Electromagnetic Analysis and Optimization of High-speed Maglev Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Field-circuit Coupling

High speed maglev train has become a new non-contact transportation mode mainly studied in recent years because of its non-sticking and high speed characteristics.Firstly,the finite element model of the long stator linear synchronous motor(LSM)is established based on the structure of the test prototype.After calculation,it is compared with the experimental data and verified.On this basis,a field-circuit coupling model based on inverter circuit is established,and the influence of carrier wave ratio change on the output characteristics of LSM is calculated and analyzed.Finally,the filter circuit is introduced into the field-circuit coupling model,and the influence of the filter circuit on the output characteristics of the LSM is compared and analyzed.

Aerodynamic Features of High-Speed Maglev Trains with Different Marshaling Lengths Running on a Viaduct under Crosswinds

The safety and stability of high-speed maglev trains traveling on viaducts in crosswinds critically depend on their aerodynamic characteristics.Therefore,this paper uses an improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES)method to investigate the aerodynamic features of high-speed maglev trains with different marshaling lengths under crosswinds.The effects of marshaling lengths(varying from 3-car to 8-car groups)on the train’s aerodynamic performance,surface pressure,and the flow field surrounding the train were investigated using the three-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations.The results showed that the marshaling lengths had minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of the head and middle cars.Conversely,the marshaling lengths are negatively correlated with the time-average side force coefficient(CS)and time-average lift force coefficient(Cl)of the tail car.Compared to the tail car of the 3-car groups,the CS and Cl fell by 27.77%and 18.29%,respectively,for the tail car of the 8-car groups.It is essential to pay more attention to the operational safety of the head car,as it exhibits the highest time average CS.Additionally,the mean pressure difference between the two sides of the tail car body increased with the marshaling lengths,and the side force direction on the tail car was opposite to that of the head and middle cars.Furthermore,the turbulent kinetic energy of the wake structure on the windward side quickly decreased as marshaling lengths increased.

Current status and reflection on the development of high-speed maglev transportation

Purpose–High-speed maglev technology can address the issues of adhesion,friction,vibration and highspeed current collection in traditional wheel-rail systems,making it an important direction for the future development of high-speed rail technology.Design/methodology/approach–This paper elaborates on the demand and significance of developing high-speed maglev technology worldwide and examines the current status and technological maturity of several major high-speed maglev systems globally.Findings–This paper summarizes the challenges in the development of high-speed maglev railways in China.Based on this analysis,it puts forward considerations for future research on high-speed maglev railways.Originality/value–This paper describes the development status and technical maturity of several major high-speed maglev systems in the world for the first time,summarizes the existing problems in the development of China’s high-speed maglev railway and on this basis,puts forward the thinking of the next research of China’s high-speed maglev railway.

A study on aerodynamic noise characteristics of a high-speed maglev train with a speed of 600 km/h

Purpose–This study aims to explore the formation mechanism of aerodynamic noise of a high-speed maglev train and understand the characteristics of dipole and quadrupole sound sources of the maglev train at different speed levels.Design/methodology/approach–Based on large eddy simulation(LES)method and Kirchhoff–Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(K-FWH)equations,the characteristics of dipole and quadrupole sound sources of maglev trains at different speed levels were simulated and analyzed by constructing reasonable penetrable integral surface.Findings–The spatial disturbance resulting from the separation of the boundary layer in the streamlined area of the tail car is the source of aerodynamic sound of the maglev train.The dipole sources of the train are mainly distributed around the radio terminals of the head and tail cars of the maglev train,the bottom of the arms of the streamlined parts of the head and tail cars and the nose tip area of the streamlined part of the tail car,and the quadrupole sources are mainly distributed in the wake area.When the train runs at three speed levels of 400,500 and 600 km$h1,respectively,the radiated energy of quadrupole source is 62.4%,63.3%and 71.7%,respectively,which exceeds that of dipole sources.Originality/value–This study can help understand the aerodynamic noise characteristics generated by the high-speed maglev train and provide a reference for the optimization design of its aerodynamic shape.

Motion stability of high-speed maglev systems in consideration of aerodynamic effects: a study of a single magnetic suspension system

In this study, the intrinsic mechanism of aerodynamic effects on the motion stability of a high-speed maglev system was investigated. The concept of a critical speed for maglev vehicles considering the aerodynamic effect is proposed. The study was carried out based on a single magnetic suspension system, which is convenient for proposing relevant concepts and obtaining explicit expressions. This study shows that the motion stability of the suspension system is closely related to the vehicle speed when aerodynamic effects are considered. With increases of the vehicle speed, the stability behavior of the system changes. At a certain vehicle speed,the stability of the system reaches a critical state, followed by instability. The speed corresponding to the critical state is the critical speed. Analysis reveals that when the system reaches the critical state, it takes two forms, with two critical speeds, and thus two expressions for the critical speed are obtained. The conditions of the existence of the critical speed were determined, and the effects of the control parameters and the lift coefficient on the critical speed were analyzed by numerical analysis. The results show that the first critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is upward,and the second critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is downward. Moreover, both critical speeds decrease with the increase of the lift coefficient.

