Development of 16-channels Compact EEG System Using Real-time High-speed Wireless Transmission

For the convenience of people with disability and for normal people, a demand for intelligent interfaces is ever increasing and therefore related studies are actively being conducted. Recently a study is being conducted to develop an interface through face expression, movement of the body and eye movements, and further more active attempts to use electrical signals(brainwave, electrocardiogram, electromyogram) measured from the human body is also actively being progressed. In addition, the development and the usage of mobile devices and smart devices are promoting these research activities even more. The brainwave is measured by electrical activities between nerve cells in the cerebral cortex using scalp electrodes. The brainwave is mainly used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, encephalitis, brain tumors and brain damage. As a result, the brainwave measurement methods and analytical methods were developed. Interface using the brainwave will not go through language or body behavior which is the result of the information processed by the brain but will pass directly to the system providing a brain-computer interface (BCI). This is possible because a variety of the brainwave appears depending on the human’s physical and mental state. Using the brainwave with the intelligent brain-computer interface or combining it with mobile devices and smart devices, regardless of space constraints, the brainwave measurement should be possible.[4,7] In this study, in order to measure the brainwave without spatial constraint, 16 channel compact brainwave measurements system using a high-speed wireless communications were designed. It was designed with a 16 channel to classify the various brainwave patterns that appear and for estimating the location of the nerve cells that triggered the brainwave. And in order to transmit the brainwave data within the channel without loss, a high-speed wireless communication must be possible that can enable a high-speed wireless transmission more sufficient than the Bluetooth, therefore, 802.11 compliant Wi-Fi communication methods were used to transfer the data to the PC. In addition, by using an analog front-end IC having a single-chip configuration with real-time digital filters, the miniaturization of the system was implemented and in order to verify the system Eye-blocking was used to observe the changes in the EEG signal.

Increase of brightness and transmission efficiency in fiat panel display through serial synchronous scanning mode with double buffers

This paper presents a serial synchronous scanning mode in fiat panel display （FPD） by adding a latch buffer between the serializer and the driving buffer. Comparing with conventional techniques, the proposed structure can efficiently reduce the brightness loss and improve the transmission performance. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the ratio between the lightest weight display time and the relative transmission time is a tradeoff between brightness loss and transmission efficiency.

ANALYSIS OF MULTI-TONE INTERFERENCE SUPPKESSION IN HF SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systemsis analyzed.Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of theadaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtained.The rate of convergence of equalizer indicatethat the equalizer in HF serial system can not only track the rapid variation of HF channel butalso suppress the multi-tone interferences perfectly.

Analysis of vibration and frequency transmission of high speed EMU with flexible model

When the operation speed of the high-speed train increases and the weight of the carbody becomes lighter,not only does the sensitivity of the wheel/rail contact get higher,but also the vibration frequency range of the vehicle system gets enlarged and more frequencies are transmitted from the wheelset to the carbody.It is important to investigate the vibration characteristics and the dynamic frequency transmission from the wheel/rail interface to the carbody of the high-speed electric multi-uint（EMU）.An elastic highspeed vehicle dynamics model is established in which the carbody,bogieframes,and wheelsets are all dealt with as flexible body.A rigid high-speed vehicle dynamics model is set up to compare with the simulation results of the elastic model.In the rigid vehicle model,the carbody,bogieframes and wheelsets are treated as rigid component while the suspension and structure parameters are the same as used in the elastic model.The dynamic characteristic of the elastic high speed vehicle is investigated in time and frequency domains and the di ff erence of the acceleration,frequency distribution and transmission of the two types of models are presented.The results show that the spectrum power density of the vehicle decreases from the wheelset to the carbody and the acceleration transmission ratio is approximately from 1%to 10%for each suspension system.The frequency of the wheelset rotation is evident in the vibration of the flexible model and is transmitted from the wheelset to the bogieframe and to thecarbody.The results of the flexible model are more reasonable than that of the rigid model.A field test data of the high speed train are presented to verify the simulation results.It shows that the simulation results are coincident with the field test data.

