High-speed penetration of ogive-nose projectiles into thick concrete targets:Tests and a projectile nose evolution model

The majority of the projectiles used in the hypersonic penetration study are solid flat-nosed cylindrical projectiles with a diameter of less than 20 mm.This study aims to fill the gap in the experimental and analytical study of the evolution of the nose shape of larger hollow projectiles under hypersonic penetration.In the hypersonic penetration test,eight ogive-nose AerMet100 steel projectiles with a diameter of 40 mm were launched to hit concrete targets with impact velocities that ranged from 1351 to 1877 m/s.Severe erosion of the projectiles was observed during high-speed penetration of heterogeneous targets,and apparent localized mushrooming occurred in the front nose of recovered projectiles.By examining the damage to projectiles,a linear relationship was found between the relative length reduction rate and the initial kinetic energy of projectiles in different penetration tests.Furthermore,microscopic analysis revealed the forming mechanism of the localized mushrooming phenomenon for eroding penetration,i.e.,material spall erosion abrasion mechanism,material flow and redistribution abrasion mechanism and localized radial upsetting deformation mechanism.Finally,a model of highspeed penetration that included erosion was established on the basis of a model of the evolution of the projectile nose that considers radial upsetting;the model was validated by test data from the literature and the present study.Depending upon the impact velocity,v0,the projectile nose may behave as undistorted,radially distorted or hemispherical.Due to the effects of abrasion of the projectile and enhancement of radial upsetting on the duration and amplitude of the secondary rising segment in the pulse shape of projectile deceleration,the predicted DOP had an upper limit.

Necking Point in PET High-speed Fiber Spinning

Cross-over method is established to predict necking point for PET high- speed fiber spinning. Even slowly crystallizing polymers such as PET can crystallize on the spinline at sufficiently high spinning speed. The development of rtmning velocity, temperature, crystallinity and theological force is investigated for the take-up velocity over a range of 6 000 - 10 000 m/min. The position of necking point, temperature rise and abrupt increase of crystallinity move closer to the spinneret with the increase of take-up velocity,

STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF POLYMER CHAINS FOR NECKING FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED FIBER SPINNING PROCESS

Finite element method is used to simulate the high-speed melt spinning process, based on the equation system proposed by Doufas et al. Calculation predicts a neck-like deformation, as well as the related profiles of velocity, diameter, temperature, chain orientation, and crystallinity in the fiber spinning process. Considering combined effects on the process such as flow-induced crystallization, viscoelasticity, filament cooling, air drag, inertia, surface tension and gravity, the simulated material flow behaviors are consistent with those observed for semi-crystalline polymers under various spinning conditions, The structure change of polymer coils in the necking region described by the evolution of conformation tensor is also investigated. Based on the relaxation mechanism of macromolecules in flow field different types of morphology change of polymer chains before and in the neck are proposed, giving a complete prospect of structure evolution and crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer in the high speed fiber spinning process.

Combined proportional navigation law for interception of high-speed targets

A new proportional navigation(PN) guidance law,called combined proportional navigation(CPN),is proposed.The guidance law is designed to intercept high-speed targets,which is a common case for ballistic targets.The range of target-to-interceptor speed ratio during target interception is derived when guidance laws are applied in high-speed targets interception,and the effectiveness of negative navigation ratio in the PN-based guidance law is proven analytically in some lemmas.Based on the lemmas,the lateral acceleration command of CPN is defined,and the solution to the appearance of singularity in time-varying navigation ratio is given.The simulation results show that CPN can determine headon engagement(as PN) or tail-chase engagement(as RPN) through initial path angle compared with PN and retro proportional navigation(RPN),and can adjust the value of navigation ratio for head-on engagement or tail-chase engagement.Therefore,the capture region of CPN is larger than that of other guidance laws using PN-based methods.

