Experimental Investigation on Cavitating Flow Shedding over an Axisymmetric Blunt Body

Nowadays,most researchers focus on the cavity shedding mechanisms of unsteady cavitating flows over different objects,such as 2D/3D hydrofoils,venturi-type section,axisymmetric bodies with different headforms,and so on.But few of them pay attention to the differences of cavity shedding modality under different cavitation numbers in unsteady cavitating flows over the same object.In the present study,two kinds of shedding patterns are investigated experimentally.A high speed camera system is used to observe the cavitating flows over an axisymmetric blunt body and the velocity fields are measured by a particle image velocimetry（PIV）technique in a water tunnel for different cavitation conditions.The U-type cavitating vortex shedding is observed in unsteady cavitating flows.When the cavitation number is 0.7,there is a large scale cavity rolling up and shedding,which cause the instability and dramatic fluctuation of the flows,while at cavitation number of 0.6,the detached cavities can be conjunct with the attached part to induce the break-off behavior again at the tail of the attached cavity,as a result,the final shedding is in the form of small scale cavity and keeps a relatively steady flow field.It is also found that the interaction between the re-entrant flow and the attached cavity plays an important role in the unsteady cavity shedding modality.When the attached cavity scale is insufficient to overcome the re-entrant flow,it deserves the large cavity rolling up and shedding just as that at cavitation number of 0.7.Otherwise,the re-entrant flow is defeated by large enough cavity to induce the cavity-combined process and small scale cavity vortexes shedding just as that of the cavitation number of0.6.This research shows the details of two different cavity shedding modalities which is worthful and meaningful for the further study of unsteady cavitation.

超声时间和预留间隙对超声波辅助钎焊镁合金钎料填缝性能的影响

采用高速摄影对超声波辅助钎焊镁合金过程熔态钎料的填缝行为进行了实时观察,并研究了不等间隙中钎料的填缝行为及接头性能.结果表明,超声波在钎焊固/液界面传播对钎料填缝行为有显著的影响.钎料在平行于超声波能量传播方向上填缝,填缝长度和超声时间的动力学曲线呈直线型.超声时间相同时,预留间隙越大,钎料的填缝速度越低.在大间隙端加钎料,随超声时间增加,填缝长度减小,钎缝致密性较好;小间隙端加钎料,随超声时间增加,填缝长度先增大后减小,整个钎缝均存在缺陷.认为钎料在不等间隙的流动行为受超声诱导填缝和毛细填缝共同作用的影响.

Spark-generated bubble collapse near or inside a circular aperture and the ensuing vortex ring and droplet formation

This paper aims to study the oscillation of a sparkgenerated submerged bubble located near or inside a circular aperture made in a flat plate using high-speed visualization technique. In the case of a bubble oscillating near an aperture the initial free surface of the water was set at the bottom surface of the plate. The effects of aperture size and bubblefree surface distance on the bubble behavior as well as on the ensuing droplet dynamics are investigated. It was found that the direction of the bubble reentrant jet was towards the aperture or away from it respectively when the normalized aperture size was smaller or greater than a certain critical value. In addition, a toroidal vortex ring was observed to form, which rotated inwards as it moved away from the aperture. It was also found that if the bubble was incepted at a distance sufficiently away from a supercritical size aperture a single droplet could be produced. In the case of a bub- ble initiated in the middle of a circular aperture submerged just beneath the water free surface, the bubble was found to take the shape of an ellipsoid during its expansion. Then a reentrant jet was initiated and pierced the bubble from its top side.

犯罪现场视频的勘查与应用

视频勘查根据犯罪行为实施的场所分中心视频现场和外围视频现场;按照视频监控的方式可分为固定视频现场和移动视频现场;按照视频监控可视度分为可见现场和盲区现场。利用视频回看可寻找侦查的突破口,获取需要的线索与相关信息,确定犯罪嫌疑人体貌特征、行为细节和活动轨迹。视频勘查的不足包括认知能力需要加强,相关机制与体系需要完善。在此基础上可以放眼未来,将治理犯罪改为预防犯罪,设立"天眼"系统等进行预防犯罪。

Influence of longitudinal magnetic field on metal transfer in MIG arc welding

Metal transfer is an important phenomenon in metal inert gas （MIG） arc welding with longitudinal alternating magnetic field. It is of great significance to observe the metal transfer modes under different excitatory currents and frequencies. However, it is very difficult to view the metal transfer process directly during welding, due to the strong interference from the arc light. To obtain the relationship between the metal transfer modes and the different magnetic fields, a high-speed video camera was used to acquire the images of globules. Different metal transfer modes under the conditions of different magnetic fields and welding parameters were studied. The experiment shows clear images of droplet transfer as well as influence of longitudinal magnetic field on both metal transfer and globule shape.

Evaluation of Skills in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Using Microsoft Kinect

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,commonly known as CPR,is an emergency procedure that normally combines chest compression with artificial ventilation in an effort to preserve intact brain function manually until further measures can be taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.In this study,we evaluated the skills of CPR practitioners on the basis of kinematic data obtained from their body movements while performing CPR.In particular,we used a Microsoft Kinect sensor to evaluate CPR performance by new and more experienced practitioners and to analyze CPR skill-building techniques.Such measurement using the Kinect sensor enabled detailed information about motion at body joints to be displayed quickly and objectively,thus facilitating identification of any problems.However,we could not confirm gesture recognition and detailed motion analysis based on using a high-speed camera to capture three-dimensional(3-D)motion of the entire body,we determined the Kinect sensor to be an easily applied evaluation tool that can provide body-motion information quickly and thus serve as an objective index for evaluating CPR performance.

Use of Accelerators for Biomechanical Analysis of Walking Motion Aided by Wheeled Walking Frames

Walkers improve self-reliability. We examined the effectiveness of a newly developed wheeled walking frame for use by physically handicapped persons. Unstable gaits in walker users were analyzed by tri-axial accelerometers and a motion capture system. Several markers were placed on subjects＇ backs and legs. Subjects were requested to walk around a test course at a comfortable speed, while their motion was recorded by two high-speed video cameras. The activities performed on the test course comprised standing, normal walking, fast walking, and walking over a barrier. Any accidental falls were also recorded. We established the characteristic rules of gait motion using a walker. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gait characteristics are more conveniently extracted from acceleration sensors than from motion capture systems, since the sensors can be affixed to subjects for self-monitoring and goal achievements. The methods employing acceleration sensors are considered suitable for determining the average gait motions of elderly persons living in nursing homes, and can be used to evaluate walking motion before and aider rehabilitation.

Evaluation of Skills in Swing Technique in Classical Japanese Swordsmanship in laido Using Sensors

In this study, we analyzed the swing motions of more experienced practitioner and new practitioner of iaido players by using tri-axial acceleration sensor and gyro sensor. Iaido is a modern Japanese martial art/sport. In this way, the acceleration and gyro sensor measurement enabled detailed motion information at the installation points to be displayed in a short time, thus making it possible to easily extract the objective problems. Although it was not possible to confirm by the acceleration and angular velocity measurements the detailed motion of the entire body as obtained in the 2D motion analysis with a high-speed camera, it was confirmed that the acceleration and gyro sensor is an evaluation means that can be installed easily and can provide the exercise information in a short time as an objective index.