Sensitivity analysis of distributed parameter elements in high-speed circuit networks

This paper presents an analysis method, based on MacCormack＇s technique, for the evaluation of the time domain sensitivity of distributed parameter elements in high-speed circuit networks. Sensitivities can be calculated from electrical and physical parameters of the distributed parameter elements. The proposed method is a direct numerical method of time-space discretization and does not require complicated mathematical deductive process. Therefore, it is very convenient to program this method. It can be applied to sensitivity analysis of general transmission lines in linear or nonlinear circuit networks. The proposed method is second-order-accurate. Numerical experiment is presented to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.

Boundary Induced Inductive Delay in Transmission of Electromagnetic Signals

When an electromagnetic signal transmits through a coaxial cable, it propagates at speed determined by the dielectrics of insulator between the cooper core wire and the metallic shield. However, we demonstrate here that, once the shielding layer of the coaxial cable is cut into two parts leaving a small gap, while the copper core wire is still perfectly connected, a remarkable transmission delay immediately appears in the system. We have revealed by both computational simulation and experiments that, when the gap spacing between two parts of the shielding layer is small, this delay is mostly determined by the overall geometrical parameters of the conductive boundary which connects two parts of the cut shielding layer. A reduced analytic formula for the transmission delay related with geometrical parameters, which is based on an inductive model of the transmission system, matches well with the fitted formula of the simulated delay. This above structure is analog to the situation that an interconnect is between two inter-modules in a circuit. The results suggest that for high speed circuits and systems, parasitic inductance should be taken into full consideration, and compact conductive packaging is favorable for reducing transmission delay of inter-modules, therefore enhancing the performance of the system.

一种轻小型遥感相机多通道高速图像传输方案

遥感相机图像传输接口性能是影响相机整体性能的重要指标,为解决多通道相机图像数据传输速率高且同时满足轻小型化需求的问题,文章提出一种高吞吐率、低误码率的轻小型相机多通道高速图像数据传输方案,该方案基于CoaXPress接口采用Aurora 8B/10B通信协议,通过FPGA吉比特发送器(Gigabit Transceiver,GTX)实现4套焦面组件下行的高速图像传输,测试数据率达到13 Gbit/s,同时实现上行21 Mbit/s的相机控制数据率。仿真及测试结果表明:该方案极大地提高了相机的图像数据传输速率,接口电缆数量较传统减少近50%,可满足轻小型遥感相机多通道高速图像传输需求,为各类遥感相机高速小型化提供新的解决方案。

基于动态通道绑定的更高速无源光网络

传统无源光网络单通道速率提升成本越来越高。多通道无源光网络可通过动态通道绑定实现速率提升,进一步满足服务多样性需求。分析了现有IEEE和ITU-T无源光网络标准中的动态通道绑定需求和功能实现,以及数据传输过程中存在的带宽效率、数据顺序恢复等问题,提出了一种更高速无源光网络动态通道绑定中数据序列化传输和顺序恢复方法。该方法简化了动态通道绑定处理,避免了带宽效率下降问题。

基于CH579的高速串口服务器

针对目前的串口到网口数据透传模块存在传输速度慢、稳定性差、串口参数无法远程配置等问题,设计了一种基于CH579型号单片机的高速串口转以太网服务器。该系统通过采用串口八级FIFO缓存方式提高数据传输速率,通过优化串口成帧机制降低丢包率从而提高系统稳定性,通过设计串口参数配置协议实现上位机对串口参数的远程配置。测试结果表明:系统进行透明传输时串口最高波特率能达到5 Mbit/s,平均丢包率为0.0650%。因此该系统在提高串口波特率,提升系统稳定性和通用性上有明显改善。

