KL-SG High-Speed Rail-a catalyst for national economic development Sri Viknesh Permalu and Karthigesu Nagarajoo

Purpose-In an increasingly interconnected world,transportation infrastructure has emerged as a critical determinant of economic growth and global competitiveness.High-speed rail(HSR),characterized by its exceptional speed and efficiency,has garnered widespread attention as a transformative mode of transportation that transcends borders and fosters economic development.The Kuala Lumpur-Singapore(KL-SG)HSR project stands as a prominent exemplar of this paradigm,symbolizing the potential of HSR to serve as a catalyst for national economic advancement.Design/methodologylapproach-This paper is prepared to provide an insight into the benefits and advantages of HSR based on proven case studies and references from global HSRs,including China,Spain,France and Japan.Findings-The findings that have been obtained focus on enhanced connectivity and accessibility,attracting foreign direct investment,revitalizing regional economies,urban development and city regeneration,boosting tourism and cultural exchange,human capital development,regionai integration and environmental and sustainability benefits.Originality/value-The KL-SG HSR,linking Kuala Lumpur and Singapore,epitomizes the potential for HSR to be a transformative agent in the realm of economic development.This project encapsulates the aspirations of two dynamic Southeast Asian economies,united in their pursuit of sustainable growth,enhanced connectivity and global competitiveness.By scrutinizing the KLSG High-Speed Rail through the lens of economic benchmarking,a deeper understanding emerges of how such projects can drive progress in areas such as cross-border trade,tourism,urban development and technological innovation.

Upgrade of Transportation Infrastructure and Siting of Polluting Enterprises:The Case of High-Speed Railway Launch in China

With the quasi-natural experiment of the launching of high-speed railways in Chinese cities,this paper empirically investigated the effects of the upgrade of the transportation infrastructure on the site selection of polluting enterprises.We found that although the launching of a high-speed railway generally has a negative impact on the siting of polluting enterprises:(i)While there was a significant decrease in polluting enterprises of a private and other nature,the reduction in overseas-funded and state-owned enterprises was insignificant;(ii)while the launching of a high-speed railway greatly restrained the entry of polluting enterprises in the eastern region,large cities and more developed cities,this was followed by the movement of more polluting enterprises to the central and western regions,small and medium-sized cities and less developed cities;(iii)there was a significant decrease in polluting enterprises in environmentally conscious cities after the launching of a high-speed railway.This paper also found that infrastructure upgrade may influence the siting of polluting enterprises through the following:Environmental cleanness,factor concentration and spatial integration.Government authorities and market entities should be fully aware of and attach great importance to how the transportation infrastructure influences the site selection of businesses,as this is of great significance for China’s regional development planning,local business climate and investment planning,environmental protection,and other related policymaking initiatives.

Analyze China High-Speed Railway Ticket for Spring Transportation from the Perspective of Microeconomics

In recent ten years, the rapid development of China high-speed railway is called "China miracle", and it not only provides great convenience for people's daily life trip, but also greatly promotes the economic development. However, the annual spring transportation in the special period is still a great challenge to high-speed railway transportation, and this paper analyzes the high-speed railway ticket for spring transportation from the perspective of microeconomics, and then thinks for the solution. This paper specifically analyzes the problem that demand exceeds supply for high-speed railway ticket by using the theories of the demand elasticity of supply and demand and the influence of price on supply and demand, monopoly markets. In addition, opportunity cost, incomplete information and other economic principles are used to think about the theoretical reasons for the difficulty of buying tickets during the spring transportation. I have given my understanding for the two problems owned by China spring transportation, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. For example, speed up the development of substitutes and carry out the mechanism of price fluctuation;In the ticket refunding mechanism, this paper boldly conceives the method to relieve the pressure through a reasonable and scientific ticket refunding mechanism. Finally, this paper starts from the source and find the key point to solve the problem of spring transportation in China by breaking the urban-rural dual structure. Hereafter the final conclusion was drawn: Although there are some problems to cope with the spring transport for the current China high-speed railway, it is believed that in the near future, the difficulty of buying a ticket in spring transportation will no longer hinder the homecoming of wanderers.