Coupling vibration analysis of high-speed maglev train-viaduct systems with control loop failure

The risk of failure of the control loop can occur when a high-speed maglev train runs on viaduct.Meanwhile,the failure of the levitation magnets which balances the gravity of the maglev train could cause the train collision with track.To study the dynamic response of the train and the viaduct when the levitation magnet control loop failure occurs,a high-speed maglev train-viaduct coupling model,which includes a maglev controller fitted by measured force-gap data and considers the actual structure of train and viaduct,is established.Then the accuracy and effectiveness of the established approach are validated by comparing the computed dynamic responses and frequencies with the measurement results.After that,the dynamic responses of maglev train and viaduct are discussed under normal operation and control loop failures,and the most disadvantageous combination of control loop failures is obtained.The results show that when a single control loop fails,it only has a great influence on the failed electromagnet,and the maglev response of adjacent electromagnets has no obvious change and no collision occurs.But there is a risk of rail collisions when the dual control loop fails.

Length optimization of straight line connecting turnout on main line in high-speed railway station yard

Taking the development of high-speed railway in China as background, and referring to the dynamic theory and wheel-rail contact mode, dynamic analysis model was established, considering the setting position of straight lines and running conditions of train in high-speed railway station yard. Using the established model, and choosing vehicle lateral acceleration and wheel suspension as the evaluation indexes, dynamic characteristic of vehicle traveling in turnout and adjacent area on main line was analyzed, and effects on travelling safety and stability of train aroused by length variation of straight lines were calculated based on analyzing the damping rules of vibration. The results show that, a certain length of straight lines can alleviate the vibration aroused in turnout and curve(turnout), length of straight lines connecting turnouts in different sections on main line was proposed to meet the demand of traveling stability, and shortening or cancelation of straight line for the scale limitation of station yard has less influence on operation safety of train.

Hierarchical model updating for high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled system based on multiobjective optimization

The high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled model is an essential simulation tool for investigating vehicle dynamics and mitigating coupled vibration.To improve its accuracy efficiently,this study investigated a hierarchical model updating method integrated with field measurements.First,a high-speed maglev vehicle/guideway coupled model,taking into account the real effect of guideway material properties and elastic restraint of bearings,was developed by integrating the finite element method,multi-body dynamics,and electromagnetic levitation control.Subsequently,simultaneous in-site measurements of the vehicle/guideway were conducted on a high-speed maglev test line to analyze the system response and structural modal parameters.During the hierarchical updating,an Elman neural network with the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method was used to substitute the FE guideway model,thus improving the computational efficiency.The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with the gray relational projection method was applied to hierarchically update the parameters of the guideway layer and magnetic force layer based on the measured modal parameters and the electromagnet vibration,respectively.Finally,the updated coupled model was compared with the field measurements,and the results demonstrated the model’s accuracy in simulating the actual dynamic response,validating the effectiveness of the updating method.

Multi-point Contact of the High-speed Vehicle-turnout System Dynamics

The wheel-rail contact problems, such as the number, location and the track of contact patches, are very important for optimizing the spatial structure of the rails and lowering the vehicle-turnout system dynamics. However, the above problems are not well solved currently because of having the difficulties in how to determine the multi-contact, to preciously present the changeable profiles of the rails and to establish an accurate spatial turnout system dynamics model. Based on a high-speed vehicle-turnout coupled model in which the track is modeled as flexible with rails and sleepers represented by beams, the line tracing extreme point method is introduced to investigate the wheel-rail multiple contact conditions and the key sections of the blade rail, longer nose rail, shorter rail in the switch and nose rail area are discretized to represent the varying profiles of rails in the turnout. The dynamic interaction between the vehicle and turnout is simulated for cases of the vehicle divergently passing the turnout and the multi-point contact is obtained. The tracks of the contact patches on the top of the rails are presented and the wheel-rail impact forces are offered in comparison with the contact patches transference on the rails. The numerical simulation results indicate that the length of two-point contact occurrence of a worn wheel profile and rails is longer than that of the new wheel profile and rails; The two-point contact definitely occurs in the switch and crossing area. Generally, three-point contact doesn’t occur for the new rail profile, which is testified by the wheel-rails interpolation distance and the first order derivative function of the tracing line extreme points. The presented research is not only helpful to optimize the structure of the turnout, but also useful to lower the dynamics of the high speed vehicle-turnout system.

