Optimization Design of High-speed Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with High Torque Performance Based on Multiple Surrogate Models

In order to obtain better torque performance of high-speed interior permanent magnet motor(HSIPMM) and solve the problem that electromagnetic optimization design is seriously limited by its mechanical strength, a complete optimization design method is proposed in this paper. The object of optimization design is a 15 kW、20000 r/min HSIPMM whose permanent magnets in rotor is segmented. Eight structural dimensions are selected as its optimization variables. After design of experiment(DOE), multiple surrogate models are fitted, a set of surrogate models with minimum error is selected by using error evaluation indexes to optimize, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to get the optimal solution. The optimal solution is verified by load test on a 15 kW, 20000 r/min HSIPMM prototype. This paper can be used as a reference for the optimization design of HSIPMM.

VERTICAL NONCONTACT POSITIONING H_∞ ROBUST CONTROL FOR MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED SURFACE MOTOR

To fulfill the stringent requirement, super-precision positioning and ultra cleanness, a surface motor with the integrated chip fabrication equipment is constructed by using permanent magnets and electromagnet coils as primary actuating components. It consists of stator and mover, and the mover is isolated from the stator by the magnetic beating. The magnetic bearing in the stator is composed of eight air core electromagnet coils, the propulsion in the stator is composed of iron core and electromagnetic coils, and the mover is composed of NdFeB permanent magnets and levitated stage. Based on Lorentz law, some parameters, including permanent magnets dimensions, currents and levitation height, which may affect the stability, are analyzed and optimized. To improve the positioning accuracy in the vertical direction of the magnetic levitation surface motor, a robust controller is proposed using H∞ mixed sensitivity control theory. The simulation results show that by choosing appropriate weight functions, the controller can ensure the robustness of the closed loop system under the presence of uncertainties, and the H∞ robust controller is excellent for reducing steady error and increasing response speed.

Analysis of Temperature Rise in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction Motors by Coupling the Equivalent Thermal Circuit Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics

To solve the problem of temperature rise caused by the high power density of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous traction motors,the temperature rise of various components in the motor is analyzed by coupling the equivalent thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics.Also,a cooling strategy is proposed to solve the problem of temperature rise,which is expected to prolong the service life of these devices.First,the theoretical bases of the approaches used to study heat transfer and fluid mechanics are discussed,then the fluid flow for the considered motor is analyzed,and the equivalent thermal circuit method is introduced for the calculation of the temperature rise.Finally,the stator,rotor loss,motor temperature rise,and the proposed cooling method are also explored through experiments.According to the results,the stator temperature at 50,000 r/min and 60,000 r/min at no-load operation is 68℃ and 76℃,respectively.By monitoring the temperature of the air outlets inside and outside the motor at different speeds,it is also found that the motor reaches a stable temperature rise after 65 min of operation.Coupling of the thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics is a strategy that can provide the average temperature rise of each component and can also comprehensively calculate the temperature of each local point.We conclude that a hybrid cooling strategy based on axial air cooling of the inner air duct of the motor and water cooling of the stator can meet the design requirements for the ventilation and cooling of this type of motors.

The Slot Number and Air-Gap Effect on Performance of the High-Speed Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor

This paper describes the key issues of high-speed brushless permanent magnet motor design, such as rotor design, stator design, and determination of the main dimensions, and the overall design process was given. In this paper, a two-pole three-phase high-speed brushless PM （permanent magnet） motor with ratings air-gap length and stator slot number on the motor performance of 7.5 kW, 30,000 rpm is designed, and the effect of the different was analyzed. The results show that larger number of stator slot decreases the rotor loss and the rotor torque ripple. Larger air-gap length decreases the rotor loss.

A Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive for HTS Maglev Transportation Systems

A permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） for a high temperature superconducting （HTS） maglev system has been studied, including the motor structure, control strategy, and analysis techniques. Finite element analysis （FEA） of magnetic field is conducted to accurately calculate major motor parameters. Equivalent electrical circuit is used to predict the drive＇s steady-state characteristics, and a phase variable model is applied to predict the dynamic performance. Preliminary experiment with a prototype has been made to verify the theoretical analysis and the HTS-PM synchronous driving technology.

UAQ4 Magnetic Levitating Train： Propulsion System for Urban Transportation

This paper discusses the design of the propulsion system of the UAQ4 （University of L＇Aquila, model 4） magnetic levitating train which is used for transportation applications in urban environments. UAQ4 is the only magnetic levitating vehicle with resistance motion, except for aerodynamic drag and with energy consumption near zero at low speed. The feasibility of the system has been successfully verified and tested in the laboratory. Propulsion and braking are provided by a novel direct-current linear stepper motor, with the primary formed by permanent magnets distributed on central beam of the track, and the secondary by coils on board the vehicle, instead of the present alternate current linear motors that have well-known disadvantages. The motor working principles are described, and its performances are analyzed, by a finite element numerical model which allows modifying the most important parameters of the system. The main components of a full scale motor for urban transportation are measured and discussed.

