Prototype test study on mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structure of underwater railway shield tunnel

Based on the first unde rwater railway shield tunnel, the Shiziyang shield tunnel of Guangzhou Zhu- jiang River, the prototype test was carried out against its segmental lining structure by using ＂multi-function shield tunnel structure test system＂. And the mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structure using straight assembling and staggered assembling were studied deeply. The results showed that, the mechanical characteristics of segmental lining structure varied with the water pressures; especially after cracking, the high water pressure played a significant role in slowing down the growing inner force and deformation. It also testi- fied that the failure characteristics varied with straight assembling structure and staggered assembling structure. Shear thilurc often occurred near longitudinal seam when using straight assembling.

Modeling and analysis of passive dynamic bipedal walking with segmented feet and compliant joints

Passive dynamic walking has been developed as a possible explanation for the efficiency of the human gait. This paper presents a passive dynamic walking model with segmented feet, which makes the bipedal walking gait more close to natural human-like gait. The proposed model extends the simplest walking model with the addition of fiat feet and torsional spring based compliance on ankle joints and toe joints, to achieve stable walking on a slope driven by gravity. The push-off phase includes foot rotations around the toe joint and around the toe tip, which shows a great resemblance to human normal walking. This paper investigates the effects of the segmented foot structure on bipedal walking in simulations. The model achieves satisfactory walking results on even or uneven slopes.

Piezoelectric sensing method for segmental joint contact stress during shield tunnel construction

The emergence of curved shield tunnels poses a significant construction challenge.If the quality of the segment assembly is not guaranteed,many segment cracks and damage will result from the stress concentration.Sensing the contact stresses between segmental joints is necessary to improve the quality of segments assembled for shield tunnel construction.Polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)piezoelectric material was chosen for the sensor because it can convert contact stresses into electrical signals,allowing the state of the segmental joints to be effectively sensed.It matches the working environment between the segmental joints of the shield tunnel,where flexible structures such as rubber gaskets and force transfer pads are present.This study proposes a piezoelectric sensing method for segmental joints in shield tunnels and conducts laboratory tests,numerical analyses,and field tests to validate the feasibility of the method.The results indicate that the PVDF film sensor can effectively sense the entire compression process of the gasket with different amounts of compression.The piezoelectric cable sensor can effectively sense the joint offset direction of the gasket.For differently shaped sections,the variation in the force sensed by the piezoelectric cable sensors was different,as verified by numerical simulation.Through the field test,it was found that the average contact stress between the segmental joints was in the range of 1.2–1.8 MPa during construction of the curved shield tunnels.The location of the segmental joints and the type of segment affect the contact stress value.The field monitoring results show that piezoelectric sensing technology can be successfully applied during assembly of the segments for effective sensing of the contact stress.

Strength behaviour of a model rock intersected by non-persistent joint

Several constructions in the field of civil engineering quite often need to deal with rocks.Strength behaviour of rock intersected by a discontinuity or a set of discontinuities has been a topic of keen interest for engineering community.The popular attributes of discontinuities that have been given due importance are their frequency,orientation and surface characteristics.Non-persistency,however,has been given little attention.This article presents an experimental study wherein focus has been made on the effect of non-persistency of the joint on the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of a model rock for various geometries such as orientation,discontinuity length ratio and number of joint segments.The applicability of single plane of weakness theory(SPWT)to assess the strength of jointed specimens has also been evaluated.It has been noticed that SPWT captures the strength behaviour only for a narrow range of discontinuity orientations.As an improvement,an approach is suggested by extending concepts of degree of persistence and joint factor to have a better understanding towards strength behaviour of rocks intersected by non-persistent joints.

Context Information and Fragments Based Cross-Domain Word Segmentation

A new joint decoding strategy that combines the character-based and word-based conditional random field model is proposed.In this segmentation framework,fragments are used to generate candidate Out-of-Vocabularies(OOVs).After the initial segmentation,the segmentation fragments are divided into two classes as "combination"(combining several fragments as an unknown word) and "segregation"(segregating to some words).So,more OOVs can be recalled.Moreover,for the characteristics of the cross-domain segmentation,context information is reasonably used to guide Chinese Word Segmentation(CWS).This method is proved to be effective through several experiments on the test data from Sighan Bakeoffs 2007 and Bakeoffs 2010.The rates of OOV recall obtain better performance and the overall segmentation performances achieve a good effect.