System architecture and basic platform for intelligent high-speed railway

Purpose-This paper aims to provide top-level design and basic platform for intelligent application in China high-speed railway.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the analysis for the future development trends of world railway,combined with the actual development needs in China high-speed railway,The definition and scientific connotation of intelligent high-speed railway(IHSR)are given at first,and then the system architecture of IHSR are outlined,including 1 basic platform,3 business sectors,10 business fields,and 18 innovative applications.At last,a basic platform with cloud edge integration for IHSR is designed.Findings-The rationality,feasibility and implementability of the system architecture of IHSR have been verified on and applied to the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway,providing important support for the construction and operation of the world’s first IHSR.Originality/value-This paper systematically gives the definition and connotation of the IHSR and put forward the system architecture of IHSR for first time.It will play the most important role in the design,construction and operation of IHSR.

Coupling Relationship between Transport Superiority Degree and Urbanization in Sichuan,China

Relationship between transport superiority degree and urbanization is not quantified enough in recent researches.Combined with coupling model and coupling coordination model,the spatial analysis technique was applied to quantitatively analyzing the relationship between transport superiority degree and comprehensive urbanization in eighteen prefecture-level cities in Sichuan from 2000 to 2011. An evaluation index system was constructed,and index weights were obtained using the variation coefficient method. The traffic volume was found to be the main factor contributing to transport superiority degree, and space urbanization was the primary factor influencing comprehensive urbanization. The coupling degree between transport superiority degree and urbanization( CU) was generally higher than the coupling coordination degree( DU) in 2000-2011. DUvaried more significantly than CU. In 2011, Sichuan was divided into five regional types. Based on the above observations, targeted recommendations were developed.

Interactive Effect and Spatial Characteristics of Agricultural Development Level and Transport Superiority Degree in Main Grain-producing Areas of the Central Jilin Province,China

To investigate the spatial synergy between agricultural development level and transport superiority degree in grain-producing areas of the central Jilin Province and the driving mechanism between them,22 counties in the central Jilin Province were used as the research units to calculate agricultural development level and transport superiority degree using the entropy weighting method,weighted travel time and raster cost distance.The spatial econometric model was used to analyze the mechanism of the mutual influence between the two.The main conclusions are as follows.1)Agricultural development level around Changchun,the provincial capital city,and in the areas of Changchun-Jilin and Changchun-Gongzhuling is high,whereas the development level of the counties in the southwest is low.2)Transport superiority degree of each county has improved,the overall connectivity of the road networks has been optimized,and the level of transportation accessibility has shown the development trend of‘centralization’,exhibiting the characteristics of proximity diffusion.3)Locally,there is spatial heterogeneity in the mutual driving effects of the two,with six main patterns.4)The theoretical conditions of von Thunen’s agricultural location have changed under the conditions of market economy due to the improvement of the transport networks,the new model of agricultural development,and the changes of the market system.

Regional container transportation system for Northeast Asia economic cooperation in the 21^(st) century

In this paper, the roles of infrastructure development and transportation coordination for Northeast Asian economic cooperation are discussed. It would be necessary to establish an efficient transportation network as soon as possible. 'Hub-and-Spoke'transportation system and China-Korean peninsula railway container transportation system might be more significant for regional economic cooperation.

干旱胁迫对冬小麦物质转运和不同小穗位籽粒产量的影响

【目的】探究不同冬小麦品种物质转运和不同小穗位产量对拔节至成熟期干旱胁迫的响应。【方法】试验以常规品种济麦22和抗旱品种中麦36为材料,在自动防雨水肥控制池内进行,采用测墒补灌技术实现水分条件的控制。设置顶端小穗形成期到成熟期持续干旱(WS:40%~45%FC,FC为田间持水量)和对照处理(CK:80%~85%FC)。调查拔节后不同小穗位小花发育动态,强、弱势粒灌浆速率和产量等指标,以及各器官花前、花后干物质积累运转量。【结果】1)干旱胁迫促进济麦22穗中部和上部的小花原基发育进程,显著减少了小花原基数量,导致穗部发育不平衡,而对中麦36各部位小花原基发育进程和数量无显著影响。2)干旱胁迫下,抗旱品种中麦36的开花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量(Pre-DT)和转运率(Pre-DTE)较对照条件下分别显著降低34.8%和33.2%,降低了花前贮藏干物质运转对籽粒的贡献率(Pre-DCR),但开花后干物质积累量(Post�DA)及其对籽粒的贡献率(Post-DCR)分别提高5.1%和25.7%;常规品种济麦22的花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率比对照提高了32.1%,Post-DA和Post-DCR分别降低了40.4%和21.3%。干旱胁迫下,中麦36 Pre-DCR的下降主要因为茎秆Pre-DCR的降低,而济麦22的Pre-DCR比对照提高了1.4倍,主要是由穗轴和颖壳Pre-DCR的增加所致。3)济麦22叶鞘、茎秆及穗轴+颖壳中的干物质向籽粒转运受到干旱的抑制,而中麦36仅茎秆和穗轴+颖壳受到干旱的抑制。与正常条件相比,干旱致使济麦22的籽粒灌浆速率下降42%,对中麦36无显著影响。济麦22上部和中部小穗位强势粒受干旱影响较大,而中麦36上部小穗位弱势粒受干旱影响较大,表现为济麦22的穗粒数、单粒重和单穗产量降幅(7.6%、15.9%和24.3%)均高于中麦36(3.3%、9.5%和16.3%)。【结论】抗旱品种主要靠开花后干物质积累来增加籽粒产量,而常规品种主要靠转运开花前营养器官贮藏干物质来增加籽粒产量。干旱胁迫条件下,常规品种济麦22的籽粒产量降幅显著高于抗旱品种中麦36,主要原因是干旱导致济麦22不同小穗位小花原基的发育不平衡,叶鞘、茎秆及穗轴+颖壳的干物质转移到籽粒的过程均受抑制,且中部和上部小穗位强势粒受到影响,导致灌浆速率显著降低。抗旱品种中麦36在干旱胁迫下通过降低茎秆开花前营养器官贮藏干物质转运量,提高开花后营养器官干物质积累量对籽粒贡献率应对干旱胁迫,且干旱胁迫主要影响弱势粒。

