The Slot Number and Air-Gap Effect on Performance of the High-Speed Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor

This paper describes the key issues of high-speed brushless permanent magnet motor design, such as rotor design, stator design, and determination of the main dimensions, and the overall design process was given. In this paper, a two-pole three-phase high-speed brushless PM （permanent magnet） motor with ratings air-gap length and stator slot number on the motor performance of 7.5 kW, 30,000 rpm is designed, and the effect of the different was analyzed. The results show that larger number of stator slot decreases the rotor loss and the rotor torque ripple. Larger air-gap length decreases the rotor loss.

Optimization Design of High-speed Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with High Torque Performance Based on Multiple Surrogate Models

In order to obtain better torque performance of high-speed interior permanent magnet motor(HSIPMM) and solve the problem that electromagnetic optimization design is seriously limited by its mechanical strength, a complete optimization design method is proposed in this paper. The object of optimization design is a 15 kW、20000 r/min HSIPMM whose permanent magnets in rotor is segmented. Eight structural dimensions are selected as its optimization variables. After design of experiment(DOE), multiple surrogate models are fitted, a set of surrogate models with minimum error is selected by using error evaluation indexes to optimize, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to get the optimal solution. The optimal solution is verified by load test on a 15 kW, 20000 r/min HSIPMM prototype. This paper can be used as a reference for the optimization design of HSIPMM.

Analysis of Temperature Rise in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Traction Motors by Coupling the Equivalent Thermal Circuit Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics

To solve the problem of temperature rise caused by the high power density of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous traction motors,the temperature rise of various components in the motor is analyzed by coupling the equivalent thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics.Also,a cooling strategy is proposed to solve the problem of temperature rise,which is expected to prolong the service life of these devices.First,the theoretical bases of the approaches used to study heat transfer and fluid mechanics are discussed,then the fluid flow for the considered motor is analyzed,and the equivalent thermal circuit method is introduced for the calculation of the temperature rise.Finally,the stator,rotor loss,motor temperature rise,and the proposed cooling method are also explored through experiments.According to the results,the stator temperature at 50,000 r/min and 60,000 r/min at no-load operation is 68℃ and 76℃,respectively.By monitoring the temperature of the air outlets inside and outside the motor at different speeds,it is also found that the motor reaches a stable temperature rise after 65 min of operation.Coupling of the thermal circuit method and computational fluid dynamics is a strategy that can provide the average temperature rise of each component and can also comprehensively calculate the temperature of each local point.We conclude that a hybrid cooling strategy based on axial air cooling of the inner air duct of the motor and water cooling of the stator can meet the design requirements for the ventilation and cooling of this type of motors.

Analysis of Torque Ripple of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor

Torque tripple has significant effect on performance of permanent magnet brushless DC motor. This paper presents a mathematical model built for such a motor, the analysis of torque tripple for a brushless DC motor with sinusoidal flux distribution, which is verified by torque tripple experiments run with a test motor, and equations developed for torque tripple resulting from different sator current errors.

Temperature Research of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Electric Balanced Vehicle

A power system structure composed of a brushless DC motor and a cycloidal reducer for electric balanced vehicle has been proposed, and the temperature of important components in this structure would be discussed. The loss generated by the cycloid reducer is negligible, it’s only need to analyze the thermal field of motor. Since the temperature change will affect the material properties of the target motor, the electromagnetic and temperature fields, involved in the motor, are selected for coupling calculation to determine whether the final temperature distribution can meet the requirements of vehicle for use.

Simplified EKF Based Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Drives

A simplified extended Kalman filter (EKF) based sensorless direct torque control technique for a permanent magnet brushless AC drive is proposed. Its performance is compared with that obtained with other sensorless methods for estimating the rotor speed and position from a stator flux-linkage. Since the EKF has an inherently adaptive filtering capability and does not introduce phase delay, the technique provides better speed estimates. In addition, the technique is easy to implement and requires minimal computation.

Cooling System Design Optimization of an Enclosed PM Traction Motor for Subway Propulsion Systems

This paper presents the design optimization of a self-circulated ventilation system for an enclosed permanent magnet(PM)traction motor utilized in the propulsion systems for subway trains.In order to analyze accurately the machine's inherent cooling capacity when the train is running,the ambient airflow and the related heat transfer coefficient(HTC)are numerically investigated considering synchronously the bogie installation structure.The machine is preliminary cooled with air ducts set on the motor shell,and the fluidic-thermal field distributions with only the shell air duct cooling are numerically calculated.During simulations,the HTC obtained in the former steps is applied to the external surface of the machine to model the inherent cooling characteristic caused by the train movement.To reduce the temperature rise and thus guarantee the motor's working reliability,an internal self-circulated air cooling system is proposed according to the machine temperature distribution.The air enclosed in the end-caps is driven by the blades mounted on both sides of the rotor core and forms two air circuits to bring the excessive power losses generated in the heating components to cool regions.The fluid flow and temperature rise distributions of the cooling system's structural parameters are further improved by the Taguchi method in order to confirm the efficacy of the internal air cooling system.