Development progress of China's 600 km/h high-speed magnetic levitation train

1outline Launched in 2016 with a focus on the key technologies relatedtohigh-speed magnetic levitation,China's 600 km/h high-speed maglev train project has provided a number of engineering breakthroughs.Focusing on the development process of China's high-speed maglev system,this paper provides a description ofits development history,the innovations achieved,and the capabilities formed throughout the project.The paper commences by introducing the performance and technical innovation of thehigh-speedmaglevsystem interms of aerodynamic design,system dynamics,system energy consumption,vibration and noise reduction,and electromagnetic compatibility,among others.

A sensorless efficiency test system for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor

We present a sensorless efficiency test system with energy recovery for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). In the system, two identical high-speed PMSMs are used as the motor under test(MUT)and the load machine(LM),respectively.A new sensorless vector control(VC) method based on a hypothetical reference frame is presented to control both the MUT and the LM.Also,a regenerating unit is used to implement energy circulation to save energy.Experiments were carried out on a prototype, with a digital controller based on the TMS320 F28335, to verify the adequacy of the sensorless VC method.As a result,the efficiency test system achieves the load test at the speed of 21000 r/min without any reduction equipment. During the test, the energy regenerated by the LM could be fed back to the MUT by the regenerating unit, and 81.31% electrical power was saved.In addition, with the proposed sensorless VC method,both the MUT and the LM can work at i_d = 0 without a position sensor.

Two Different Role Division Control Strategies for Torque and Axial Force of Conical Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

Although the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation system composed of two conical bearingless switched reluctance motors(CBSRMs)owns the simplest structure,the torque and levitation forces are coupled greatly.Therefore,it is difficult to make the rotor rotate and be fully levitated simultaneously.To solve this problem,two different role division control strategies are proposed in this paper,i.e.individual role division and mutual role division control strategies.The difference between them is the selection of motor which controls the torque or the axial force.In order to understand the characteristics of control variables,the principle and mathematical model of CBSRM are introduced.After that,two control strategies are explained in detail.To verify the demonstrated performance,the simulations are completed with MATLAB/Simulink.

机床直线同步电机理想控制器设计及仿真分析

将非线性磁悬浮系统作为研究对象,建立合适的误差函数,在逼近过程中合理利用RBF神经网络,制定自适应律,该控制方法能够大大加强整个系统的抗干扰性。并开展仿真研究。突加负载下,NNDAC控制恢复所需的时间为0.068、动态降落为1.2×10^(-5)m;相较于SMC和PID控制恢复速度依次提升38.2%、77.3%,动态降落依次下降64.7%、76%NNDAC有效降低悬浮高度的变化幅度,增强其抗干扰性。模拟端部效应扰动下,NNDAC控制曲线几乎没有任何波动,且相较于SMC和PID控制其动态降落分别减小85.7%与95%,NNDAC控制有利于平缓气隙高度的波动,加强系统的抗干扰性。

基于粒子群算法的传感器设计与磁悬浮应用

基于磁悬浮控制系统亟待一种体积更小、成本更低的位移传感器,研究了以电涡流传感器为原理的横向磁通传感器。基于该传感器的工作原理分析,采用粒子群算法设计了传感器的激励线圈与感应线圈参数,简化了横向磁通传感器的设计过程。所研制出的位移传感器灵敏度为7.2 V/mm,线性度为1.7%,可检测范围为±0.5 mm。将该传感器应用在一台磁悬浮永磁同步电机系统中,在电机转速20000 r/min时,高速磁悬浮转子仍保持稳定运行,且无论在稳态还是动态工况下,本文研制的横向磁通传感器均能满足磁悬浮电机位移检测和悬浮控制的要求,达到同类产品的控制效果。

计及悬浮系统影响的高速磁浮直线同步电机建模方法

为提高高速磁浮直线同步电机模型精度,基于电磁铁模块磁共能重构,提出一种计及悬浮系统影响的分布参数建模方法.首先,建立高速磁浮列车电磁铁模块的有限元模型,利用有限元数值分析获取电磁铁模块在不同工况下的磁共能数据,通过对磁共能进行傅里叶级数展开及多项式拟合构建磁共能的解析模型;其次,根据磁共能解析模型推导电磁铁模块的磁链、电压和推力方程;然后,根据列车编组数量和电磁铁模块数量分别建立左右两侧直线同步电机的数学模型,并通过运动学方程计算高速磁浮列车位置和速度;最后,通过硬件在环仿真系统进行实验验证.试验结果表明:本文所提建模方法与传统建模方法相比,推力波动幅值增加超过6.8%;并且所提方法可以准确表征悬浮系统对牵引控制的影响,当励磁电流谐波幅值增加0.5、1.0、2.0 A时,推力波动幅值分别最大增加54.3%、26.2%、83.7%;当励磁电流谐波频率为5、10、20 Hz时,推力的谐波频率最大达到5.14%,21.75%和14.17%.