基于CoaXPress接口的高速串行传输系统设计

CoaXPress是一种新型高速数字图像传输接口标准,适用于各种高速和高带宽图像传输应用。本文设计实现了一种基于CoaXPress接口的高速串行传输系统。针对多路高速串行数据传输、调度、缓存和同步难题,硬件上每个模块设计4路CoaXPress接口,模块以FPGA为核心,采用PCIe3.0×8接口与主控制器进行通信,使用DDR4缓存高速数据;FPGA固件逻辑设计中使用XDMA硬核与主控制器进行通信,使用FDMA完成对DDR4的数据调度,使用GTH收发高速串行数据;采用FIFO缓存同步技术和PXI_TRIG触发总线技术相结合的方法,成功地实现了8个CoaXPress发送模块共32路发送接口之间的同步。最终对CoaXPress接口模块和系统进行了测试,CoaXPress接口的眼图、码速率、误码率、同步精度均满足要求。本文所设计的基于CoaXPress接口的高速串行传输系统工作稳定,性能可靠,已应用于新一代空间飞行器载荷—数传链路测试。

一款用于双向传输高速接口的阻抗校准电路

在具有双向传输功能的高速串行接口中,发射机输出端的两个电阻对电路性能有很大的影响。为提升电路在复杂环境中的工作性能,需要对电阻进行阻抗校准。传统的阻抗校准存在着功耗高、面积大、系统误差大、收敛时间长等缺点。针对上述问题,设计了一款用于双向传输高速串行接口的阻抗校准电路,通过共用电流源的方式有效地减小了阻抗校准电路的面积及功耗,并消除了电流源失配带来的系统误差;引入了带有失调消除的比较器,并对比较器中存在的开关管漏电及时钟馈通等效应进行优化,降低了校准电路的系统误差;使用了逐次逼近寄存器(Successive Approximation Register,SAR)逻辑对最佳的电阻校准控制码进行查找,从而减小了收敛时间。在SMIC 40 nm工艺上实现了一款高精度,低功耗,且可对两个电阻分别进行调节的阻抗校准电路。对两个待校准电阻进行蒙特卡洛分析,阻抗校准的3σ值分别为201.76 mΩ,198.80 mΩ,阻抗校准电路整体功耗为4.205 mW。

广播电视行业从SDI到IP的转变

在广播电视行业,4K、8K超高清技术的快速发展,对于信号传输产生了更高的要求,需要更高的带宽和更低的延迟。在这种情况下,传统的串行数字接口(Serial Digital Interface,SDI)技术已经不能满足,需要向网际互连协议(Internet Protocol,IP)化转化。针对SDI技术的局限性以及IP技术的优势进行阐述,发现IP化不仅可以提升传输效率、降低传输成本,还可以促进广播电视行业的创新和发展。

Aero-optical effects simulation technique for starlight transmission in boundary layer under high-speed conditions

Aero-optical effects for starlight transmission in the high-speed flow field will reduce the accuracy of the star sensor on an aircraft.Numerical simulations for aero-optical effects usually require plenty of calculations,which cause difficulties when designing a celestial navigation system for a high-speed aircraft.In this study,an Aero-Optical Simulator For Starlight Transmission(AOSST)in the boundary layer is developed.It effectively reduces the computational burden compared to that of the widely used CFD simulation,and it achieves satisfactory accuracy.In this simulator,gas ellipsoids satisfying certain design rules are used to simulate coherent density structures in boundary layers.Design rules for the gas ellipsoids are found from published experimental and high-fidelity CFD simulation results.The generated wavefront distortion by AOSST is anchored with the scale law for aero-optical distortion in the boundary layer by determining some control parameters,which enables the simulator to output reliable results over a wide range of flight states.Four numerical examples are provided to verify the performance of AOSST.The results demonstrate that AOSST is able to simulate the directional dependence of aero-optical distortions in boundary layers,the variation trend of distorted wavefront shapes with Reynolds number,and the grayscale distribution on the disturbed star map.

Single-side-band optical modulation in SCM systems for high-speed optical transmission

In order to decrease dispersion penalty and increase the optical bandwidth efficiency,an optical single-side-band modulation(SSBM) scheme in sub-carrier multiplexing(SCM) is proposed.The principle of the SSBM is analytically presented,and a configuration for generating optical SSB signal is proposed using a balanced Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator.