AN ANALYSIS METHOD FOR HIGH-SPEED CIRCUIT SYSTEMS

A new method for analyzing high-speed circuit systems is presented. The method adds transmission line end currents to the circuit variables of the classical modified nodal approach. Then the matrix equation describing high-speed circuit system can be formulated directly and analyzed conveniently for its normative form. A time-domain analysis method for transmission lines is also introduced. The two methods are combined together to efficiently analyze high-speed circuit systems having general transmission lines. Numerical experiment is presented and the results are compared with that calculated by Hspice.

Minimizing crosstalk for high-speed and high-density bus systems using the sample-decision method

This paper presents a method based on a sample-decision(SD) circuit to suppress crosstalk and noise for a high-speed and high-density bus system.A method to count the number of times of SD for different length of transmission lines is presented and a bit error rates(BERs) formula is given by the SD circuit.It is shown that for long transmission line systems,multiple SD circuits can improve the BERs significantly.Circuits simulation for single SD method is also done,it is found that when the amplitude peak values of the superposed crosstalk and noise are less than half of the corresponding signal ones,they will be eliminated completely for the cases investigated.

常导高速磁浮工程试验线初期建设长度研究

研究目的:我国常导高速磁浮已具备推进工程化试验和示范运营线建设的条件,需要建设工程试验线对高速磁浮关键技术进行验证。本文从常导高速磁浮工程试验线初期试验需求入手,工程试验线建设初期不考虑乘坐舒适性,尽量采用较大的加减速度,在满足初期达速试验需求的前提下减少初期试验线建设长度,节省试验线初期工程投资。研究结论:(1)高速磁浮工程试验线主要是确认时速600 km时的各种性能及实用化目标的有关试验;(2)工程试验线初期建设长度需满足列车加减速运行最小距离及一定匀速运行距离要求,在国产时速600 km常导高速磁浮列车参数一定的情况下,加减速度主要取决于牵引变流器的额定电压及最大电流,通过供电系统匹配性仿真计算,车辆越轻,定子分段长度越短,可提供的车辆加速度越大,工程试验线初期建设长度越短;(3)本研究结论可为常导高速磁浮工程试验线的建设提供参考。

内嵌式中低速磁浮线路平面最小曲线半径

[目的]内嵌式中低速磁浮系统作为一种新型的轨道交通制式,其车辆及轨道系统依靠非接触式支撑运行,且车辆走行机构内嵌于轨道梁内,因此需针对其车线匹配原理、车辆和轨道梁结构特点,研究线路平面最小曲线半径取值,以支撑工程设计。[方法]介绍了内嵌式中低速磁浮系统的特点;介绍了平面最小曲线半径取值的基本原理;基于车辆行驶动力学理论,分析了内嵌式中低速磁浮线路的旅客舒适度标准及平面最小曲线半径取值。[结果及结论]在列车运行速度一定的情况下,平面最小曲线半径主要取决于横坡角允许值和未被平衡离心加速度允许值。在参考国内外其他轨道交通制式的试验结果、相关标准规定、传统中低速磁浮系统实际建设运营情况的基础上,建议最大横坡角不大于8°,最大未被平衡离心加速度在一般和困难情况下分别不大于0.4 m/s^(2)和0.6 m/s^(2)。当内嵌式中低速磁浮系统设计速度为200 km/h时,线路平面最小曲线半径一般和困难情况下分别可取为1800 m和1600 m。

预应力效应对中速磁浮线路简支梁车-桥耦合振动响应的影响

以长沙磁浮线路简支梁桥为研究对象,建立考虑不同预应力效应的磁浮线路简支梁桥车-桥耦合振动模型,分析预应力效应对中速磁浮线路车-桥耦合振动响应的影响。结果表明:预应力效应的变化对桥梁动力响应影响明显,预应力增加显著加剧桥梁竖向振动加速度,预应力由0.67P0(P0为张拉控制应力)增加到1.33P0时,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.21 m/s^(2)增至0.44 m/s^(2);车速增加会加剧预应力效应的影响,对桥梁竖向振动加速度的影响尤为明显,车速由20 km/h增加到200 km/h时,在1.00P0作用下,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.15 m/s^(2)增至0.76 m/s^(2);箱壁局部变形对车-桥耦合竖向振动响应有显著影响,预应力导致的箱壁局部变形不可忽略。

