Chatter Suppression with Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Based on Energy Principle

A new method is proposed to suppress chatter, in which the ultrasonic elliptical vibration is added on the cutting tool edge. It results in the fact that the rake face of tool is separated from the chip and the direction of the frictional force between the rake face and the chip is reversed in each cycle of elliptical vibration cutting. The experimental investigations show that the chatter can be suppressed effectively by adding ultrasonic elliptical vibration on the cutting tool edge. In order to make clear the reason of chatter suppression, the mechanism of chatter suppression is analyzed theoretically from the viewpoint of energy.

Microstructure Transformation and Refinement Mechanism of Undercooled Cu-Ni-Co Alloy Based on Simulation of Critical Cutting Speed in Ultrasonic Machining

Both Cu60Ni38Co2 and Cu60Ni40 alloy were naturally cooled after rapid solidification from the liquid phase.The transformation law of the microstructure characteristics of the rapidly solidified alloy with the change of undercooling(ΔT)was systematically studied.It is found that the two alloys experience the same transformation process.The refinement structures under different undercoolings were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The results show that the characteristics of the refinement structure of the two alloys with low undercooling are the same,but the characteristics of the refinement structure with high undercooling are opposite.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results of Cu60Ni38Co2 alloy show that the dislocation network density of low undercooled microstructure is lower than that of high undercooled microstructure.By combining EBSD and TEM,it could be confirmed that the dendrite remelting fracture is the reason for the refinement of the low undercooled structure,while the high undercooled structure is refined due to recrystallization.On this basis,in the processing of copper base alloys,there will be serious work hardening phenomenon and machining hard problem of consciousness problems caused by excessive cutting force.A twodimensional orthogonal turning finite element model was established using ABAQUS software to analyze the changes in cutting speed and tool trajectory in copper based alloy ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning.The results show that in copper based alloy ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning,cutting process parameters have a significant impact on cutting force.Choosing reasonable process parameters can effectively reduce cutting force and improve machining quality.

Chatter stability and precision during high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting of a thin-walled titanium cylinder

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries due to their unique mechanical and physical properties.Specifically,thin-walled titanium(Ti)cylinders have received increasing attention for their applications as rocket engine casings,aircraft landing gear,and aero-engine hollow shaft due to their observed improvement in the thrust-to-weight ratio.However,the conventional cutting(CC)process is not appropriate for thin-walled Ti cylinders due to its low thermal conductivity,high strength,and low stiffness.Instead,high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting(HUVC)assisted processing has recently proved highly effective for Ti-alloy machining.In this study,HUVC technology is employed to perform external turning of a thinwalled Ti cylinder,which represents a new application of HUVC.First,the kinematics,tool path,and dynamic cutting thickness of HUVC are evaluated.Second,the phenomenon of mode-coupling chatter is analyzed to determine the effects and mechanism of HUVC by establishing a critical cutting thickness model.HUVC can increase the critical cutting thickness and effectively reduce the average cutting force,thus reducing the energy intake of the system.Finally,comparison experiments are conducted between HUVC and CC processes.The results indicate that the diameter error rate is 10%or less for HUVC and 51%for the CC method due to a 40%reduction in the cutting force.In addition,higher machining precision and better surface roughness are achieved during thin-walled Ti cylinder manufacturing using HUVC.

Design of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting system for tungsten heavy alloy

Nanoscale surface roughness of tungsten heavy alloy components is required in the nuclear industry and precision instruments.In this study,a high-performance ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting(UEVC)system is developed to solve the precision machining problem of tungsten heavy alloy.A new design method of stepped bending vibration horn based on Timoshenko’s theory is first proposed,and its design process is greatly simplified.The arrangement and working principle of piezoelectric transducers on the ultrasonic vibrator using the fifth resonant mode of bending are analyzed to realize the dual-bending vibration modes.A cutting tool is installed at the end of the ultrasonic vibration unit to output the ultrasonic elliptical vibration locus,which is verified by finite element method.The vibration unit can display different three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)UEVC characteristics by adjusting the corresponding position of the unit and workpiece.A dual-channel ultrasonic power supply is developed to excite the ultrasonic vibration unit,which makes the UEVC system present the resonant frequency of 41 kHz and the maximum amplitude of 14.2μm.Different microtopography and surface roughness are obtained by the cutting experiments of tungsten heavy alloy hemispherical workpiece with the UEVC system,which validates the proposed design’s technical capability and provides optimization basis for further improving the machining quality of the curved surface components of tungsten heavy alloy.

