Signal decomposition of HF radar maneuvering targets by using S^2-method with clutter rejection

Multiple maneuvedng targets signal processing in high frequency radar is challenging due to the following difficulties： the interference between signals is severe because of significant spread of the target Doppler spectrum, the low signal to clutter ratio （SCR） environment degrades the performance of signal process- ing algorithms. This paper addresses this challenging problem by using an S2-method and an adaptive clutter rejection scheme. The proposed S2-method improves the S-method by eliminating inter- ference between signals, and thus it enables multi-target signals to be reconstructed individually. The proposed adaptive clutter rejec- tion scheme is based on an adaptive notch filter, which is designed according to the envelop of the clutter spectrum. Experiments with simulated targets added into radar sea clutter echo and real air target data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Capurability analysis for arbitrarily high-speed maneuvering targets

The capturability of an arbitrarily maneuvering target featuring speed superiority over an interceptor is analyzed for Augmented Pure Proportional Navigation(APPN)and RetroAugmented Proportional Navigation(RAPN)guidance.This paper focuses on intercepting arbitrary maneuvers to study more general interception problems.A comparative analysis of the capture region between head-on interception related to APPN and head-pursuit interception related to RAPN is proposed.The results indicate that RAPN performs better than APPN in capturability.It is concluded that increasing the target velocity,which increases the velocity ratio,significantly weakens the capturability of the interceptor,and the average acceleration and relative distance affect the location of the capture region but not its size.The analysis is based on prior knowledge of the target maneuver,which inevitably leads to deviations from actual maneuvers in practical engagement,so a deviation analysis is implemented.The effective capture region shrinks as the absolute value of acceleration deviation increases,and the RAPN has a better deviation fault tolerance compared with the APPN.The results reveal that a larger relative distance can weaken the deviation fault tolerance,and the target velocity has opposite effects on head-on and head-pursuit interception.

基于多特征融合的高机动多目标低截获概率跟踪技术

在多目标跟踪过程中,目标的高机动特性使得传统采用固定运动模型或交互式多模型的目标跟踪算法很难实时精确匹配目标运动模型,从而引起高机动目标的低跟踪精度问题。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于目标运动状态模型自适应更新的高机动多目标跟踪算法。在多目标跟踪过程中,该算法采用多特征聚类融合算法进行目标运动模型估计,并根据各目标跟踪波动参数进行状态转移矩阵决策更新,同时利用联合概率数据关联实现多机动目标状态转移矩阵自适应更新的关联跟踪,从而解决了传统多目标跟踪算法因目标运动模型失配引起的低跟踪精度问题。在目标跟踪算法的传感器选择上,无源传感器不对外辐射能量,具有较好的低截获概率性能,但其跟踪精度有限,常不能满足多目标高跟踪精度的要求。雷达作为有源传感器,具有较高的跟踪精度。但由于雷达对外辐射信号,容易被防御方截获。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种无源传感器目标跟踪为主,有源雷达间歇跟踪为辅的多传感器协同管理目标跟踪算法。该算法通过对目标跟踪本征堆积误差的判断进行传感器的最优分配,并根据波动参数的大小进行状态转移矩阵决策更新。仿真结果验证了本文所提出的多传感器协同的高机动目标跟踪算法在满足高机动目标跟踪精度的条件下可以有效的提升雷达低截获概率性能。

高机动目标的改进强跟踪CKF自适应IMM算法

为提升高机动目标跟踪精度,提出了一种改进的强跟踪CKF自适应交互多模型跟踪算法。在IMM算法运动模型集中引入CS-Jerk模型,增强对高机动目标的适应能力,采用奇异值分解(SVD)算法解决模型集中因模型扩维而导致CKF算法无法Cholesky分解的问题;提出了一种改进的强跟踪CKF算法,降低强跟踪CKF算法的计算量;利用模型的后验信息对IMM算法模型转移概率进行自适应调整,提高跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,基于所提算法目标的位置均方根误差均值和速度均方根误差均值较IMM-CKF算法分别降低了22.50%和16.58%,有效提高了目标跟踪精度。