ACCURATE DETECTION OF HIGH-SPEED MULTI-TARGET VIDEO SEQUENCES MOTION REGIONS BASED ON RECONSTRUCTED BACKGROUND DIFFERENCE

The paper first discusses shortcomings of classical adjacent-frame difference. Sec ondly, based on the image energy and high order statistic(HOS) theory, background reconstruction constraints are setup. Under the help of block-processing technology, background is reconstructed quickly. Finally, background difference is used to detect motion regions instead of adjacent frame difference. The DSP based platform tests indicate the background can be recovered losslessly in about one second, and moving regions are not influenced by moving target speeds. The algorithm has important usage both in theory and applications.

Spin-image surface matching based target recognition in laser radar range imagery

We explore the problem of in-plane rotation-invariance existing in the vertical detection of laser radar （Ladar） using the algorithm of spin-image surface matching. The method used to recognize the target in the range imagery of Ladar is time-consuming, owing to its complicated procedure, which violates the requirement of real-time target recognition in practical applications. To simplify the troublesome procedures, we improve the spin-image algorithm by introducing a statistical correlated coeff^cient into target recognition in range imagery of Ladar. The system performance is demonstrated on sixteen simulated noise range images with targets rotated through an arbitrary angle in plane. A high efficiency and an acceptable recognition rate obtained herein testify the validity of the improved algorithm for practical applications. The proposed algorithm not only solves the problem of in-plane rotation-invariance rationally, but also meets the real-time requirement. This paper ends with a comparison of the proposed method and the previous one.

CoFe/NiFe复合自由层对自旋阀磁电阻变化率的影响

研究CoFe/NiFe复合自由层对自旋阀磁电阻变化率的影响。在实验中通过固定溅射功率、时间和气流,调节靶基距(TSD)得到不同厚度及均匀性的复合自由层CoFe/NiFe薄膜,进而达到优化自旋阀结构提高其磁电阻率的目的。实验结果表明:在TSD分别为8.382 cm、8.890 cm时,制备的CoFe和NiFe单层膜性能最优,电阻标准偏差分别为1.33%、0.98%。通过磁性能综合测试平台对优化后的CoFe/NiFe复合自由层的自旋阀结构进行了测试,磁电阻变化率(MR)较优化前提高了约0.84%。该研究可为高性能自旋阀结构的制备提供参考。

改进YOLOv5s的弱光水下生物目标检测算法

针对水下光学图像目标检测过程中由于水中光线衰弱严重、图像环境复杂和拍摄设备移动等造成的生物识别精度低的问题,提出了基于改进YOLOv5s的弱光水下生物目标实时检测算法YOLOv5s-underwater。针对弱光水下光线衰弱的问题,引入了限制对比度自适应直方图均衡(CLAHE)算法对输入图像进行预处理,解决了颜色失真和图像毛糙的问题。针对复杂的弱光水下图像环境,提出了快速空间金字塔池化(SPPF)模块,解决了水下物体区分度低和特征损失严重的问题。针对拍摄设备移动带来的场景和形态变化问题,提出了一种基于旋转窗口的Swin-Transformer模块,提高了模型的泛化能力。针对水下小目标,修改了网络模型结构,提高了小目标的检测能力。仿真和实验结果表明:所提算法相较于YOLOv5s检测精度提高30.7%,证明了算法的有效性。

Capurability analysis for arbitrarily high-speed maneuvering targets

The capturability of an arbitrarily maneuvering target featuring speed superiority over an interceptor is analyzed for Augmented Pure Proportional Navigation(APPN)and RetroAugmented Proportional Navigation(RAPN)guidance.This paper focuses on intercepting arbitrary maneuvers to study more general interception problems.A comparative analysis of the capture region between head-on interception related to APPN and head-pursuit interception related to RAPN is proposed.The results indicate that RAPN performs better than APPN in capturability.It is concluded that increasing the target velocity,which increases the velocity ratio,significantly weakens the capturability of the interceptor,and the average acceleration and relative distance affect the location of the capture region but not its size.The analysis is based on prior knowledge of the target maneuver,which inevitably leads to deviations from actual maneuvers in practical engagement,so a deviation analysis is implemented.The effective capture region shrinks as the absolute value of acceleration deviation increases,and the RAPN has a better deviation fault tolerance compared with the APPN.The results reveal that a larger relative distance can weaken the deviation fault tolerance,and the target velocity has opposite effects on head-on and head-pursuit interception.