Development of Integrated Precision Vibration-Assisted Micro-Engraving System

A novel precision vibration-assisted micro-engraving system was developed by the integration of fast tool servo and ultrasonic elliptical vibration system, in which the flexure hinge was designed to avoid backlash and PID control algorithm was established to guarantee specific precision. Apart from experimental validation of the performance of the system, various micro-V-grooves cutting experiments on aluminum alloy, ferrous material and hard cutting material were performed, in which Kistler force sensor was used to measure cutting force. Through experiments, it was clear that the vibration-assisted micro-engraving system can ensure good quality of micro-V-grooves and reduce cutting force by about 60% compared with traditional removal process without ultrasonic vibration.

超声椭圆振动铣削钛合金的稳定性研究

超声椭圆振动铣削是一种能够降低切削力、改善工件表面质量、抑制颤振、提高加工效率等的切削加工技术。目的 为了实现无颤振铣削钛合金材料,方法 采用超声椭圆振动铣削加工技术,并对加工系统的稳定性展开研究。超声椭圆振动铣削在加工过程中具有高频断续的加工特性,瞬态切厚模型与普通铣削不同。为了求出该系统的真实瞬态切厚,利用MATLAB软件仿真求解超声椭圆振动铣削的刀尖运动方程并分析刀尖运动轨迹,采用坐标法建立窗口函数,预判求解刀齿的瞬时切厚。在此基础上利用非线性周期函数的线性化理论,建立超声椭圆振动铣削的动力学模型。通过全离散法求解系统状态转移矩阵的特征值,利用Floquet定理判定系统的稳定性,获得不同转速对应的临界切深,构建超声椭圆振动铣削和普通铣削系统的稳定性预测曲线,并通过颤振试验进行验证和分析。结果 结果表明:超声椭圆振动铣削系统随着转速增加,系统的轴向切深极限值和稳定性区域不断增加;转速达到6 000 r/min时,轴向切深极限值急剧增加;转速小于3 000 r/min时,超声椭圆振动铣削无颤振加工的轴向切深极限值比普通铣削提高了50%。结论 数值仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了理论模型和预测稳定性曲线是有效和可靠的。

CMQL和UEV下Incone1690镍基合金切削力和温度分析

低温微量润滑(CMQL)可以使切削阶段达到更优的切削摩擦性能,提升刀具耐磨性能并获得更优减磨效果;超声椭圆振动(UEV)能够提高难加工合金的切削性能。在超声椭圆振动基础上设置低温微量润滑条件,并通过实验分析其切削效果。研究结果表明:采用UEV和CCMQL模式时,切削力与进给力降低比例依次为62.3%与75.0%,在低温微量润滑过程能够实现更低温度控制效果,有效防止工件的热软化问题。普通切削时温度都接近445℃。UEV可以获得更低温度,同时运用UEV和CMQL处理方式,温度下降了16.1%,采用UEV和CCMQL方式时,温度下降19.5%。通过降低喷嘴角度的方式,获得更低切削雾滴温度,刀尖应力出现降低实现刀具保护,促进刀具寿命延长。该研究有助于改善合金切削工艺,对提高切削质量提供了一个思路。

双弯曲旋转超声椭圆振动加工系统设计

由于旋转超声单一振动模式加工效率提升有限,因此采用超声振动激励源耦合法设计了一种双弯曲旋转超声椭圆振动加工系统。推导弯曲波动方程,计算的弯曲超声振动系统参数与仿真结果的理论分析误差仅为5%。耦合双弯曲旋转超声椭圆振动加工系统2个不同方向的振动,控制弯振频率偏差低于1%。对超声刀柄的法兰位置与形状进行有限元分析发现,开设减振槽有利于增大弯振振幅,并确定了法兰的最佳位置。对双弯曲旋转超声椭圆振动加工系统的振动频率和振幅进行测试,结果表明:所设计系统在工作频率和2个方向的振幅均满足设计预期。

超声椭圆振动切削难加工材料的研究进展

超声椭圆振动切削具有断续切削特性的切削优势,已成为国内外研究及应用的热点,尤其适用于脆性材料、复合材料等难加工材料的高性能制造加工领域。目前该技术的机理及对难加工材料的适配工艺方面仍不成熟,需要进一步地探索和实践。通过超声椭圆振动切削机理、特性以及对加工表面质量影响因素的分析,阐明了其在加工中低切削温度、低切削力、低损伤、高尺寸精度以及良好表面完整性的独特优势,综述了在塑性材料、脆性材料、复合材料等难加工材料领域的应用,为后续研究超声椭圆振动切削技术提供了参考。

超声椭圆振动铣削钛合金切削力和残余应力分析

铣削工艺以其高表面加工质量在制造领域中占有一席之地。为了进一步提高铣削精度,引入椭圆振动进行辅助加工,分析铣削钛合金切削力和残余应力特性。研究结果表明:当增大附加幅值时,平均径向切割力呈不断下降,有利于强化超声波椭振铣削作用,使加工周期明显缩短,而平均切削力也随之减小。随着超声振幅增大,表面残余应力增加,表面残余应力由表面最大点随深度增大持续下降,获得了稳定表面残余应力。该研究为后续的超声椭圆振动铣削工艺优化奠定一定的理论基础。

