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A Study of the Impacts of the Spatial Differences in Climate Engineering Programs on the Intensities of Extreme High-Temperature Events in China Under A 1.5℃ Temperature Control Target
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作者 KONG Feng 《Journal of Tropical Meteorology》 SCIE 2020年第2期161-175,共15页
Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering(G4 test)and non-climate engineering(RCP4.5... Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering(G4 test)and non-climate engineering(RCP4.5),the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs(2020 to 2069)and after the implementation of those programs(2070 to 2099)were analyzed using the Weibull Distribution Theory.The results are as follows.(1)The comparison of the two scenarios shows that climate engineering has not fundamentally changed the spatial variation of the intensity of extreme hightemperature events in different recurring periods in China.It was found that in both scenarios,the extreme hightemperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the QinghaiTibet Plateau,and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region.(2)The comparison of the two scenarios shows that climate engineering in the two study periods could help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China,and the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation.(3)The comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggests that there would be no strong rebounding of extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs.Moreover,the mitigation effect of extreme high-temperature intensity during the implementation of climate engineering is significantly higher than that after the completion of climate engineering.(4)According to the comparison between the average temperature changes in China before and after the implementation of the climate project,the average temperature in China has been reduced by at least 1.25℃,which effectively alleviates global warming and is conducive to the realization of the 1.5℃temperature control target of the Paris Agreement. 展开更多
关键词 climate engineering extreme high-temperature intensities recurrence period spatial patterns climate changes
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Research on Freeze Drying and High-temperature Molding in Medium-temperature Fluorocarbon Board 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANG Dong ZHANG Pan +2 位作者 YAN Xuefang CHAN Mingyang YANG Lin 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2021年第6期777-785,共9页
A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive str... A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive strength,and improve the operating cycle.In this study,a carbon plate was prepared via a combination of high-temperature molding and freeze drying using a formulation with asphalt content much lower than the industry standard.The experimental results show that the density of the carbon plate is increased by 0.02-0.04 g/cm^(3) by improving the drying method.The carbon plate prepared in the laboratory has a bulk density of 1.814 g/cm^(3),resistivity of 29.8μΩ·m,and compressive strength of 89.27 MPa.The bulk density,room-temperature resistivity,compressive strength,graphitization,and other key indices of the carbon plates made in the laboratory and those procured from a factory in Shanxi,Datong,were tested.Additionally,the specimens were analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray fluorescence.The laboratory-made carbon plates were superior to the factory specimens in terms of all the indicators tested.The process in this study improves the performance of the carbon anode plate and is used to provide technical support for electrolytic fluorine production in enterprises.The carbon plates prepared in the laboratory fully meet the process requirements of a medium-temperature electrolytic fluorine production line,which indicates the possibility of its use in the stable production of fluorine gas. 展开更多
关键词 fluorocarbon anode high density freeze drying high-temperature molding
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Performance Study of Dynamic Intake and Exhaust Facades in Hot and Dry Climates:Iraq Case Study
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作者 S.M.Hosseinalipour S.Asiaei Ammar A.Hussain Al-Taee 《Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer》 EI 2024年第3期747-767,共21页
This paper is part of a series addressing the urgent need for effective technologies to reduce energy demand and mitigate climate impact.This study focused on the implementation and development of dynamic insulation t... This paper is part of a series addressing the urgent need for effective technologies to reduce energy demand and mitigate climate impact.This study focused on the implementation and development of dynamic insulation technology for a sustainable and energy-efficient future in the region,especially in Iraq.The study assessed the energy efficiency of dynamic insulation technology by analyzing three wallmodels(static,dynamic,and modified)during thewinter season.This paper expands the analysis to include a hot,dry summer scenario,providing valuable insights into the year-round performance of dynamic walls and enabling sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for Iraq’s climate.The study evaluates the thermal efficiency of the dynamic intake and exhaust facades during the cooling season for the city of Baghdad.The finding indicated that the dynamic intake facade reduces energy consumption by 16.3%for the dynamic wall and 17.2%for the modified dynamic wall.In addition,the dynamic exhaust front reduces energy consumption by 46%during the cooling season,with the maximum permissible exhaust air level.Dynamic insulation is suitable for hot and dry climates,improving energy consumption. 展开更多