信阳市旅游资源禀赋与交通优势度评价分析

旅游资源和旅游交通是旅游业发展的基础,良好的旅游资源禀赋和优越的交通有助于推动旅游业的高质量发展。本文通过构建旅游资源禀赋和交通优势度的评价模型,对信阳市各县区的旅游资源禀赋和交通优势度进行综合评价分析。研究结果表明:(1)信阳市各县区旅游资源禀赋和交通优势度存在明显的差异;(2)交旅双优型的县区为平桥区和光山县,交劣旅优型的县区为浉河区和新县,交优旅劣型的县区为罗山县和固始县,交旅双劣型县区为商城县、息县、潢川县和淮滨县。进一步根据不同类型的县区,提出了相应的旅游业发展对策,以期为信阳市旅游业的发展提供理论支撑和辅助决策依据。

基于开放数据的云南迪庆藏族自治州综合交通优势度

国土空间规划中科学评价规划区域的交通基础设施发展水平,对提高规划科学性具有现实意义。利用低成本开放数据,从交通本质出发,构建由4个因子组成的评价模型,在云南迪庆藏族自治州国土空间规划中进行综合交通优势度研究。结果表明:利用开放数据可降低模型应用难度,提高评价精度和可靠性;评价显示迪庆藏族自治州综合交通优势度与其自然地理空间分布特征吻合,呈明显的“带”状分布,因此未来应优先提升澜沧江带的优势度;基于数据分析利于布局时“以流定形”,分析表明缺乏快速道路体系是迪庆藏族自治州交通供给侧的最大短板,在城市网络中其对外交通在西藏、四川方向优势度较弱,通道建设亟待加强。研究结果可为数慧赋能实现交通系统与“三生空间”融合发展和在地市级国土空间规划中应用综合交通优势理论提供参考价值。

Spatial relationship of high-speed transportation construction and land-use efficiency and its mechanism:Case study of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration

Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relationship between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. We built a model to evaluate the benefits of convenient high-speed transportation using the relative density of highways and the distance from high-speed rail stations and airports as a metric. We used 42 counties of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example. Land-use efficiency was calculated by a DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. We examined the spatial relationships between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency and obtained the following results. First, there are significant spatial differences in the relationships between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the hubs, the core surrounding counties show significant spatial relationship between land-use efficiency and the high-speed transportation superiority degree. Spatial correlation declines as the distance from the hubs increases. Land-use efficiency is less than high-speed transportation convenience in areas along the transportation trunks that are distant from the hub cities. Correlation is low in areas that are away from both hub cities and transportation trunk routes. Second, high-speed transportation has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency due to the mechanism of element agglomeration exogenous growth. Third, high-speed transportation facilitates the flow of goods, services and technologies between core cities and peripheral cities as space spillover(the hub effect). This alters the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency. Finally, the short-board effect caused by decreased high-speed transport construction can be balanced by highway construction and the proper node layouts of high-speed rail stations and airports, resulting in a well-balanced spatial pattern of land-use efficiency.