面向高机动目标检测的激光雷达探测图像分角域识别方法

高速移动和快速变换的运动模式容易导致目标模糊,从而无法准确识别目标的轮廓、形状和位置。为此,提出了面向高机动目标检测的激光雷达探测图像分角域识别方法。首先,通过邻域范围内像素点距离异常检测,去除激光雷达探测图像中的噪声和异常信号;然后,利用L-R算法解决目标高速移动造成的图像模糊问题;最后,采用基于互信息的自适应角域划分方法将图像分割成不同的角度域,并通过卷积神经网络在各角域中进行高精度目标识别,以实现高机动目标激光雷达探测。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效去除高机动目标造成的激光雷达探测图像模糊现象;相较于其他传统方法,该方法的目标识别率和全类平均精度较高、单图识别平均耗时较低,具有良好的识别效果。

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied.Firstly,the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established.The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system.Secondly,the problem of the multiple missile’s reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage.A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed.Then,the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed,and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit.Moreover,the relations among the number of missiles,the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed.The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error.Finally,simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.

拦截高超声速滑翔飞行器:制导进展与展望

聚焦于临近空间拦截制导关键技术,围绕中制导、中末制导交班及末制导等关键问题对临近空间拦截制导技术前景进行展望。首先对临近空间高超声速滑翔飞行器飞行特性进行仿真与分析,并给出防御系统在滑翔段拦截的优势所在;其次,围绕临近空间拦截系统面对高超声速滑翔飞行器时存在的瓶颈进行探讨,并对中制导离线弹道生成与在线弹道生成、中末制导交班及末制导等关键技术相关研究进展进行梳理与总结;最后,结合当前研究进展、面临的挑战及未来临近空间拦截需求,研究分析临近空间拦截制导技术的发展趋势,为后续防御系统的发展提供参考。

基于改进OMP算法的多目标高速机动检测方法

针对多目标高速机动检测问题,提出了一种基于改进正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法的多目标检测方法。根据高速机动目标运动特性建立信号模型;利用改进OMP算法对脉冲压缩后的回波信号进行运动参数估计;构建相位补偿函数对距离徙动和多普勒徙动进行校正;通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)完成相参积累,实现对多目标的检测。改进算法适用于多目标高速机动检测场景,可有效避免盲速旁瓣现象及信号交叉项的影响,且具有参数估计精度高和抗噪声能力强等优点。仿真实验验证了改进算法的有效性与可靠性。

基于可达区预测的高速机动目标多弹拦截决策

针对大气层内高速机动目标的多弹拦截问题,提出了一种基于可达区预测的多弹拦截决策方法。基于机动能力分析与曲线拟合方法建立了拦截弹可达区的解析模型,可实现在给定发射点与预测命中点后拦截弹可达区边界生成;结合进攻弹的可达区快速预测方法,将高速机动目标的多弹拦截决策转化为攻防可达区覆盖优化问题,设计寻优算法并求解得到使用最少拦截弹覆盖最大范围进攻弹可达区的多弹拦截策略;通过数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于覆盖理论的高速强机动目标协同围捕策略

为了应对进攻性高超声速飞行器带来的威胁与挑战,基于覆盖理论提出了一种针对高速强机动目标的分布式协同围捕策略.首先,考虑飞行器与目标的机动特性,包括速度关系、最大过载比等参数,引入阿波罗尼奥斯圆的概念对围捕区域进行分析.然后,基于重叠角概念提出冗余覆盖策略,根据目标的逃逸边界给出初始飞行器最优数量,设计围捕队形使多飞行器的围捕区域能够对目标逃逸边界完全覆盖,在此基础上考虑多种约束设计围捕高速强机动目标的分布式协同制导律,使多飞行器能够完成所设计的围捕队形,达到目标被飞行器合围后无法逃脱的效果.最后,将上述覆盖策略分别在二维平面和三维空间进行数值仿真,验证了一致性协同制导律能够实现期望的围捕队形,所设计的围捕队形在目标作最大常值机动逃逸以及随机机动两种情况下均能捕获目标,证明了围捕队形和制导律的有效性和优越性.