时速600公里高速磁浮正线线间距标准探讨

研究目的:线间距是确定线路选线的重要参数,受磁浮列车基本建筑限界、列车交会压力波和车辆动力学性能等因素影响。本文基于600 km/h高速磁浮超导电动悬浮研究需求,参考高速磁浮、高速铁路系统研究成果,从空气动力学性能、安全空间、磁场波动及工程造价等方面,展开针对超导电动悬浮线间距的研究并给出线间距参数建议值。研究结论:(1)基于空气动力学的数值模拟仿真分析得出,在明线段对车体表面交会压力波/气动力的影响大于隧道内交会的影响;(2)线间距5.4~6.0 m对应会车列车横移量均小于U形梁侧壁导向间隙64 mm,满足侧壁导向间隙要求;(3)线间距5.8 m更有利于节省工程投资及降低车辆造价,并满足超导磁体运动磁场波动分布要求;(4)本研究成果可为高速磁浮项目工程线路设计提供参考。

高速及超高速磁悬浮线路平面设计参数研究

超高速磁悬浮作为一种新兴的交通工具,正在逐步从理论研究向试验验证阶段发展。本文从磁悬浮轨道交通的原理和特点等方面出发,对比分析了高速磁悬浮和超高速磁悬浮交通的制式差异和线路平面参数取值差异,并且用动力学仿真手段对其进行了验证。首先,从高速磁悬浮现行规范和超高速磁悬浮研究资料出发,分析了最小曲线半径和最小缓和曲线长度的影响因素和计算方法,得到不同速度下的平面参数取值;随后,运用车辆-线路系统动力学仿真手段计算了动力学指标与曲线半径和缓和曲线长度的关系。研究结果表明:超高速磁悬浮设计速度为1000 km/h时,最小圆曲线半径取18800 m、最小缓和曲线长度取1340 m较为合理。

中低速磁浮线信号系统测速方案分析

中低速磁悬浮车辆和轨道构造与普通轮轨交通系统存在本质差异,传统的测速方案不再适用于中低速磁悬浮交通系统,需要重新构建新型测速方式,对中低速磁浮线信号系统五种测速方式的测速原理、测速精度、工程运用、工程造价等进行分析,提出中低速磁浮线信号系统测速合理化建议。

沪杭高速磁浮通道线路方案研究

以沪杭高速磁浮通道线路技术方案研究为目的,通过详细分析我国目前高速磁浮轨道交通研究现状,深入阐述了沪杭高速磁浮通道规划背景。根据高速磁浮轨道交通的特点,提出高速磁浮通道规划的基本原则;依据高速磁浮轨道交通标准,对高速磁浮轨道交通的平纵断面技术参数进行详细研究。结合平纵断面主要技术参数和沪杭通道经济据点的分布情况,重点研究沪杭高速磁浮通道在嘉兴地区的走向方案和线路与京杭大运河交叉段落局部方案,并对方案进行综合分析与比较。根据方案的不同特点,结合工程投资、工程可实施性、城市规划等因素提出走向方案和局部方案的推荐意见。研究表明,高速磁浮轨道交通平纵断面的技术参数要求较高,对线路方案的影响较大;同时,沪杭高速磁浮通道在嘉兴地区应优先选择嘉兴北方案,采用隧道形式穿越京杭大运河交叉段落。

Development of new electromagnetic suspension-based high-speed Maglev vehicles in China:Historical and recent progress in the field of dynamical simulation

High-speed Maglev is a cutting-edge technology brought back into the focus of research by plans of the Chinese government for the development of a new 600 km/h Maglev train.A Chinese‐German cooperation with industrial and academic partners has been established to pursue this ambitious goal and bring together experts from multiple disciplines.This contribution presents the joint work and achievements of CRRC Qingdao Sifang,thyssenkrupp Transrapid,CDFEB,and the ITM of the University of Stuttgart,regarding research and development in the field of high‐speed Maglev systems.Furthermore,an overview is given of the historical development of the Transrapid in Germany,the associated development of dynamical simulation models,and recent developments regarding high-speed Maglev trains in China.

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of high-speed maglev train suspension system with partial actuator failure: design and experiments

High-speed maglev trains will play an important role in the high-speed transportation system in the near future.However,under the conditions of strong magnetic fields and continuous operation,the actuators of the high-speed maglev train suspension system are prone to lose partial effectiveness,which makes the suspension control problem challenging.In addition,most existing fault-tolerant control(FTC)methods for suspension systems require linearization around the equilibrium points during the controller design or stability analysis.Therefore,from a practical perspective,this study presents a novel nonlinear FTC strategy with adaptive compensation for high-speed maglev train suspension systems.First,a nonlinear dynamic model of the suspension system based on join-structure is established and the actuator failures are described.Then,a nonlinear fault-tolerant suspension control law with an adaptive update law is designed to achieve stable suspension against partial actuator failure.The Lyapunov theory and extended Barbalat lemma are utilized to rigorously prove the closed-loop asymptotic stability even if there is partial actuator failure,without any approximation to the original nonlinear dynamics.Finally,hardware experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.