Numerical investigation of friction-heating-pressurization and its control parameters in the shear band of high-speed landslides

High-speed sliding often leads to catastrophic landslides,many of which,in the initial sliding phase before disintegration,experience a friction-induced thermal pressurization effect in the bottom shear band,accelerating the movement of the overlying sliding mass.To quantitatively investigate this complex multiphysical phenomenon,we established a set of equations that describe the variations in temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band,as well as the conservation of momentum equation for the overlying sliding mass.With a simplified landslide model,we investigated the variations of temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band and their impacts on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.On this basis,we studied the impact of seven key parameters on the maximum temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,as well as the impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The simulation results of the standard model show that the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band are significantly higher than those in the adjacent areas,and reach the maximum values in the center.Within a few seconds after the start,the maximum excess pore pressure in the shear zone is close to the initial stress,and the shear strength loss rate exceeds 90%.The thermal pressurization mechanism significantly increases the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis show that the thermal expansion coefficient has the most significant impact on the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,and the sliding surface dip angle has the most significant impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of this study are of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of thermal pressurization-induced high-speed sliding.

Effects of homogenization temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed-extruded Mg–5Bi–3Al alloy

This study investigates the effects of billet homogenization temperature on the dynamic recrystallization behavior during high-speed extrusion and resultant microstructure and tensile properties of the Mg–5Bi–3Al(BA53,wt%)alloy.Two billets homogenized at 350 and450℃(350H and 450H billets)are extruded at a high speed of 69 m/min.The 350H billet has a relatively smaller grain size and a higher abundance of fine Mg3Bi2particles compared to the 450H billet.During extrusion of the 350H billet,enhanced dynamic recrystallization occurs as a result of its finer grains and abundance of particles,while the growth of recrystallized grains is suppressed by the grain-boundary pinning effect of particles.Ultimately,the extruded 350H material is characterized by smaller grains,relatively greater number of Mg3Bi2particles,and a higher internal strain energy than the extruded 450H material.The tensile strength of the extruded 350H material is higher than that of the extruded 450H material owing to stronger grain-boundary hardening,particle hardening,and strain hardening effects.The extruded 350H material also exhibits a higher tensile elongation as its smaller grains inhibit the formation of crack-inducing undesirable twins during tension.The results from this study demonstrate that a decrease in the homogenization temperature from 450 to 350℃leads to improved strength and ductility in the high-speed-extruded BA53 material.

光甘草定烟酰胺纳米乳的制剂评价与透皮吸收

为提高光甘草定和烟酰胺的透皮吸收性能,利用两种高能乳化法制备了纳米乳(HPH-NE和HSSU-NE),对其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、稳定性和皮肤渗透性能进行了评价与考察.结果表明:两种纳米乳颗粒均为规则球形,未见聚集现象,平均粒径分别为51.60 nm和42.98 nm,Zeta电位分别为-50.44 mV和-68.50 mV,并且在离心、4℃和20℃以及加速试验条件下均具有较好的稳定性,两种方法制成的纳米乳相对普通乳液具有更好的皮肤渗透性能,光甘草定的平均渗透速率提高3~5倍,烟酰胺的平均渗透率提高1.6~2.6倍,为光甘草定的纳米制剂以及化妆品应用研究奠定了坚实基础.

不同条件下高速剪切均质和高压均质对红景天复合饮料的影响

基于CiteSpace软件可视化分析及结合实际情况下复合饮料极易产生沉淀问题,该研究发现高速剪切均质和高压均质均能降低饮料的沉淀,但不同的均质方式对饮料的影响不同。以粒径、沉淀率、稳定系数、色差值、L^(*)和感官评分为指标,在不同参数条件下采用高压均质和高速剪切均质对复合饮料进行均质,选取最优的均质方法。结果表明,虽然高压均质和高速剪切均质均能明显提高饮料的稳定性,但经高压均质后的饮料色泽过于暗沉。而采用均质转速为12500 r/min,均质次数为2次的高速剪切均质的方式对复合饮料进行均质后,饮料的稳定性升高的同时,色泽鲜艳明亮,呈鲜艳的暖橙色,使人食欲感增强,感官评分也较高。故均质转速为12500 r/min,均质次数为2次的高速剪切均质的方式更适用于复合饮料,其作用效果也较好。研究结果可为后续饮料均质提供一定的参考。

Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-uniform Pressurized Functionally Graded Cylinder with Variable Thickness Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT) and Perturbation Method

Recently application of functionally graded materials（FGMs） have attracted a great deal of interest. These materials are composed of various materials with different micro-structures which can vary spatially in FGMs. Such composites with varying thickness and non-uniform pressure can be used in the aerospace engineering. Therefore, analysis of such composite is of high importance in engineering problems. Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded cylinder with variable thickness under non-uniform pressure is considered. First order shear deformation theory and total potential energy approach is applied to obtain the governing equations of non-homogeneous cylinder. Considering the inner and outer solutions, perturbation series are applied to solve the governing equations. Outer solution for out of boundaries and more sensitive variable in inner solution at the boundaries are considered. Combining of inner and outer solution for near and far points from boundaries leads to high accurate displacement field distribution. The main aim of this paper is to show the capability of matched asymptotic solution for different non-homogeneous cylinders with different shapes and different non-uniform pressures. The results can be used to design the optimum thickness of the cylinder and also some properties such as high temperature residence by applying non-homogeneous material.

Failure mode change and material damage with varied machining speeds:a review

High-speed machining(HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However,the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not been formally reviewed thus far. This article focuses on the solid mechanics framework of adiabatic shear band(ASB) onset and material metallurgical microstructural evolutions in HSM. The ASB onset is described using partial differential systems. Several factors in HSM were considered in the systems, and the ASB onset conditions were obtained by solving these systems or applying the perturbation method to the systems. With increasing machining speed, an ASB can be depressed and further eliminated by shock pressure. The damage observed in HSM exhibits common features. Equiaxed fine grains produced by dynamic recrystallization widely cause damage to ductile materials, and amorphization is the common microstructural evolution in brittle materials. Based on previous studies, potential mechanisms for the phenomena in HSM are proposed. These include the thickness variation of the white layer of ductile materials. These proposed mechanisms would be beneficial to deeply understanding the various phenomena in HSM.

二维颗粒结构中非线性波的传播和脉冲衰减

有序颗粒介质在冲击振动缓解、能量捕获和吸收等领域具有重要的研究价值。本文运用赫兹接触理论建立二维颗粒链数学模型,在冲击激励作用下,研究二维颗粒系统中脉冲波的传播特性、能量传递规律和传递力的降低机理。二维均匀颗粒系统嵌入了耦合颗粒以传递动能,初始脉冲激励在2列颗粒链间发生能量交换和脉冲等分现象,脉冲波在激励施加点附近发生强能量散射,激发出混合型的非线性波,即纵向传播的近零频率孤立波与横向高频剪切波。与一维均匀颗粒链相比,二维颗粒系统的末端传递力峰值得到了大幅度降低。通过改变颗粒间的质量比,在二维均匀颗粒链中引入轻珠链构成非均匀结构,沿纵向传播的孤立波在轻-重颗粒交界面发生反射,能量被局部约束在轻珠链中,使得一系列低幅值脉冲波按照不同的波速,延时释放到颗粒链末端,导致末端传递力峰值的进一步降低。

Measurement of high-dynamic temperature field using high-speed quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer

An approach to measure a high-dynamic two-dimensional(2 D) temperature field using a high-speed quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer(QWLSI) is proposed. The detailed theoretical derivation to express the wavefront reconstruct principle of the proposed method is presented. The comparison experiment with thermocouples shows that the temperature field measurement using QWLSI has a precision of ±0.5 °C. An experiment for measuring the highdynamic temperature field generated by an electrical heater is carried out. A 200 frame rate temperature field video with 512 × 512 resolution is obtained finally. Experimental results show that the temperature field measurement system using a QWLSI has the advantage of high sensitivity and high resolution.