基于天基平台的空中高机动目标检测方法研究

提出了一种基于天基合成孔径雷达平台实现空中高机动目标的检测方法,相比于逆合成孔径雷达系统实现空中运动目标检测具有极大的灵活性。同时,文中充分考虑了空中运动目标(如飞机、导弹等)的机动性,区别于现有合成孔径雷达地面动目标显示方法对空中机动目标进行匀速直线运动的假设,因此文中方法更具有实际应用的价值。文中方法先采用相邻互相关方法对运动目标进行降阶处理,通过keystone方法对动目标进行统一的走动校正,然后对动目标信号进行变尺度的维格纳威尔分布变换,最后通过傅里叶变换能够充分实现对机动目标的有效相干积累,因而适用于低信噪比下对空中机动目标的检测。

基于改进UPF的低空小型飞行器跟踪方法

在低空小型飞行器的单站纯角度目标定位问题中,受限于气象条件、操作水平等因素,对观测目标的测量精度有限。为提高目标跟踪性能、降低硬件要求,该文提出一种适用于三维目标的纯方位目标跟踪算法。针对UPF算法实时性较低的问题,采用超球面分布的SSUT代替UPF中的UT,与UPF算法相比,SSUPF在保证定位精度的同时用时更少。为提高对三维目标跟踪精度,该文采用一种三阶段滤波算法,分别对目标方位角、俯仰角及距离进行滤波。实验表明该方法可降低方位角与俯仰角之间的耦合误差,提高对目标状态的估计精度,同时可大大降低目标跟踪所需的计算时间。

Signal waveform design to detect an underwater high-speed small target

The problem of sonar signal waveform design to detect a high-speed small target in an underwater environment is discussed. From theoretical analysis, time-frequency hop signal is regarded as the most suitable signal waveform in this application. To get precise target parameter estimation ability, the signal should have high range-Doppler resolution performance. The results of signal analysis show that hop signal with frequency serial coding as Costas array has sharp ambiguity characteristic, so it can be used in an active sonar system to detect a high speed small target. A scheme of frequency coding is also presented.

航道辅助地波雷达机动目标跟踪研究

交互多模型(Interacting Multiple Model,IMM)方法应用于高频地波雷达(High Frequency Surface Wave Radar,HFSWR)机动目标跟踪时,其固定的模型集合与转移概率矩阵会导致模型竞争与模型概率切换滞后,降低了目标状态估计的准确性,容易引起航迹断裂、丢失等问题。为此,对基于航道辅助的交互多模型地波雷达机动目标跟踪方法进行了研究。首先,利用有向图模型估计海上航道并提取航道信息,判定目标所处的航道位置并据此自适应切换目标运动模型集合;然后依据确定的模型集合进行多模型滤波,利用滤波新息构造运动模型的极大似然函数并计算每个模型的似然值,通过计算运动模型之间似然值比值计算概率修正因子,采用概率修正因子与原模型转移概率矩阵的乘积更新模型转移概率矩阵。利用仿真与实测数据开展了海上机动目标跟踪实验,结果表明,与传统IMM算法相比,本文方法可显著提升模型概率的切换速度,跟踪得到的航迹维持时间提高了54.2%,算法运行时间减少了30%,运动模型匹配平均概率提高了14.1%,实现了对海上目标的长时跟踪。

高速机动目标长时间相参积累算法

在高速高机动目标的长时间相参积累过程中,跨距离单元和跨多普勒单元现象的出现会导致雷达回波增益急剧降低,进而影响雷达目标检测能力。针对上述问题,提出一种高效的长时间积累算法。该算法首先对脉压回波信号做keystone变换消除目标的距离走动,然后利用改进相参积累型平滑广义三阶相位函数与改进相参积累型平滑三阶相位函数分别完成对目标的二阶与一阶加速度的估计,最后使用De-chirp技术消除目标的高阶多普勒相位项,完成回波在距离多普勒维度上的聚焦。由于所提算法利用了雷达回波的相参特性并通过恒定延迟引入机制,因此表现出优异的抗噪声性能与参数估计精度。仿真实验和理论分析都证实了所提算法的有效性与抗噪声鲁棒性。