自旋对弹体侵彻效应的影响

为解释带有自旋角速度的侵彻弹体在试验和仿真中的更好表现,开发了考虑自旋角速度的弹体侵彻模型。姿态动力学分析表明了一般侵彻情况下自旋角速度引起弹体非平面运动,正侵彻情况下则出现自旋弹体保持平面运动的特殊情况。基于空腔膨胀模型的推导表明,弹靶接触处的切应力方向改变是自旋弹体侵彻阻力减小的原因之一,与剪切效应导致的空腔表面正应力衰减共同构成了侵彻深度增加的机制。刚体运动学推导表明,多层间隔靶侵彻情况下,靶间进动导致弹体轴线与靶面法向夹角增速减缓甚至减小,是弹道稳定性增加的重要原因。自旋角速度改变了弹体侵彻过程的受力和运动形式,导致其侵彻深度和弹道稳定性增加,总体上对弹体侵彻效应起积极作用。

FMCW-InISAR imaging for high-speed target based on bistatic configuration

Interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar(InISAR)imaging has been proved to be a powerful means for obtaining threedimensional(3-D)space shape of noncooperative targets.Frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW)InISAR(FMCWInISAR)has unique advantages of low power,low cost,and small volume compared with traditional coherent pulsed InISAR.However,FMCW-InISAR imaging has two additional issues to consider,the one is the invalidation of the assumption of stop&go,which is caused by the relatively long sweep interval of FMCW;the other is the isolation of the transmitting and receiving antennas,which is the inherent issue of the transmitter-receiver community radar systems.To solve these two problems,a bistatic FMCW-InISAR imaging algorithm for high-speed targets is proposed in this paper.For improving the isolation of the transmitting and receiving antennas,a bistatic configuration based FMCW-InISAR system is designed.According to the characteristics of bistatic,a bistatic equivalent motion model and corresponding signal model are established.Since the assumption of stop&go is invalid in the case of FMCW,indicating that the target cannot be viewed as motionless during a sweep repetition interval(SRI),a parametric estimation based quadratic phase factor(QPF)compensation method is investigated to eliminate the range walk caused by the radial motion of the target during the SRI.In addition,considering the farfield trait of the target and combining the traditional InISAR imaging process,a combined QPF compensation technique is proposed to reduce the computational burden of the algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by some simulations.

基于飞行时间相机的非合作慢旋卫星稠密重建研究

针对非合作慢旋卫星的模型重建问题,提出基于飞行时间(time-of-flight,TOF)相机和同时定位与制图(simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM)的稠密重建方法。基于预先检测与自适应阈值方法提高旋转提取与描述(oriented fast and rotated brief,ORB)的特征尺度适应性。利用运动度量方法选取关键帧。利用子模型拼接方法加快重建效率。利用仿真环境制作非合作慢旋卫星的数据集。仿真实验结果表明:该方法能够实现长时间稳定地工作,可在3 min内重建出卫星模型的稠密点云,点云密度大于5000,重建误差小于5 cm。利用机械臂、卫星模型及光学暗室搭建半物理实验系统,表明算法的精度及抗噪声能力基本满足非合作目标感知的任务的需求。

Signal waveform design to detect an underwater high-speed small target

The problem of sonar signal waveform design to detect a high-speed small target in an underwater environment is discussed. From theoretical analysis, time-frequency hop signal is regarded as the most suitable signal waveform in this application. To get precise target parameter estimation ability, the signal should have high range-Doppler resolution performance. The results of signal analysis show that hop signal with frequency serial coding as Costas array has sharp ambiguity characteristic, so it can be used in an active sonar system to detect a high speed small target. A scheme of frequency coding is also presented.