大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头抗弯性能试验研究

纵缝接头是盾构隧道受力性能的薄弱部位,管片接头的形式直接影响盾构隧道的力学性能。目前国内的盾构隧道纵缝接头使用的连接件多为螺栓,新型纵缝接头使用了一种新的连接件—滑入式连接件,此种接头在大直径盾构隧道中的受力性能有待研究。本文以新型纵缝接头为研究对象,针对两种不同型号的滑入式连接件,采用模型试验的方法探究了大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头的受力性能,通过理论分析计算了新型纵缝接头的极限承载力,并比较分析了传统螺栓纵缝接头和新型纵缝接头的受力性能。结果表明:新型接头衬砌管片的薄弱部位在连接件周围的混凝土区域;滑入式连接件的型号直接影响新型纵缝接头的受力性能,两种接头中连接件尺寸较大的接头转角刚度相较于连接件尺寸较小的接头转角刚度增加了7.2~169.5%,极限承载能力增加了69.9%;新型纵缝接头比螺栓接头有更高的转角刚度,受力性能更好,适用于大直径盾构隧道。

大直径盾构隧道纵向刚度增强措施研究

为研究不同环缝接头结构对盾构隧道纵向刚度的增强效果,采用等效连续化模型计算得到断面直径对隧道纵向拉压、纵向抗剪和纵向抗弯刚度的影响规律,将隧道纵向刚度增强措施与管片环缝接头结构相联系,采用数值模拟深入探究了9种环缝接头结构的力学性能,对比得到增强隧道纵向刚度效果最优的环缝接头结构。结果表明:直径对纵向拉压和纵向抗弯刚度影响较小,对纵向抗剪刚度影响较大;环缝接头刚度增强措施能够显著减小管片位移,提高隧道纵向刚度,提升效果为:斜螺栓>弯螺栓,定位榫>剪力销>凹凸榫;螺栓型式和纵向刚度增强措施均对螺栓最大剪切应力有较大影响,竖向荷载下受螺栓型式影响较大,水平向荷载下受管片环缝接头刚度增强措施影响较大;结合经济性和有效性,当接头螺栓为弯螺栓时,设置定位榫是一种相对较优的选择。

盾构隧道结构响应特征及接缝刚度分析

掌握运营期水下盾构隧道的结构响应规律是研究隧道整体稳定性的重要组成部分。基于武汉长江隧道健康监测系统,获得了隧道结构一年(2022年4月-2023年4月)的应变和接缝监测数据,研究对比了江中断面和岸上断面的应变与接缝开度的响应规律及其差异,提出了一种计算管片环缝法向刚度的方法。研究结果表明:(1)岸上断面的管片应变、接缝张开度的平均年度幅值均显著大于江中段断面;(2)温度对岸上断面管片的应变和接缝开度影响大于江中断面;(3)管片环缝应力-张开度曲线与岩石结构面压缩荷载-位移曲线类似,不同测点位置的应力-张开度曲线差异显著;多个测点的平均法向刚度在其张开阶段和闭合阶段比较近似,但是江中断面的环缝法向刚度明显大于岸上断面。

Experimental study on effect of ductile-iron panel stiffness on mechanical properties of segmental joints of shield tunnels

In circular shield tunnels bearing high inner pressure or rectangular shaped shield tunnels,as the axial force at the segmental lining decreases,the bolt load at the segmental joint increases.It is essential to adopt high-stiffness segmental joints to improve the bearing capacity and control the deformation at the joint position.When designing high-stiffness segmental joints,the selection of ductileiron joint panel is crucial.In this study,two types of segmental joints with different joint panels were fabricated,and the effects of joint panel stiffness on the mechanical properties of segmental joints were analyzed through full-scale sagging and hogging bending tests.The results showed that the failure mode of high-stiffness segmental joint was similar to that of large eccentric compression section.According to the difference of panel stiffness,the failure modes can be specified into two types.If the stiffness is sufficient,the joint failure occurs due to the yielding of bolts;otherwise,it occurs due to the large deformation of ductile-iron joint panels.As for the design requirement of segmental joint,the stiffness of joint panel should be sufficient,i.e.,the opening and failure of the joints are finally induced by the bolt deformation.Otherwise,before the plastic deformation of the bolts,the large deformation of the joint panels will occur under a bendingmoment-dominant load,and the bearing capacity of the joints will greatly decrease.

