the roof reacts strongly to the earthquake, and the gazebo is damaged greatly under the condition that major structure has no earthquake damage. Based on analyzing the characteristics and application methods of ETABS software, for engineering projects, the paper uses ETABS software and simplified calculation method to calculate and make comparison analysis on steel tower atop building structure. The analysis results indicate that the method established in the paper has higher accuracy, which can meet the engineering requirements.

基于倒塌延性的输电塔地震抗倒塌设计方法

调整结构抗侧刚度是提高地震下结构抗倒塌能力的常用方法,目前该方法多应用于建筑结构,而没有关于输电塔的抗倒塌研究。针对此问题,首先,依托实际输电线路工程,基于ABAQUS软件建立了输电塔有限元模型,采用静力推覆分析(Pushover)和增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis,简称IDA)方法,获得了输电塔倒塌延性;其次,针对输电塔薄弱节间,提出了一种以杆件内外径之比为影响参数的输电塔地震抗倒塌优化设计方法;最后,通过有限元分析对优化效果进行了验证。结果表明,该优化方法能有效提高输电塔抗倒塌性能,优化后的输电塔薄弱节间抗震性能最高可达70%,非薄弱节间优化效果在10%左右,可为输电塔抗震设计提供指导。

装配式混凝土建筑施工现场群塔布置的影响因素分析

装配式混凝土建筑的预制构件类型繁多、数量大,现场吊装作业任务量大。装配式混凝土建筑施工现场进行群塔布置时需要考虑塔吊的选型、施工场地和道路情况、塔吊的站位和群塔作业防碰撞要求等因素。在保证群塔施工中相互运行安全的前提下,群塔的合理布置应可最大限度地提高群塔利用效率,满足施工要求。

基于IDA的钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒地震易损性分析

为研究钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒的抗震性能,基于弹塑性纤维梁柱单元理论建立了某钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒二维数值模型,先依据推覆分析结果确定塔筒的5种损伤状态限值,然后分别以截面曲率和考虑高阶振型的复合地震动强度参数IM 1I&2E作为结构需求参数和地震动强度参数,接着选取20条地震动记录进行塔筒的增量动力分析,建立塔筒的地震易损性曲线,并对塔筒的抗震性能进行评估。结果表明:混合塔筒模型的损伤程度与地震动强度参数呈正相关,其抗震性能可满足Ⅶ度(0.15 g)地震作用下的抗震要求,但在Ⅷ度罕遇地震作用下及处于更高烈度区的风电塔筒应当进行专门的抗震设计。

四塔支承超大直径圆环复杂结构设计

上海临港新片区新建一幢地标建筑,该建筑为四幢46.8 m高的塔楼支承一个直径150 m、高度8.6 m的超大直径圆环,结构复杂。结构主要特点是超大直径圆环内侧采用倒三角形空间桁架、楼面梁采用变截面悬挑钢梁,四幢塔楼采用钢框架-屈曲约束支撑-屈曲约束钢板墙结构体系,超大直径圆环和四幢支承塔楼之间采用一个对角铰接、另一个对角滑动支座加黏滞阻尼器的连接方式。由于建筑师的要求,超大直径圆环横截面为外侧开口的C形截面,如何克服圆环外侧开口带来的扭转作用是设计难点。主要进行了支承塔楼的结构设计和计算分析,超大直径圆环的结构选型和抗扭性能研究,圆环和支承塔楼连接设计,支承塔楼和圆环组成的整体结构计算分析,整体结构大震下弹塑性时程分析。设计和研究成果可为圆环结构、多个塔楼共同支承一个上部结构等类似工程设计提供借鉴。

三面围合的人字结构——北京N公寓结构设计

基于某大跨斜连体三塔结构项目,采用多软件对比小震弹性分析、时程分析以及大震动力弹塑性分析方法,对其进行了斜连体传力路径分析、斜连体超限高层结构计算分析、斜连体防连续倒塌验算、斜连体与塔楼连接薄弱部位关键节点有限元分析。分析结果表明,斜连体传力路径可靠,斜连体及与塔楼连接关键传力节点在大震下不屈服,整体结构满足大震下的变形和承载力要求。故本项目结构布置合理,结构体系安全可靠。

GFRP布无损加固输电铁塔角钢受力性能研究

针对现役输电铁塔在覆冰、风荷载、边坡变形等作用下可能存在承载力不足的问题,研究玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)布无损加固铁塔角钢的受力性能。首先,利用文献中的物理试验对加固钢材数值试验方法进行验证;其次,以铁塔角钢为研究对象,基于验证的数值试验方法建立72组有限元分析模型,探讨长细比、GFRP布粘贴层数、粘贴长度等因素对角钢极限承载力的影响;最后,推导并改进GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法。结果表明:不同长细比对构件极限承载力影响较大,当角钢长细比大于70时,加固后的承载力提升不明显;增加GFRP布粘贴层数,角钢承载力大幅提升,粘贴8层GFRP布的承载力提升率最高达41.03%;柱中GFRP布粘贴长度为75%与粘贴长度为100%的角钢极限承载力相比提升不大,仅为0.27%~2.10%;对推导的GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法引入修正系数后,数值试验与理论计算值相对误差缩小至-2.70%~1.77%,有效提升理论解计算精度。在对现役铁塔加固时,只需对角钢全长的75%粘贴6~8层GFRP布进行加固,且对于长细比λ≤70的角钢加固效果更好。