空间锥体目标微动特性分析与识别方法

空间锥体目标在大气层外飞行过程中存在不同的微动,目标的微动为进动,诱饵的微动为摆动或自旋.根据目标与诱饵的微动差异,提出了应用特征谱作为识别特征的分类方法.基于多散射中心信号模型,分析了进动、摆动以及自旋调制信号的微多普勒特性.分析结果表明,进动、摆动与自旋目标的微多普勒谱虽然均可以近似为线谱,但是存在明显差异.应用谐波和的形式描述回波信号,并采用特征值分解提取特征谱作为识别特征.仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别目标与诱饵.

旋转涂层法制备聚酰亚胺薄膜

研究了采用二酐和二胺合成聚酰胺酸溶液，利用旋转涂层法制备聚酰亚胺薄膜的方法并对成膜机理进行了初步探讨。研究表明：在固定旋转时间时，通过控制合成聚酰胺酸的浓度和旋转速度可基本上控制薄膜的厚度，旋转涂膜法制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜厚度起伏小于5％，薄膜表面光洁度达到0．3～0．4nm，0．3μm厚聚酰亚胺薄膜的弹性模量为50～80MPa。

基于自旋图的三维自动目标识别

将三维表面匹配领域的自旋图(spin-images)方法运用于扫描激光雷达自动目标识别中,基于自旋图特征,提出了平均最大相似性度量、候选对应关系数目、几何一致性筛选后对应关系数目、分组筛选后最大组的对应关系数目这4个识别指标,并将其组合构成组合识别准则,从而进行三维目标识别。同时针对实际应用需求,进一步研究了点云空间分辨率、激光雷达测距误差以及遮挡对目标识别率的影响,为激光雷达三维目标识别系统的设计提供了参考。

基于微多普勒特征的空间锥体目标识别

空间锥体目标在大气层外飞行过程中存在不同的微动,目标的微动为进动,诱饵的微动为摆动或自旋。根据真假目标的微动差异,提出了低分辨雷达的目标识别方法。在多散射中心信号模型下分析了真假目标的微多普勒特性,指出目标回波信号微多普勒谱与其进动参数密切相关,而诱饵回波信号微多普勒谱与其摆动\自旋频率密切相关。应用低分辨雷达多次回波信号抽取微多普勒域熵与波形标准差作为识别特征,并采用两种分类器进行分类识别。仿真结果表明:所提方法可以有效地实现真假目标的分类。

高速旋转目标旋转速度估计方法

旋转速度估计是高速旋转目标成像的基础,论文提出一种新的旋转速度估计方法,该算法基于旋转目标在距离时间域所具有的特性,在利用傅里叶变换粗略估计旋转速度的基础上,利用计算图像熵的方法在特定范围内对角速度估计值进行调整,以获得很高的估计精度。该方法直接计算整幅图像的熵值,从而不依赖单个的散射点。使用仿真数据演示了算法的性能,证明了算法的有效性。

基于压缩感知的窄带高速自旋目标超分辨成像物理机理分析

常规窄带雷达系统对高速自旋的空天目标成像时,方位脉冲重复频率通常难以满足采样率要求.而基于压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)理论则可实现欠采样条件下窄带高速自旋目标的成像.本文对这一成像的物理机理进行分析和讨论.首先,构建方位欠采样回波模型,分析了该模型与CS理论的关系;其次,从物理角度分析基于CS理论可以保证欠采样条件下散射点准确重构的机理,给出欠采样倍数的理论下限值.仿真结果表明,欠采样条件下窄带雷达系统可实现对高速自旋目标二维成像,同时验证了基于CS的欠采样成像性能与欠采样倍数、等效强散射点个数以及波长等有关,与信号带宽无关等结论.

自旋目标运动预测及自主捕获路径规划方法

首先对自旋目标的运动特性和运动预测问题进行了分析,并采用无损卡尔曼滤波(UKF)方法对目标当前运动状态进行估计,在此基础上对目标未来时刻运动状态进行预测。提出了一种基于预测速度补偿的自旋目标自主捕获路径规划方法,并对所提方法进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明了方法的可行性和有效性。