Discussion on Development Mode of Large Railway Hubs in High-speed Rail Era:From Transportation Complex to Urban Complex

At present, most of China's railway hubs are developed to be transportation complexes, with some problems like unsmooth traffic circulation, mixed but disordered functions, separated spaces, etc. In high-speed rail era, high-speed railway hubs should be regarded as the catalyst to promoted urban development. The mode of urban complex should be developed, to closely connect the railway hub and the surrounding area within walking distance, so as people could get to their destinations in the most convenient way. Furthermore, it would strengthen people's aggregation, thus to bring about larger scale urban development by the successful development of urban complex.

ANALYSIS OF SALTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BED-LOAD TRANSPORT IN FLOWING WATER

The study of bed-load transport is of great significance both in theory and in practice.This paper discusses the saltation of bed-load solid grains in flowing water.Experiments and theoretic analysis have been made by means of high-speed photographing and advanced data processing technique with a combined method based on mechanical and statistical theories.It indicates that the saltation is the main form of the bed-load transport under ordinary flowing conditions.In the meantime,taking suecessive saltation as the mod- el of bed-load transport,systematic analysis has been made with regard to the kinematic properties and mechanism of saltation.The statistical analysis shows that the probability density functions of the relative height and length of saltation are in conformity with Γ-type distribution,while the probability density func- tions of the relative velocities of saltation are in conformity with the Gaussian distribution.

Effects of Comprehensive High-speed Transportation Hubs on Spatial Structure of Urban Development:A Case Study on Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Area

This paper, by studying the mechanism of the spatial restructuring of urban development and the effects of comprehensive high-speed transportation hubs on it, analyzes the development trends of comprehensive high-speed transportation in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Area and the impacts of the growing urban area centered on comprehensive high-speed transportation hubs, like airport and high-speed railway station, on the urban development of this area. It also proposes some strategies for the spatial restructuring of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Area in view of the development of the comprehensive high-speed transportation hubs, like Huanghua Airport and Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway Station.

For the Greater Good?—A Critical Reflection on Assessing Indirect Economic Effects Caused by Large Transport Projects

Investing in large transport projects affects the (potential) economic development of metropolitan areas. Yet, very little critical research has been performed to understand how to assess these effects. The relationship between infrastructure investments and regional economic development is complex and indirect, and many theoretical and methodological difficulties remain. On the one hand, the assumption that investing in infrastructure is important to sustain economic growth is sometimes doubted. On the other hand, it is argued that investments in infrastructure enhance the accessibility of urban regions and that in the slipstream of such investments, social problems in urban regions can be tackled as well. Despite these contrasting views, there is at least a consensus that transport infrastructure development depends on economic development and vice versa. Yet, in many cases, the method of assessing economic impacts highly affects the results. Therefore, this paper focuses on a critical reflection of methods for estimating economic effects of infrastructure investments. A critical evaluation is made based on Indonesian and Japanese cases. After conducting in-depth desk research on both cases, we found that the broader effects on affected group of people tend to be overlooked due to the problems of time and space dimensions, the chain reaction of effects, and inappropriate data practices. The assessment on the appraisal processes tends to overlook the broader economic implication due to narrow focus and the concept of efficiency of economic theory.

青藏高原县域交通优势度-自然环境承载-社会经济需求关系评估

交通是人地关系地域系统的重要构成,在区域发展进程中具有复杂的影响与作用。作为世界典型的大尺度生态环境脆弱区,青藏高原地区的交通设施建设需在保护与发展的权衡中综合判断。该研究尝试基于多源数据,围绕青藏高原交通设施体系、自然生态系统、人类社会系统开展实证,辨析其中的关系及寻求适应性的优化。结果表明:①交通优势度以西宁的城西区等市辖区为高值核心,沿青藏高原东北部边缘形成优势带;西藏形成围绕拉萨的中心-外围结构,限于区位方面的劣势,拥有机场的边远区县也不具备明显的交通优势。②自然环境承载与社会经济需求的空间分布特征相反,如中西部区县自然环境承载较强但社会经济需求水平低,多数县域自然环境承载得分趋低,而当前社会经济需求较低的县未来出行需求或较快增长。以上趋势值得关注。③交通优势度与自然环境承载、社会经济需求虽整体呈正相关性,但2015年36个、2020年28个县三个维度的得分具有中度以上的结构性差异,交通与地域之间的关系有待协调。据此,提出政策建议:交通发展较好、结构性差异不大的县域应关注交通“提质”,但也应规避大规模新建交通带来的潜在生态环境胁迫;对于边境等“供不应求”的县域应完善高等级交通干线、改善路网衔接、发展通用航空运输来满足居民出行、边境点轴开发及国土凝聚的需求。该研究期望为青藏高原全域及相关县域交通发展与规划布局提供参考,有助于实现青藏高原等大尺度生态脆弱区的交通与地域相适应、保护与发展相协同的双赢。