利用Rayleigh波反演浅土层的剪切波速度结构

根据均匀半空间Rayleigh波相速度与介质剪切波速度之间的关系，对某一频率面波的影响深度内各层介质进行"均匀"化，使其等效于均匀半空间．并利用模型进行正演，以确定在这种均匀化的前提下，面波勘探深度与波长的关系．应用相匹配滤波技术从实测面波信号中分离出基阶Rayleigh波信号，对它进行多重滤波和叠加处理，精确地计算出5．0-30．0Hz之间的基阶面波相、群速度频散．使用"均匀"化的方法，从相速度频散曲线中获得反演的初始模型，利用群速度频散反演得到35m以上各土层的剪切波速度结构．结果表明。

风化岩体中压力型锚索锚固段的剪应力分析

岩体在风化过程中,其物理力学性质会随着风化程度的不同有所差异。结合均质岩体中压力型锚索受力特点,以及内部对称荷载作用下横观各向同性弹性体内的剪应力分布特点,推导出了压力型锚索在横观各向同性弹性岩体内的剪应力分布方程。假定风化岩体为横观各向同性弹性体,其弹性模量及剪切模量均按指数函数变化,分析结果表明:①由于风化岩体的弹性模量随着深度的变化,锚索锚固段的剪应力也随着岩体的弹性模量的增加(减小)而增加(减小);②在承压板附近,锚索锚固段的剪应力随锚索孔半径的增加而减小,由于风化岩体剪切模量的变化,因而导致剪应力的变化量很大;③在承压板附近,锚索锚固段接触面上的剪应力随着垂直于岩体横向等向面的剪切模量的改变而相应的改变。研究成果可为实际工程中压力型锚索设计提供参考。

岩层上非均质弹性地基轴对称问题求解

假设地基土体为弹性,不可压缩,剪切模量随深度线性变化,采用Hankel 变换,得到了下卧为岩层,表面分布一般轴对称荷载的地基土体应力位移积分形式解,应用数值方法,就地基的非均质性、岩层深度对位移的影响进行了讨论。获得的解可以退化到半空间情况。

功能梯度材料悬臂梁受复杂载荷作用的分层剪切理论

本文采用分层剪切变形理论对功能梯度材料层梁进行了分析 ,建立了功能梯度材料悬臂梁模型。取材料为非均质性 ,材料弹性系数随梯度变化 ,应用边界条件 ,层间连续条件 ,得出了梁结构的变形与应力。结果表明 ,存在优化的梯度因子使得悬臂梁具有最佳的承载能力 。

饱和土体应变局部化的复合体理论

有限元法求解应变局部化问题时经常受到单元尺寸敏感性问题的困扰。为克服这一难题 ,给出一种基于整体坐标的应变局部化的复合体理论 ,通过对剪切带内外土体力学特性进行均一化处理来描述含剪切带土体的宏观力学特性。首先从理论上分析了饱和土体应变局部化的产生条件 ,随后通过复合体理论给出了描述在排水条件和不排水条件下饱和土体应变局部化的本构方程 ,最后对平面应变条件下的饱和密砂试样进行了分析 ,通过与室内平面应变试验结果的对比 ,验证了本文理论的合理性。

纳米SiO_2增韧增强氰酸酯制备工艺的研究

从纳米SiO2三种不同的分散工艺(研磨法、偶联剂表面处理法和高速均质剪切法)着手,通过原位聚合法制得SiO2/氰酸酯(CE)纳米复合材料;采用透射电镜分析(TEM)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)和热失重分析(TGA)研究了三种分散工艺对纳米SiO2的分散以及复合材料的力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,研磨对纳米SiO2的分散优于高速均质剪切,偶联剂表面处理分散较差;高速均质剪切对复合材料力学性能和热性能的提高程度优于研磨法,当纳米SiO2含量为1phr时,高速均质剪切所得复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别比纯CE提高35.0%和12.1%;当质量损失为5%时复合材料的热分解温度较纯CE提高23.8℃;偶联剂表面处理法则降低了复合材料的弯曲强度和热分解温度。

摆线泵内转子磨料流均匀化抛光及试验研究

为了降低内转子的表面粗糙度,提出了一种利用磨料流对内转子表面实现均匀化加工的抛光方法.采用与内转子壁面等宽度的方法设置模芯,通过建立均匀化流道,改善壁面的剪切应力分布,使内转子各曲面间的壁面所受剪切应力趋向一致.依据磨料流的流变特性,建立幂律方程,分析磨料流加工过程的剪切率及剪切应力分布状况,并利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件的CFD模块模拟磨料介质在均匀化流道下的表面加工流速、剪切率和剪切应力的分布.结果表明:在无模芯时利用磨料流加工,内转子各表面的剪切速率差值较大;置入模芯后内转子曲面各部分所受的剪切应力比无模芯时明显得到改善,经20次加工循环后,各表面间的粗糙度最大差值由无模芯时的0.847μm降至0.277μm,且有效地提高了加工效率及表面质量.