超声椭圆振动切削SiCp/Al复合材料仿真研究

SiCp/Al复合材料具有优异的物理性能,但颗粒的存在导致其加工困难。颗粒材料的超硬性和耐磨性、加工表面的损伤以及刀具的磨损被认为是该类颗粒复合材料加工的主要障碍。目的 针对SiCp/AI复合材料难加工特性,通过对比常规切削(CC)与超声椭圆振动切削(UEVC)来研究其加工机理,分析两种加工方式下颗粒的损伤对切屑形成以及表面质量的影响。方法 基于Si Cp/Al复合材料的实际微观结构建立切削模型,采用有限元仿真的方法从微观层面展现其切削过程,能够直观呈现两种加工方式下颗粒损伤对切屑形成、刀具磨损以及表面质量的影响,进而预测复合材料在实际加工过程中可能遇到的问题,提出相应的解决方案。结果CC加工为锯齿状切屑,切削过程中主要为颗粒对刀具的两体滑动摩擦以及铝基体粘着摩擦,加工中导致的地下损伤严重。而UEVC加工时切屑易成段分离,切削过程中主要为颗粒对刀具的三体滚动摩擦,切屑根部聚集的颗粒相较CC加工过程较少,弱化了对加工表面的损伤。在两种加工方式下,加工表面存在以下缺陷:颗粒破碎、颗粒凸起、大空腔、凹坑以及沟槽等。结论 总体来说,UEVC加工有利于断屑,导致的损伤缺陷更少,颗粒破损程度更小,能大幅降低切削力,对改善SiCp/Al复合材料加工表面质量有一定效果。

超声椭圆振动切削装置应用现状及发展综述

椭圆振动切削装置可很好地解决高性能材料的硬脆性加工难的问题。椭圆振动切削装置通过给刀具施加超声振动使刀具与工件分离,这种方式可降低切削力,提高工件表面的加工质量。该文首先介绍了该装置的切削原理,其次对其结构特点和研究现状做了分析,最后对该装置的性能特性进行了总结。目的是通过对这类装置的介绍和性能分析,使超精密加工领域的相关科研工作者和技术人员较好地掌握类似装置的性能特性,为后续加工装置的优化设计提供理论参考。

超声椭圆振动切削去除退役光伏组件含氟背板仿真研究

光伏组件中的背板是一种含氟塑料,回收利用价值低且易产生环境污染,需要提前去除集中处理。为了研究超声椭圆振动切削(UEVC)去除退役光伏组件含氟背板的优越性,开展了超声椭圆振动切削(UEVC)与常规切削(CC)的对比仿真实验,并针对UEVC进行以切削速度、切削深度、切向振幅和频率为变量的单因素仿真实验。仿真结果表明:UEVC过程中,切削温度和切削力与切削速度和切削深度成正相关,与切向幅值和频率成负相关。其中,切削力受到切削深度的影响最显著。相对于CC而言,UEVC能够明显降低切削力和切削温度,其中,主切削力降低43%,切削温度降低11%,是一种在无污染的前提下去除退役光伏组件含氟背板的有效加工方式。

二维超声振动车削6061铝合金圆筒表面粗糙度研究

目的研究分析二维超声振动车削加工中切削参数和声学参数对6061铝合金圆筒表面粗糙度的影响。方法结合二维超声振动特性,建立二维超声振动车削表面粗糙度理论模型,采用四因素四水平正交试验,获得二维超声振动车削6061铝合金圆筒过程中切削参数和声学参数对工件表面粗糙度的影响规律,选取其中4组进行二维超声振动车削与普通车削对比实验,并通过白光干涉仪和超景深显微镜对加工后的工件表面进行观测。结果正交试验结果表明,切深对加工表面粗糙度的影响不明显,超声振幅、转速、进给量对加工表面粗糙度的影响程度分别为84.35%、11.36%、4.29%。超声和无超声对比实验表明,二维超声振动车削相较于普通车削能显著降低车削表面的粗糙度,最大下降率为47.65%,最小下降率为11.27%;相比于普通车削加工,二维超声振动车削表面具有均匀分布的鱼鳞状微织构。结论加工参数对表面粗糙度影响的显著从高到低为超声振幅>转速>进给量>切深,最优加工参数为fr=0.15 mm/r、n=400 r/min、A=2μm、ap=0.2 mm。采用二维超声振动车削的加工方法,可以显著降低6061铝合金圆筒表面的粗糙度值,并且加工表面有均匀分布的鱼鳞状微织构。