一种基于交互多模型卡尔曼滤波的被动协同定位滤波算法研究

针对多节点被动协同定位模式下,海面高机动目标定位结果随测向误差跳变的问题,提出一种基于交互多模型卡尔曼滤波的被动协同定位滤波算法;通过仿真模拟一条由多种运动状态组合而成的航迹,各子航迹对应不同的运动模型,对比了常规卡尔曼滤波算法和交互多模型卡尔曼滤波算法对复杂场景的滤波效果,仿真结果表明后者具备更好的滤波性能。

GS-orthogonalization OMP method for space target detection via bistatic space-based radar

A space-based bistatic radar system composed of two space-based radars as the transmitter and the receiver respectively has a wider surveillance region and a better early warning capability for high-speed targets,and it can detect focused space targets more flexibly than the monostatic radar system or the ground-based radar system.However,the target echo signal is more difficult to process due to the high-speed motion of both space-based radars and space targets.To be specific,it will encounter the problems of Range Cell Migration(RCM)and Doppler Frequency Migration(DFM),which degrade the long-time coherent integration performance for target detection and localization inevitably.To solve this problem,a novel target detection method based on an improved Gram Schmidt(GS)-orthogonalization Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm is proposed in this paper.First,the echo model for bistatic space-based radar is constructed and the conditions for RCM and DFM are analyzed.Then,the proposed GS-orthogonalization OMP method is applied to estimate the equivalent motion parameters of space targets.Thereafter,the RCM and DFM are corrected by the compensation function correlated with the estimated motion parameters.Finally,coherent integration can be achieved by performing the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)operation along the slow time direction on compensated echo signal.Numerical simulations and real raw data results validate that the proposed GS-orthogonalization OMP algorithm achieves better motion parameter estimation performance and higher detection probability for space targets detection.

LFM雷达对临近空间高超声速目标的跟踪研究

针对临近空间高超声速目标跟踪的问题,提出了一种ECEF坐标系下基于径向速度补偿和相邻时刻目标量测对消处理的高超声速目标跟踪算法.首先,充分分析了目标高超声速运动对雷达探测跟踪的影响,并在此基础上合理构建了目标高超声速运动下的量测模型,以避免模型失配所引起的滤波发散问题;其次,利用解模糊处理后的径向速度估计对目标高超声速运动引起的高动态偏差做近似补偿,以将问题转换为低系统偏差下的状态估计问题,最后,通过基于相邻时刻目标量测对消处理的单雷达量测方程构建,可有效回避低系统偏差存在下的航迹关联问题,进而实现临近空间高超声速目标的可靠跟踪.仿真结果表明,与现有的临近空间目标跟踪算法相比,该算法具有较高的定位跟踪精度.

三维高速机动目标跟踪交互式多模型算法

对三维机动目标,尤其是高速机动目标的跟踪一直是目标跟踪领域的重点和难点,通过二维或解耦模型扩展并不一定能满足精度要求.提出了一种基于常速模型、"当前"统计模型、带约束的三维常速率协同转弯模型的交互式多模型算法.通过对包括匀加速模型、Singer模型、"当前"统计模型在内的不同模型组合进行Monte-Carlo仿真比较表明本算法对三维高速机动目标跟踪是有效性,并具有很好的实用性.

基于多分量多项式信号参数估计的机动目标成像

对机动目标 ,其散射点回波的多普勒信号是时变的 ,通常其变化是近似线性的 .当目标机动性很强时 ,散射点回波的多普勒信号变化是高阶的 ,必须用高阶多项式近似 ,同时有些散射点回波并不是完整地存在于整个孔径 ,其幅度也是时变的 ,故基于变包络的多分量多项式相位信号模型 ,对机动目标回波进行了成像处理 .通过应用“洁净”技术 ,逐个估计多项式相位信号分量 .各分量的多项式相位系数及幅度分别用基于乘积型高阶模糊度函数的估计方法和低通滤波估计得到 ,机动目标的动态雷达图像由估计的信号重构得到 .实测数据处理结果表明这种成像算法是有效的 .