Research on fatigue evaluation method of high-speed train axle based on axle box acceleration

As a key safety component of the high-speed train, fatigue fracture of the axle would lead to major accidents such as derailment or overturning. The complexity of the axle dynamic stress test seriously enhances the difficulty of axle fatigue damage analysis. In this paper, the dynamic stress test of the high-speed train axle was carried out,the axle box acceleration was monitored on-track during the test, and the relationship between the axle stress spectrum and acceleration was analyzed on-track. The results show that the relationships between the axle equivalent stresses and the Root Mean Square(RMS) values of the axle box vertical acceleration and lateral acceleration exhibit a strong joint probability density distribution. The concept of the virtual surface density of wheel-rail contact is also proposed to realize the purpose of using axle box acceleration to deduce axle equivalent force. The results quantify the relationship between axle box acceleration and axle equivalent force, provide a new method for predicting the axle damage using the acceleration RMS values, and open up a new approach for structural health monitoring of high-speed train axles.

Analysis of the Temperature Characteristics of High-speed Train Bearings Based on a Dynamics Model and Thermal Network Method

High-speed trains often use temperature sensors to monitor the motion state of bearings.However,the temperature of bearings can be affected by factors such as weather and faults.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze in detail the relationship between the bearing temperature and influencing factors.In this study,a dynamics model of the axle box bearing of high-speed trains is established.The model can obtain the contact force between the rollers and raceway and its change law when the bearing contains outer-ring,inner-ring,and rolling-element faults.Based on the model,a thermal network method is introduced to study the temperature field distribution of the axle box bearings of high-speed trains.In this model,the heat generation,conduction,and dispersion of the isothermal nodes can be solved.The results show that the temperature of the contact point between the outer-ring raceway and rolling-elements is the highest.The relationships between the node temperature and the speed,fault type,and fault size are analyzed,finding that the higher the speed,the higher the node temperature.Under different fault types,the node temperature first increases and then decreases as the fault size increases.The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated using the actual temperature data of a high-speed train.This study proposes a thermal network model that can predict the temperature of each component of the bearings on a high-speed train under various speed and fault conditions.

高速列车轮轴缩比关系及微动参量仿真分析

车轴与车轮通过过盈配合组成轮对,承受着车辆的全部重量,是保证高速动车组运行安全的最重要部件.高速列车轮轴的疲劳周次长达109,实物轮轴试验的过程复杂、周期长且试验费用高.因此,通过缩比模型反映和预示实物轮轴试验结果具有极大的理论价值和工程意义.本文中结合相似定理和量纲分析原理,分析并推导了轮轴过盈配合微动参量随在不同缩比系数下的相似关系,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对微动参量分布进行仿真分析,结果表明,微动参量在不同缩比系数模型中的分布规律和理论推导的相似关系一致;轮轴接触压应力以及轴向摩擦剪切应力的最大值,位于车轴轮座区域靠近齿轮箱座的内侧,高速列车车轴轮座内侧接触边缘最容易发生微动疲劳失效.

Dynamic analysis of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners

A high-speed train-track coupling dynamic model is used to investigate the dynamic behavior of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners. The model considers a high-speed train consisting of eight vehicles coupled with a ballasted track. The vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modeled with a Timoshenko beam resting on the discrete sleepers. The vehicle model considers the effect of the end connections of the neighboring vehicles on the dynamic behavior. The track model takes into account the lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the rails and the effect of the discrete sleeper support on the coupling dynamics of the vehicles and the track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. The train model couples with the track model by using a Hertzian contact model for the wheel/rail normal force calculation, and the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al. (1984) is used for wheel/rail tangent force calculation. In the analysis, a curved track of 7000-m radius with failed fasteners is selected, and the effects of train operational speed and the number of failed fasteners on the dynamic behaviors of the train and the track are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the wheel/rail forces and derailment coefficient and the wheelset loading reduction are analyzed when the high-speed train passes over the curved track with the different number of continuously failed fasteners at different operational speeds. Through the detailed numerical analysis, it is found that the high-speed train can operate normally on the curved track of 7000-m radius at the speeds of 200 km/h to 350 km/h.

基于优化VMD的车轴裂纹和车轮扁疤故障诊断

针对列车轮对振动信号易受轮轨噪声影响、故障特征提取困难等问题,提出一种基于优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)和多尺度样本熵-能量(Multiscale sample entropy-energy,MSEEN)指标的故障诊断方法。首先搭建考虑轮轨接触关系的轮对振动实验台,分别进行正常、车轮扁疤、车轴裂纹及扁疤-裂纹耦合故障状态下的轮对振动测试。其次,利用遗传算法,以样本熵、相关系数和均方误差为适应值搜索VMD的最佳分解个数及分解中心频率。然后基于优化VMD分解不同状态下的轮对振动信号并提取本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量的MSEEN指标。最后将指标与BP神经网络结合进行轮对故障诊断,总识别率达到94.44%。该方法可为实际运行工况中的列车轮对故障诊断提供借鉴。

车轮柔性化对高铁轴箱轴承振动特性分析

轴箱轴承作为高速列车旋转系统中最为重要的部件之一,其运行环境恶劣,探究轴箱轴承在恶劣运行工况下的动力学行为是保证高铁安全运行亟待解决的问题。以正在运营的某型高速列车转向架上轮对和轴箱轴承为研究对象,构建一种包含柔性轮对的轴箱轴承-车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,通过数值和有限元计算,研究在京津线轨道激扰下轴箱轴承内部结构的接触振动特性。研究结果表明:轨道激扰对滚子与外圈的接触载荷影响较大;刚性轮对和柔性轮对计算滚动体与外圈的接触力基本相同,且随着车辆运行,接触载荷呈周期性变化;柔性轮对导致滚动体与外滚道之间的中高频碰撞增加;双列圆锥滚子轴承的第1列轴承和第2列轴承交替承载,第1列轴承承受主要载荷,第2列轴承辅助承载;刚性轮对计算外圈垂向振动加速度最大峰值远大于柔性轮对所计算得到的振动加速度最大峰值,相对刚性轮对而言,柔性轮对的变形能够减弱轮轨间的刚性约束关系,更切实地反映实际运营工况下的轮轨耦合振动关系。

高铁轮对过盈配合下导波传播特性

高铁轮轴与轮毂的连接形式为过盈配合,列车运行过程中由于交变载荷的存在,在轮轴应力集中区域易发生微动疲劳损伤.导波具有传播距离长、衰减率低、对微小损伤敏感的特点,非常适用于微动疲劳损伤检测.目前的检测方法大都需要将轮轴拆卸下来,对过盈配合轮毂轮轴上的导波传播特性研究极少.为此,首先通过改变轮轴与轮子装配的过盈量,研究装配质量对导波传播的影响,然后探究能量差法是否可以在装配有轮毂的轮轴上检测损伤.结果表明,导波传播受过盈量的影响较大,过盈量增加则导波幅值减小.由于能量差法是基于结构的轴对称性来检测损伤的,该方法在装配有轮子的轮轴上仍可适用.