速溶牛蒡粉高剪切均质生产技术的研究

速溶牛蒡粉是牛蒡原料经清洗、去皮、切片、护色、打浆、高剪切均质、酶解、调配、喷雾干燥等工艺制成的粉末产品。通过对速溶牛蒡粉加工工艺的研究,评价了不同方法生产牛蒡粉的质量。实验结果表明:牛蒡薄片经0.05%VC和0.05%柠檬酸溶液护色效果最佳,牛蒡片经预煮后打浆、高剪切均质、酶解等工序处理,浆液中的可溶性固形物含量分别提高了50.57%、42.08%和25.06%,进一步加入麦芽糊精调配后进行高剪切均质,再经喷雾干燥制成速溶牛蒡粉,该产品与传统干法加工的牛蒡粉相比,VC保存率提高了37.78%,牛蒡粉纤维平均长度由0.25mm下降到0.14mm;牛蒡粉的速溶率提高了5.03%,达到了97.16%,产品冲调后基本无明显的沉淀物残留,效果良好。

地震作用下边坡平台对边坡的动力响应及失稳破坏影响分析

利用有限元分析软件建立数值计算模型,采用基线校正的10 s水平加速度时程作为地震输入条件,对在不同平台个数、平台宽度以及平台分布等多种工况下边坡模型的动力响应及稳定性进行数值模拟分析。结合各工况地震过程中坡面质点PGD放大系数、动剪应力峰值与震后最大剪应变、塑性区范围以及稳定性评价指标,对地震作用下边坡动力响应特性和失稳破坏进行了定性的评价研究。计算结果表明：以本文40 m高的边坡为例,设单个平台时,于15 m和20 m高程处设置平台对边坡动力稳定性更有利;设2个平台时,10-20 m的平台组合相对于其它组合对边坡动力稳定性更有利;对于多级边坡,随着平台宽度的增加,边坡整体破坏趋势逐渐分解为各级边坡局部破坏趋势,可以较大幅度地减小最下方坡脚的应力集中,进而提高边坡的动力稳定性;此外,平台内侧属于上级边坡的坡脚处,易产生剪应力集中区,属于薄弱部位,应加强各级坡脚的支护。

一种简易实用的开口剪切腹板有限元建模方法

研究含开口剪切腹板结构简易的有限元建模技术,提出当量厚度的有限元建模方法,给出内含椭圆形开口以及长方形和弧形组合开口腹板的当量厚度计算式。该计算式考虑腹板形心与开口中心不重合及开口边缘有加强件。为了验证文中提出的当量厚度有限元建模方法的正确性,采用MSC.Nastran分别对含两种开口墙腹板的盒段进行有限元建模分析,并分别与常规的网格细化的有限元建模分析结果进行比较。结果表明,所给出的当量厚度建模方法与常规网格细化的建模方法吻合很好,相对误差不大于2.0%,验证了所提出建模方法的正确性和有效性。

非均质地基振动特性及地震反应分析

基于改进的一维剪切梁模型，对于成层非均质场地推导了确定自振频 率、振型函数、参与系数及稳态动力响应的封闭型解析表达式，进而提出了场 地地震反应简化分析方法。在本模型中考虑了土壤特性（如密度与剪切模量） 沿深度的非均匀变化，通过对典型场地剖面的数值计算探讨了有关因素对场 地地震反应的影响。

基于均匀化理论分析磁流变弹性体(MR)磁致剪切模量

本文考虑了磁流变弹性体(MR弹性体)内颗粒与基体间磁场的相互影响,基于均匀化理论计算磁流变弹性体的磁致剪切模量,并与已有磁偶极子理论的解进行对比分析。结果表明,铁磁颗粒磁导率的变化对磁致剪切模量的影响不大;当颗粒体积分数为30%时,基于均匀化理论获得的磁致剪切模量呈现最大值,其整体变化规律与实验数据基本吻合,可预测磁致剪切模量最大时的颗粒体积分数;而基于磁偶极子理论的计算结果与实验数据有一定差距。