国际枢纽城市交通区位优势与双循环优势耦合研究

在构建国内国际双循环的新发展格局下,交通作为连接生产和消费的基础环节,是扩大循环规模、提高循环效率的重要依托。以我国20个国际交通枢纽城市为研究对象,构建交通区位优势度的评价模型和城市双循环优势的评价指标体系,并进一步对交通区位优势度与双循环优势度的耦合协调度展开研究,分析两者空间分布格局。研究结果表明,我国国际交通枢纽城市的交通区位优势与双循环优势的耦合协调程度基本处于中低水平,仍有很大提升空间;从空间上看,我国国际枢纽城市的交通区位优势和双循环优势的耦合度和耦合协调度都存在着明显差异,并呈现出明显的圈层结构;交通区位优势与双循环优势的耦合协调度地区分布与双循环优势存在较强的空间对应关系。

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of high-speed maglev train suspension system with partial actuator failure: design and experiments

High-speed maglev trains will play an important role in the high-speed transportation system in the near future.However,under the conditions of strong magnetic fields and continuous operation,the actuators of the high-speed maglev train suspension system are prone to lose partial effectiveness,which makes the suspension control problem challenging.In addition,most existing fault-tolerant control(FTC)methods for suspension systems require linearization around the equilibrium points during the controller design or stability analysis.Therefore,from a practical perspective,this study presents a novel nonlinear FTC strategy with adaptive compensation for high-speed maglev train suspension systems.First,a nonlinear dynamic model of the suspension system based on join-structure is established and the actuator failures are described.Then,a nonlinear fault-tolerant suspension control law with an adaptive update law is designed to achieve stable suspension against partial actuator failure.The Lyapunov theory and extended Barbalat lemma are utilized to rigorously prove the closed-loop asymptotic stability even if there is partial actuator failure,without any approximation to the original nonlinear dynamics.Finally,hardware experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Development and application of a life cycle energy consumption and CO2emissions analysis model for high-speed railway transport in China

China's high-speed railway(HSR)is booming recently,the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attractedmuch attention.This study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions on China's HSR bylife cycle analysis(LCA),covering the stages of infrastructure,HSR train,and operation,based on the TLCAM(Tsinghua-LCA Model).A caseof the BeijingeShanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportationare 0.4 MJ km1per capita and 0.04 kg CO2ekm1per capita,respectively,which are far less than aviation,gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,electric vehicles and public vehicles.With the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology,the energy consumption andcarbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20%compared to 2015.This study indicates that electricity generation mix structure andfull load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportation.It is recommendedto improve the coverage of HSR network,accelerate train upgrades,improve the full load rate of HSR trains,and promote the low-carbondevelopment of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in China.HSR transportationcan be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.

中国区域交通优势的甄别方法及应用分析

一个区域的交通优势反映在"质"、"量"和"势"三个方面,每个方面具有相对独立而具体的内涵,对区域社会经济的发展具有不同的作用,其中任一方面的刻画和评价仅仅反映区域交通优劣的一个侧面,只有三方面的综合集成刻画与评价才能真正反映一个区域交通环境的优劣。基于交通地理学的基本理论,界定了交通优势度的基本概念,并建立了交通优势度的基本表述结构,包括交通网络密度、交通干线影响度和区位优势度;同时基于GIS技术,从分项和综合集成两个角度构筑了交通优势度评价的空间数理模型。以我国2365个地域单元为样本的实证分析发现,我国的区域交通优势度呈"偏正态"分布特征,极少数的地域(比例为1.4%)具有非常突出的交通优势,社会经济发展具有非常优越的交通环境;大约1/8的地域(12.4%)交通条件处于非常明显的劣势,交通环境是其社会经济发展的不利条件;大约70%地域处于评价样本的中游或中游偏上水平。从区域上看,交通优势大致由沿海逐渐向内陆依次递减;长江三角洲、京津冀、珠江三角洲三大城镇密集区有着明显的交通优势,覆盖范围广;成渝地区和武汉都市圈也有较好的交通优势,但尚未连续成面或覆盖范围较小,其他城镇密集区和省会城市周边地区有相对较高的交通优势,但覆盖地域较小。从经济发展措施看,利用交通优势和规避交通劣势,应是进行经济活动和产业选择需要考虑的重要因素。