Design optimization of a slotless PM brushless motor with helical edge wound laminations for rim driven thrusters

This paper discusses the analysis and design of a very thin slotless permanent magnet （PM） brushless motor whose stator laminations are manufactured from a single strip of steel that is edge wound into a spiral （like a ＂Slinky＂） and then fitted over the windings that are preformed on the outside surface of a non-conducting former. Analytical and finite element analysis （FEA） are used to determine the con- strained optimum dimensions of a motor used to drive a rim driven thruster in which the motor rotor is fit- ted onto the rim of the propeller and the stator is encapsulated in the thin Kort nozzle of the thruster. The paper describes the fabrication of a demonstrator motor and presents experimental results to validate the theoretical calculations. Experimental motor performance results are also reported and compared with those of a slotted motor that fits within the same active radial dimensions as the slotless motor. The slotless motor, which has longer active length and endwindings, and thicker magnets than the slotted motor, was found to be less efficient and more expensive （prototype cost） than the slotted machine.

Six-step Voltage Control of PM Brushless AC Motors under High Speed Flux-weakening Operation for EV/HEV Applications

The torque-speed characteristics of brushless motor having an interior permanent magnet rotor and a sinusoidal back-emf waveform are compared experimentally when it is operated in brushless AC(BLAC) mode and brushless DC (BLDC) modes with both 2-phase,120° conduction(BLDC-120) and 3-phase,180° conduction(BLDC-180).Particular emphasis is on high-speed,six-step voltage controlled,flux-weakening operation.It is shown that for EV/HEV applications,even for interior PM brushless motors which have sinusoidal back-emf waveforms,in order to achieve maximum torque per ampere capability over wide operation speed range,it is advantageous to employ a hybrid operation mode-BLAC operation in the constant torque region and six-step voltage control(BLDC-180 operation,together with current phase control) in the flux-weakening region.

A sensorless efficiency test system for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor

We present a sensorless efficiency test system with energy recovery for a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). In the system, two identical high-speed PMSMs are used as the motor under test(MUT)and the load machine(LM),respectively.A new sensorless vector control(VC) method based on a hypothetical reference frame is presented to control both the MUT and the LM.Also,a regenerating unit is used to implement energy circulation to save energy.Experiments were carried out on a prototype, with a digital controller based on the TMS320 F28335, to verify the adequacy of the sensorless VC method.As a result,the efficiency test system achieves the load test at the speed of 21000 r/min without any reduction equipment. During the test, the energy regenerated by the LM could be fed back to the MUT by the regenerating unit, and 81.31% electrical power was saved.In addition, with the proposed sensorless VC method,both the MUT and the LM can work at i_d = 0 without a position sensor.

Improved Sensorless Operation of Interior PM BLAC Motor Drives with Reduced-Order EKF

It is a challenge to realise an EKF-based sensorless controller for an Interior Permanent Magnet （IPM） brushless ac motor drive due to the influence of nomlinearities and rotor saliency. An improved reduced-order EKF method is presented, reducing the rotor position estimation error of an IPM motor, as evident in [1] due to the neglect of saliency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally.

永磁电机系统中冗余结构逆变器的可靠性分析对比研究

基于马尔可夫模型和可靠性框图模型,对永磁电机系统中并联冗余和备用冗余两种结构的逆变器在零件层面和系统层面进行可靠性分析,得到这两种结构逆变器的可靠性函数和平均无故障时间函数。首先,通过对比来确定判断何种冗余结构具有更高可靠性的边界条件函数。其次,分析边界条件函数随各参数的变化情况以及对冗余结构可靠性的影响,包括环境温度、电流、热阻抗和容错处理机制的成功率。然后,建立N相冗余逆变器的可靠性函数,并给出高可靠冗余结构中并联支路数和备用支路数量的确定方法。最后,以三相永磁电机逆变器为例,通过仿真和实验验证边界条件函数的准确性。

车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真研究

永磁无刷直流电动机的转矩与转速会对电机的控制精度造成影响,导致电机弱磁控制效果差。为了提升整体控制性能,提出车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真方法。分析车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁转矩特性,获取电机电磁转矩关系。根据获取结果建立永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制系统,利用该系统控制电机弱磁的电磁转矩与运行效率,以此实现整体控制。实验结果表明,通过对所提方法开展电机运行效率测试、电机运行稳定性测试,验证了上述方法的有效性。