带定位榫盾构隧道管片接头剪切力学行为研究

外套于盾构隧道管片螺栓的空心圆锥筒定位抗剪构件定位榫能有效控制盾构管片错台量和错台值,与管片、螺栓共同形成“管片-定位榫-弯螺栓”接头.为探明盾构隧道管片受压工况、“管片-定位榫-弯螺栓”接头在剪切荷载作用下的结构力学特征和破坏机理,以内径7.5 m、外径8.3 m、弯螺栓连接的盾构隧道衬砌环的纵向接头为例,首先,建立三维有限元模型,对轴力分别为196、392、588和784 kN4种工况的接头剪切破坏全过程进行数值模拟;然后,对接头剪切破坏过程、定位榫和螺栓力学及变形特征、管片接缝面变形破坏特征进行分析;最后,采用原型剪切破坏试验对数值模拟结果进行印证和补充研究.研究结果表明:盾构隧道“管片-定位榫-弯螺栓”接头剪切破坏全过程分为接触面静摩擦、定位榫弹性变形、定位榫塑性错动和螺栓剪切破坏4个阶段;定位榫弹性变形阶段,定位榫表现为“压扁”形态,定位榫塑性错动阶段,定位榫拱顶外侧首先出现塑性屈服区,随着剪切荷载的增加,塑性区将扩展到定位榫端部和横断面内大部分区域,塑性破损过程中定位榫将超过其承载能力的外部剪切荷载转移给螺栓;螺栓杆体受力从定位榫塑性错动阶段开始,最终加载侧杆体将发生“拉直”破坏、固定侧杆体将发生弯剪破坏;管片接缝面混凝土从定位榫塑性错动阶段后期出现塑性区,初始位于榫槽内水平两侧,随着剪力增加,塑性区将向周边扩展,最终与管片内弧面手孔塑性区连通,形成“手孔-螺栓孔-手孔”塑性破坏域.

基于膝关节MR图像的分割模型构建及验证

目的:构建并验证一种膝关节MR图像分割算法,旨在解决软骨细小结构识别困难、分割边界模糊、错分等问题,发现软骨的早期病变,帮助医生诊断膝骨关节炎等慢性疾病。方法:使用膝关节公开数据集SKI10进行实验验证,划分为训练集(60%)、验证集(20%)、测试集(20%);基于Transformer方法和U-Net方法,提出融合通道注意力机制和边界注意力机制的新型网络架构CE-TransUNet;以平均Dice相似系数(DSC)为主要评价指标,探索模型在膝关节MR图像分割中的性能。结果:与经典算法进行对比,CE-TransUNet具有更好的分割效果,其DSC指数达到了90.48%,在股骨和胫骨上DSC分别达到了93.55%和93.10%,在股骨软骨和胫骨软骨上DSC分别达到了87.69%和87.58%。结论:CE-TransUNet分割结果与人工分割结果有很好的一致性。其分割效果优于对比网络模型,为膝关节软骨的自动分割提供了一种新思路,能够帮助临床诊断,有较好的应用前景。

盾构隧道管片接缝内外双道密封垫防水性能试验研究

为探究螺栓孔防水对内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的影响,依托某超大直径盾构隧道工程,自主设计新型双道密封垫防水性能测试装置,开展考虑螺栓孔构造的内外双道密封垫防水体系耐水压测试。研究结果表明:1)螺栓孔对内外双侧布置双道密封垫的整体防水性能具有一定的控制作用,当螺栓孔防水能力不足时,其存在将成为内外双道密封垫防水体系的薄弱环节,可能早于内道密封垫发生渗漏,由此降低内外双道密封垫防水性能较单道密封垫的提升水平;2)当螺栓孔防水性能达到要求后,与单道密封垫相比,内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的防水能力大幅提升;3)对于超大直径盾构隧道,当管片接缝采用内外双侧布置双道密封垫时,应确保螺栓孔防水性能满足双道密封垫间的协同防水要求。

基于度量学习的电路焊点缺陷检测方法

针对目前电路焊点缺陷检测方法效率低、准确度差、焊点图像样本量小的问题,提出了一种基于度量学习的快速识别焊点缺陷的方法.首先利用工业相机搭配远心镜头获取焊点图像.通过挖掘焊点图像特征,设计交点检测法来分割焊接单元图像,制作焊点缺陷数据集.在此基础上,设计焊点图像全局特征与局部表征提取方法来对焊点的两类特征进行融合,并对注意力机制进行改进,加入到全局特征提取模块中.对焊点缺陷的检测实验结果表明该方法最终实现了准确率达到98.4%,满足焊点缺陷检测的实际生产要求.