SiC_(p)/Al超声椭圆振动车削力热特性仿真研究

SiC_(p)/Al复合材料在航空航天、精密仪器等诸多领域发挥重要作用,但是其在加工中会出现较高的切削力和切削温度,从而降低其车削加工表面质量和精度。为探究超声椭圆振动作用及车削工艺参数对SiC_(p)/Al车削的影响,在ABAQUS中建立了SiC_(p)/Al超声椭圆振动有限元车削仿真模型,优化了SiC_(p)/Al微观几何建模方法,对车削模型进行验证并开展车削仿真试验研究。试验结果表明,超声椭圆振动车削可有效减少亚表面损伤、表面裂纹等缺陷。通过变切速和变切深单因素试验,发现随着切削速度和切削深度增加,普通和超声车削主切削力和切削温度均增大,超声椭圆振动技术可有效降低SiC_(p)/Al车削过程的主切削力和切削温度。在所选参数中,切深100μm、切速200mm/s时超声作用降低切削力作用最大;切深20μm、切速600 mm/s时超声作用降低切削温度作用最大。

超声椭圆振动切削技术及装置应用研究现状及进展

首先,阐述了超声椭圆振动切削技术、原理及其装置特点,着重论述了装置各构成部分的特点及其主要应用类型与材料。其次,分析了国内外学者在双激励、单激励方式下实现纵弯、纵扭、双弯曲和弯扭等复合超声振动装置结构设计及其优化方面的研究成果与进展,并且比较了超声椭圆振动切削与传统加工在加工性能、工件表面质量和加工精度等方面的加工优势与适用范围,以及不同超声振动装置在各切削加工中所能获得的加工效果。最后,对超声椭圆振动切削装置的发展趋势进行了总结和展望,指出该装置发展将朝着结合能场的方向发展。

正交激励超声切削装置的椭圆轨迹偏转与校正

为研究超声椭圆振动切削(ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, UEVC)刀尖轨迹形成及控制,解决刀尖轨迹非正椭圆问题,建立二维正交柔性导波UEVC装置刀尖轨迹的运动学模型;分析90°相位差下非正椭圆轨迹产生原因,建立刀尖轨迹校正模型,并推导出基于正椭圆轨迹下的刀尖轨迹偏转模型。通过实验对刀尖轨迹校正模型进行验证,校正后轨迹偏离坐标轴1.67°,小于校正前偏离角度。实验结果表明,该模型能够有效地校正刀尖轨迹,可在轨迹控制方面为后续研究刀尖轨迹偏转及变刀尖轨迹超声振动加工提供理论基础。

基于ABAQUS的超声椭圆振动车削钛合金TC4数值分析

钛合金TC4在加工过程中会出现工件变形及黏结等问题,因此加工难度较大。利用ABAQUS软件创建仿真模型,对比了超声椭圆振动车削和常规切削对钛合金TC4力学特点的影响,并对比分析了超声椭圆振动车削钛合金TC4的切削速度、切向幅值、频率和切削深度对切削力的影响。结果表明,超声椭圆振动切削平均切削力随着切削深度及切削速度的增加而增加;随着切向幅值及振动频率的增加而减小;与常规切削相比,超声椭圆振动切削能够明显降低切削力,改善表面加工质量,提高加工效率。

低温微量润滑和超声椭圆振动下GH4169合金切削研究

GH4169镍基合金切削加工时容易造成明显加工硬化现象,形成了很大的切削力和切削温度,对刀具带来严重磨损。为了提高GH4169合金的切削机加工性能,结合超声椭圆振动(UEV)和低温微量润滑(CMQL)的优势设计了一种UEV+CMQL切削方式。搭建CBN刀具的GH4169合金切削实验,开展不同切削方式下切削力和切削温度性能分析。研究结果表明,采用低温微量润滑实现了切削力的大幅下降,促使工件硬度与切削力的显著提高。相比常规切削方法,以UEV与CMQL方法使温度减小19.7%。设定更低喷雾温度时刀尖应力明显减小,喷嘴角度减小可以使刀具中形成更低应力,延长刀具使用寿命,提升刀具耐磨性能并获得更优减磨效果也能够适难加工合金用,研究结果作为改善合金切削生产工艺的重要参考依据。

钛合金超声椭圆—低频扭转复合振动攻丝实验研究

为提高TC4钛合金小螺纹孔的攻丝效率,通过研制双弯复合超声椭圆振动换能器并进行超声椭圆—低频扭转复合振动攻丝实验,探讨了超声椭圆振动攻丝的特点以及低频扭转振动参数对复合振动攻丝的影响。实验结果表明,与低频扭转振动攻丝相比,复合振动攻丝在所选参数范围内能够降低约16%的攻丝扭矩,且在保持攻丝扭矩基本不变的前提下加工效率提高约1倍;低频扭转振动的净切削量越小,回退量越大,主轴转速越低,复合振动攻丝中超声椭圆振动发挥的作用越明显。