微型永磁无刷直流电机的设计与优化

对一款航空用微型永磁无刷直流电机进行了设计,永磁体选用钐钴进行Halbach阵列充磁,并对电机的部分参数进行了优化,与原方案相比,优化了电机的输出转矩。制作了一款实物样机,通过对样机的测试,验证了优化的可行性。

基于混合导通的PMBLDC步进传动定位控制系统设计

本文在传统混合导通基础上提出了一种新的步进定位控制理论,并将其应用于以永磁无刷直流电机为控制对象的伺服系统场合,进行理论分析与仿真研究。以ds PIC为控制核心器件,进行了试验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,应用该步进控制理论的PMBLDC伺服系统具有良好的速度与位置可控性,能够满足现代工业对伺服系统的高要求。同时,本文的研究结果也为PMBLDC在高性能控制场合下的应用提供了参考。

鱼雷PMBLDCM在线智能PID控制器建模与仿真

针对应用于新型鱼雷武器中的永磁无刷直流电机(PMBLDCM)转矩脉动较大引起的噪声和振动等问题,设计了离线训练与在线训练相结合的智能比例积分微分(PID)控制器。首先,通过分析被控对象负载扰动大的特点,利用人工神经网络建立了自校正调节器,将其与传统的PID控制器相结合,通过在线调节PID参数以达到最优的控制效果;其次,在Simulink中搭建了在线智能PID控制系统模型并进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明,在线智能PID控制器具有较好的适应性和鲁棒性,系统具有良好的动态响应性能。

PMSM驱动系统位置传感器偏转故障的诊断与容错

电动汽车驱动用的永磁同步电机系统,由于经常工作在振动等恶劣环境,其传感器容易出现偏转而造成故障。针对这个问题提出了一种在线监测传感器偏转故障和实时容错的方法。该方法根据电机驱动系统输入功率与输出功率之间的关系选取故障特征量,并通过此故障特征量来检测转角误差,同时利用转角与故障特征量之间的关系对误差角度进行估算,以使电机容错运行。对该方法进行了仿真验证,并证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于Cuk变换器的永磁记忆电机调磁控制

针对永磁记忆电机(permanent magnet memory motor,PM-MM)调磁控制中存在的电压限制问题,提出一种基于Cuk变换器的控制策略。首先分析随着PM-MM调磁速度的增加,电压限制问题对系统稳定性的影响;在此基础上利用Cuk变换器的原理,结合PM-MM的数学模型,针对调磁过程中的电压限制问题,提出了一种基于Cuk变换器的PM-MM调磁控制策略,并以一台20 kW的PM-MM为被控对象进行仿真研究。结果表明:所提策略能有效补偿电机调磁过程中所需的电压,大幅抑制了充磁过程中的转矩及转速的波动,提高了系统的稳定性。

单相无刷直流圆筒直线电动机及其起动推力研究

提出了一种单相无刷直流圆筒型直线电动机(SPBLDC-TLM),利用有限元方法对其电磁性能进行了分析。与三相无刷直流圆筒型直线电机对比,SPBLDC-TLM具有推力峰值大、结构简单以及成本低等优点。针对SPBLDC-TLM起动推力为零的问题,提出了斜齿和高低齿两种非对称齿结构,对比分析了两种齿结构不对称度对起动推力以及推力峰值的影响规律,为SPBLDC-TLM的起动性能优化提供了参考。结果表明,斜齿结构不对称度对起动推力影响较小,而高低齿不对称度的增大可以显著增加起动推力。采用有限元法和MATLAB软件,验证了两种非对称齿结构的有效性。

线控转向电机自抗扰伺服控制系统研究

选择永磁同步电机作为转向电机,研究基于自抗扰控制器的电机伺服控制技术。首先,对永磁同步电机在旋转交直轴坐标系下的数学模型进行介绍,选择转子磁场定向矢量控制策略。其次,将电机位置、速度环整合,设计了一个二阶自抗扰控制器,减少电机内外扰动的影响,抗干扰能力较PID控制器有较大提升。针对二阶自抗扰控制参数众多、调节困难的问题,利用模糊算法对自抗扰控制器的非线性状态反馈控制器参数进行优化,设计了永磁同步电机伺服控制系统位置速度模糊自抗扰控制器。最后,在Simulink中搭建电机控制模型并进行仿真分析,验证本文中控制策略以及算法优越性。