高速磁悬浮电机三段式转子动力学分析研究

为解决高速磁悬浮电机三段式转子的动力学分析问题,基于Workbench有限元仿真平台完成了三段式转子建模、模态振型计算、坎贝尔图求解、不平衡响应分析。总结讨论了关键因素对三段式转子的动力学特性的影响规律,并通过模态试验对转子建模的合理性进行了验证。仿真结果与实验结果误差在5%,证明了建模及分析方法的可靠性,为应用在高速磁悬浮电机上同类转子的进一步优化设计和不平衡响应抑制提供理论参考。

数控机床磁悬浮直线同步电动机混合H_(2)/H_(∞)鲁棒控制器设计

针对数控机床磁悬浮直线同步电动机控制系统,提出混合H_(2)/H_(∞)鲁棒控制。首先,考虑不确定H_(∞)扰动以及端部效应等因素建立数控机床磁悬浮直线同步电动机的数学模型。其次,将鲁棒H_(∞)控制与线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)相结合,设计一种基于LMI的鲁棒H_(2)/H_(∞)控制器。再次,为提高系统的动态性能,设计基于LMI的混合鲁棒控制器。最后,仿真H_(2)/H_(∞)结果证明在保证系统鲁棒稳定的前提下,混合鲁棒控制可有效提高系统的收敛速度和响应灵敏度。

Development of new electromagnetic suspension-based high-speed Maglev vehicles in China:Historical and recent progress in the field of dynamical simulation

High-speed Maglev is a cutting-edge technology brought back into the focus of research by plans of the Chinese government for the development of a new 600 km/h Maglev train.A Chinese‐German cooperation with industrial and academic partners has been established to pursue this ambitious goal and bring together experts from multiple disciplines.This contribution presents the joint work and achievements of CRRC Qingdao Sifang,thyssenkrupp Transrapid,CDFEB,and the ITM of the University of Stuttgart,regarding research and development in the field of high‐speed Maglev systems.Furthermore,an overview is given of the historical development of the Transrapid in Germany,the associated development of dynamical simulation models,and recent developments regarding high-speed Maglev trains in China.

基于RBF神经网络的直线磁悬浮同步电动机控制优化

选择数控机床进给控制系统的励磁直线电机作为研究对象,并根据该系统运行机制构建数学模型,设置误差函数以及RBF神经网络来实现逼近控制,通过自适应律验证了系统运行的稳定性,并开展仿真分析。空载启动下,RBF控制达到了最快的响应速率,经过0.17 s就进入制定悬浮高度处,与PID和SMC控制相比调节效率依次提升42.2%和24.1%。突加负载下,RBF控制悬浮气隙高度下降5.0×10^(-5) m,经过0.065 s恢复到原先状态,相对之前PID和SMC控制,动态降落显著减小,恢复时间也明显缩短。端部扰动下,RBF控制形成基本稳定响应,有助于获得更加稳定的气隙高度,使控制系统对端部效应起到明显抵抗作用。经测试可知:采用本控制策略能够实现系统抗干扰性能的显著提升。

无轴承异步电机研究与实现

对无轴承异步电机中悬浮力产生原理 ,以及如何实现电枢转矩和悬浮力解耦控制的工作原理做了简要介绍 ,并提出了以功能强大的高速数字信号处理器 (TMS3 2 0F2 40 )为控制核心的数模混合控制电路。对原理样机的悬浮实验分析表明 ,提出的悬浮系统能够在稳速和变速过程中满足悬浮要求 ,并且转轴的径向位移不超过 5 0 μm。

无轴承永磁同步电动机的原理及实现

无轴承永磁同步电动机是将无轴承技术运用到永磁同步电动机上的新型无轴承电动机。本文阐述了永磁同步电动机无轴承技术的工作原理,设计和实现了该电动机基于 LF2407A 数字控制的硬件实验平台和软件系统。通过对整个无轴承永磁同步电动机系统的实验调试,成功实现了无轴承永磁同步电动机转轴的稳定悬浮。

微电子制造领域的磁悬浮精密定位平台的结构设计研究

利用磁悬浮技术将铁磁性平台悬浮在磁场中 ,通过线性电机无接触驱动 ,结合控制技术实现平台的快速精密定位。合理的设计将悬浮力和导向力两个磁悬浮系统合二为一 ,即结构简单 ,控制容易又能获得精确的导向精度。选用线性同步电机 ,避免了感应电机磁场感应所产生的法向力对平台的振动作用 ,有利于悬浮系统的控制。悬浮系统无接触 ,无摩擦 ,克服了磨损、金属粉尘及油脂污染等问题 ;无接触线性驱动减少了机械联结件 ,消除了联结间隙 ,减轻了重量 ,能有效提高动态响应频率和定位精度 ;这些使定位平台能够满足现代信息产业对超洁净制作环境和高精度。

新型交替极无轴承永磁电机的原理与实现

传统永磁型无轴承电机悬浮力和转矩控制存在耦合,该文对一种新型交替极转子结构的无轴承永磁电机的磁悬浮原理进行了深入分析和数学建模,指出该类型电机所具有的独特的悬浮控制和转矩控制解耦的特点,并构建了无轴承交替极永磁电机的实时控制系统。实验结果表明实现了该新型无轴承永磁电机的动、静态稳定悬浮,验证了悬浮与转矩控制解耦的特性。