面向病理图像分割的边缘感知网络

提出了一种针对病理切片图像的端到端语义分割方法--边缘感知网络(BPNet),以提高病理图像分割精度。BPNet网络首先在解码器阶段增加边缘感知模块,改善网络对于病理图像边缘的特征信息提取能力。然后,采用自适应通道注意力模块弥补不同层次特征间的语义差距,进一步加强网络的特征聚合能力。在此基础上,设计了一种基于结构和边缘的联合损失函数,以实现最佳的病理图像分割结果。在GlaS和MoNuSeg两个公开病理数据集上的分割实验结果表明,所提方法的Dice系数得分在两个数据集上分别达到92.21%和81.18%,有效提升了病理图像的分割精度。

采用钢管榫卯节点连接的节段预制拼装桥墩抗震性能研究

为分析钢管榫卯节点连接构造对节段预制拼装桥墩抗震性能的影响,以福建省某互通立交桥匝道桥为背景进行研究。首先进行钢管榫卯节点连接的足尺节段预制拼装桥墩试设计,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立实桥模型,对试设计的足尺节段预制拼装桥墩开展静力承载力验算;然后按1∶3.75比例缩尺,设计、制作1根整体现浇桥墩(RC)试件和1根钢管榫卯节点连接的节段预制拼装桥墩(PSBP-MTJ)试件,开展拟静力试验;最后对比分析两试件的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线与延性、累积滞回耗能、刚度退化与残余位移。结果表明:两试件的破坏模式类似,均为整体压弯型破坏,PSBP-MTJ试件塑性铰区因墩底灌浆套筒的存在而上移;两试件滞回曲线饱满无捏缩,耗能能力相当;PSBP-MTJ试件水平承载能力较RC试件提高约19%;PSBP-MTJ试件的拼装节段之间无剪切滑移出现,预应力筋延缓了其刚度退化,显著提高了其自复位性能,其残余位移仅为RC试件的67%,且残余位移与最大位移比值显著小于未采用无粘结预应力筋连接试件。

电力隧道渗漏水成因分析及治理措施研究

电力隧道内电缆数量较多,电缆及其他电力设施对水非常敏感,如果积水淹没电缆(尤其是电缆接头部位),可能会造成事故和损失。文章详细分析了暗挖、盾构等结构形式隧道的渗漏水成因,对管片、环梁、沉降缝、墙体及管孔等部位渗漏水治理措施进行研究,提出了针对性的治理建议并进行了试点应用,为电力隧道渗漏水治理工作提供参考。

基于改进U-Net的白车身焊点定位研究

针对汽车白车身生产车间环境恶劣,光污染严重,视觉系统与其他装备相结合检测白车身焊点质量时难以准确定位、效率低下的问题,提出了一种改进U-Net的焊点分割算法。通过改进卷积结构更好地融合特征层语义信息,减轻网络结构;然后改进损失函数,融入注意力机制,在正负样本不均匀的情况下更好地挖掘前景,以获取不同尺度的空间特征并建立长期的通道关系。与原始的U-Net网络相比,所提RPSA-U-Net网络的Dice系数提高了8.76%,达到0.9836,MIOU提高了11.5%,达到0.9678,网络参数量减少7%。再结合图像处理方法找到焊点中心位置,效率和精度更高,具有应用价值。

UHPC-RC节段组合梁的抗弯性能分析

为研究低预应力度条件下,不同节段接缝的超高性能混凝土-钢筋混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete-reinforced concrete,UHPC-RC)组合梁的抗弯性能,文章基于ABAQUS有限元软件,建立UHPC-RC节段组合梁的基准有限元模型,并利用已有的试验数据验证该模型的合理性。节段接缝分别为平面干接缝、平面胶接缝、齿键干接缝和齿键胶接缝,在基准有限元模型的基础上,进一步研究节段接缝类型对组合梁抗弯性能的影响。研究发现,在四点受弯加载方式下,接缝的几何特征(平面或齿键)对组合梁的极限荷载和开裂荷载影响较小,环氧树脂胶的使用对组合梁的抗弯性能影响较大。

短直螺栓接头混凝土应变分布及刚度变化规律

依托下穿白云机场盾构隧道工程,开展了不同偏心距作用下短直螺栓接头足尺试验,分析了接头混凝土和螺栓的应变特征,探究了接头刚度变化规律。结果表明:在靠近接头端面处接头受压核心区压应变呈现出规律性变化,而非受压区应变较小;拉压区混凝土应变不满足平截面假定,随着远离接头端面混凝土应变表现为沿管片厚度线性变化,接头影响逐渐削弱,接头的影响区域约为距离接头端面338 mm内;在影响区域内混凝土应变不均匀时的压缩变形与假定为混凝土应变均匀时的压缩变形等效的前提下,计算得到混凝土压缩变形影响深度约为300 mm;将该影响深度值带入接头受力解析式中计算,接头刚度理论值与试验值基本相等,验证了该值的正确性;试验和理论计算均表明正弯矩作用下,随着偏心距增大,接头刚度以指函数形式减小。

高超声速喷管流场不均匀性分析与改进

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