Low-Driving-Voltage Optical Modulation Utilizing FWM for High-Speed Transmission Systems

We propose an optical transmitter with reduced modulator driving voltage. This reduction is achieved through an on-off ratio improvement technique based on FWM. We confirmed the feasibility of the method in a 43-Gbit/s experiment.

Technologies for Compensation or Mitigation of Transmission Impairments in Future High-Speed Optical Networks

The presentation will give an overview over different classes of signal impairments in ultra-long-haul and high-speed optical WDM transmission systems and adequate approaches for suppression, mitigation or compensation are discussed.

爆炸冲击波超压无线数据传输系统设计

针对传统冲击波超压记录仪装置只配有RS422串口带来的移动性差、系统灵活性不足等问题,该文提出了一种冲击波超压数据无线传输方案。该方案在不改变记录仪原有性能的前提下,将串口转换为UDP/IP网口实现系统连入以太网,并搭建基于网桥的无线链路进行远程数据测试。通信测试结果表明,串口波特率为3 Mbps、发射端与接收端无明显遮挡且传输距离不大于1500 m的情况下,该无线数据传输系统通信稳定、无丢包情况,同时为传统没有嵌入以太网口的设备实现网络化管理提供了参考。

无线电能传输磁耦合系统损耗优化

在不含磁芯的无线电能传输WPT(wireless power transmission)系统中,由磁耦合系统引起的损耗是系统损耗的主要组成部分之一,而磁耦合系统的损耗由接收线圈、发射线圈的电阻以及流经收发线圈的电流所决定。结合串/串S/S(series/series)补偿拓扑无线电能传输的电路响应特性,分析磁耦合系统的线圈感量、线圈电阻与线圈匝数的关系,提出了根据发射、接收线圈电流工况调整收发线圈匝数的磁耦合系统线圈匝数组合优化设计方案。绕制3组不同匝数组合的收发线圈(含优化匝数组合及两组对照匝数组合线圈)用以验证优化方案的可行性。仿真及实验结果均表明:在相同工况下,优化组合方案的线圈总损耗均低于对照组,且整体样机的效率均高于对照组。

采用谐振补偿的无线电能传输实验设计

针对传统串、并联谐振电路实验内容单一、缺少应用实践问题。设计了无线电能传输系统实验。在巩固实验原理的基础上,增加了谐振补偿、线圈耦合、整流滤波和工作负载等,考虑无线电能传输系统的工程应用效率和性能,设计了不同谐振补偿组合方式下电能传输效率探索实验,并通过LED直观表征电路工作状态。实验设计具有一定的综合性,强化了理论知识与工程实践之间的联系,相比以验证性内容为主的谐振实验更易激发学生学习兴趣,有利于提高课程的教学效果。

基于三路同源时钟的TLK2711高速数传接口设计

随着卫星载荷相机的分辨率不断提升,其获取的图像数据量也迅速增加,如何将载荷数据高速且可靠地传输至后端设备处理是当前所需要解决的问题。本文在高速SERDES接口芯片TLK2711和三路同源时钟的工作原理上进行研究应用,针对星载TLK2711高速数传链路中出现的传输误码等问题做出了分析,提出了一种基于三路同源时钟的高速数传接口设计,并对该高速数传接口具体设计做了详细描述。首先分析原始方案,即无外部参考时钟的FPGA向TLK2711输出时钟信号的缺点,并在原方案基础提出改进方案,在原电路基础上加入三路同源时钟为FPGA和TLK2711提供参考时钟。深入分析了误码率产生的原因及影响,从而提出了最佳相位检测和RS编码,并对其在高速数传接口应用的可行性进行了验证。对接口设计进行验证,实验结果表明,采用TLK2711高速数传接口可实现高达2.5 Gbit/s的数据传输,相比较于原始方案,基于三路同源时钟的TLK2711高速数传接口设计数据时钟抖动下降59.5%,采用的RS编码纠错能力强,使得CRC错误数大幅度降低,显著降低了误码率,硬件实现简单,增强了接口的工作稳定性。