关键词 Polystyrene beads static and dynamic facades hot and dry climate indoor air quality
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Effect of Supplementary Irrigation on the Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Context of Climate Change in the Dry Savannahs of Togo
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作者 Adjiwanou Atiglo-Gbenou Yaovi Ouézou Azouma Jean Mianikpo Sogbedji 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2024年第2期163-174,共12页
Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah regi... Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah region of Togo. A two-year trial was conducted in a controlled environment at AREJ, an agro-ecological center in Cinkassé. The plant material was sorghum variety Sorvato 28. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with three replications and three treatments as follows: T0 control plot (rainfed conditions);T1 (supplementary irrigation from flowering to grain filling stage) and T2 (supplementary irrigation from planting to grain filling stage). Two irrigation techniques (furrow and Californian system) were used under each watering treatment. The results showed that irrigation technique significantly affected panicle length with no effect on 1000 grains mass. Panicle length and grain yields varied from 15.59 to 25.71 cm and 0.0 to 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively, with the highest values (25.66 cm and 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively) under the T2 treatment with the California system-based supplementary irrigation. The comparison of results obtained on treatment T0 and T2, shows that supplementary irrigation increased the yields by at least 68.62%. Supplementary irrigation during sowing and growing season (T2) improved sorghum yields in the dry savannahs of Togo, with a better performance of the California irrigation system. 展开更多
关键词 climate Change Supplementary Irrigation Sorghum Grain Yield Dry Savannah TOGO
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Characteristics of Dry and Wet Climate in Shandong Province Based on Standardized Precipitation Index
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作者 Ningxin ZHANG Fengling ZENG Fang LI 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第3期6-15,共10页
Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morl... Based on the monthly precipitation data of 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province during 1970-2021,standardized precipitation index(SPI)was calculated,and the methods of linear fitting,mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze the change trend and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SPI index in the past 52 years.The results show that there were more normal years in Shandong Province,and the frequency reached 38.46%.There was severe drought in the 1980s and more wet years after 2003.SPI index showed an upward trend in spring,summer and winter but a weak arid trend in autumn.In addition,intense dry weather was more frequent in summer.Spatially,the climate was normal or humid in most areas of Shandong Province.The regions with more wet years were located in the central and northeast Shandong and the peninsula,while the climate was normal in the southwest and north of Shandong.The areas with more dry years were mainly located in the northwest of Shandong Province.There was mainly local and global drought in Shandong Province,and the arid area showed a decreasing trend.In the past 52 years,Shandong Province experienced quasi-4 times of alternation between dry and wet climate.The long period of 21 a was the first main period,and the climate would be still wet in Shandong Province in the future.In terms of mutation,the climate in Shandong Province became humid after 2003,and 2003 was the mutation point.After the abrupt change,the climate changed from gradually drying to wetting. 展开更多
关键词 Standardized precipitation index Shandong Province Dry and wet climate characteristics Trend analysis
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Optimisation of Thermal Comfort of Building in a Hot and Dry Tropical Climate: A Comparative Approach between Compressed Earth/Concrete Block Envelopes
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作者 Arnaud Louis Sountong-Noma Ouedraogo Césaire Hema +2 位作者 Sjoerd Moustapha N’guiro Philbert Nshimiyimana Adamah Messan 《Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering》 2024年第1期1-16,共16页
Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid... Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid environments are not mastered. This article evaluates the influence of architectural and constructive modes of buildings made of CEB walls and concrete block walls, to optimize and compare their thermal comfort in the hot and dry tropical climate of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Two identical pilot buildings whose envelopes are made of CEB and concrete blocks were monitored for this study. The thermal models of the pilot buildings were implemented in the SketchUp software using an extension of EnergyPlus. The models were empirically validated after calibration against measured thermal data from the buildings. The models were used to do a parametric analysis for optimization of the thermal performances by simulating plaster coatings on the exterior of walls, airtight openings and natural ventilation depending on external weather conditions. The results show that the CEB building displays 7016 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 80.1% of the time, and the concrete building displays 6948 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 79.3% of the time. The optimization by modifications reduced the discomfort to 2918 and 3125 hours respectively;i.e. equivalent to only 33.3% for the CEB building and 35.7% for the concrete building. More study should evaluate thermal optimizations in buildings in real time of usage such as residential buildings commonly used by the local middle class. The use of CEB as a construction material and passive means of improving thermal comfort is a suitable ecological and economical option to replace cementitious material. 展开更多
关键词 Compressed Earth Blocks Hot and Dry climate Thermal Comfort Architectural Optimization of Thermal Models Cement Blocks Empirical Validation
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The Impact of Arid Climate Change on Agriculture of Dry Valley in Southwest China and Its Adaptive Countermeasures 被引量:7
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作者 鲍文 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第5期737-740,共4页
The eco-environmental vulnerability and underdevelopment of the agriculture in Southwest China would strengthen its disadvantage conditions further on the condition of arid climate change.It is necessary to deal with ... The eco-environmental vulnerability and underdevelopment of the agriculture in Southwest China would strengthen its disadvantage conditions further on the condition of arid climate change.It is necessary to deal with the relations between resource utilization and eco-environment finely and ascertain the adaptive principles on the dry valley agriculture to the arid climate change in order to change the extensive utilization of the special agricultural resources.The paper gave some adaptive countermeasures that develop modern rangeland husbandry,strengthening the special agriculture and agricultural industrialization,emphasis on the ecological agriculture development,constructing the extension system of water-saving modern agriculture,encouraging the service industry related to "agriculture,peasants and the countryside",constructing water utilization facilities,and exploiting the renewable energies. 展开更多
关键词 ARID climate change Southwest China Dry valley AGRICULTURE Adaptive countermeasures.
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Changes in Daily Climate Extremes of Observed Temperature and Precipitation in China 被引量:16
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作者 WANG Ai-Hui FU Jian-Jian 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2013年第5期312-319,共8页
Daily precipitation for 1960-2011 and maximum/minimum temperature extremes for 1960-2008 recorded at 549 stations in China are utilized to investigate climate extreme variations.A set of indices is derived and analyze... Daily precipitation for 1960-2011 and maximum/minimum temperature extremes for 1960-2008 recorded at 549 stations in China are utilized to investigate climate extreme variations.A set of indices is derived and analyzed with a main focus on the trends and variabilities of daily extreme occurrences.Results show significant increases in daily extreme warm temperatures and decreases in daily extreme cold temperatures,defined as the number of days in which daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and daily minimum temperature (Tmin) are greater than the 90th percentile and less than thel0th percentile,respectively.Generally,the trend magnitudes are larger in indices derived from Tmin than those from Tmax.Trends of percentile-based precipitation indices show distinct spatial patterns with increases in heavy precipitation events,defined as the top 95th percentile of daily precipitation,in westem and northeastern China and in the low reaches of the Yangtze River basin region,and slight decreases in other areas.Light precipitation,defined as the tail of the 5th percentile of daily precipitation,however,decreases in most areas.The annual maximum consecutive dry days (CDD) show an increasing trend in southem China and the middle-low reach of the Yellow River basin,while the annual maximum consecutive wet days (CWD) displays a downtrend over most regions except western China.These indices vary significantly with regions and seasons.Overall,occurrences of extreme events in China are more frequent,particularly the night time extreme temperature,and landmasses in China become warmer and wetter. 展开更多
关键词 climate extremes temperature RAIN maximum dry/wet days
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Interdecadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundaries in China in the past 50 years 被引量:5
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作者 Yang Jian-ping Ding Yong-jian +1 位作者 Chen Ren-sheng Liu Lian-you 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2002年第2期87-93,共5页
Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951-1999, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the cli... Based on the mean yearly precipitation and the total yearly evaporation data of 295 meteorological stations in China in 1951-1999, the aridity index is calculated in this paper. According to the aridity index, the climatic regions in China are classified into three types, namely, arid region, semi-arid region and humid region. Dry and wet climate boundaries in China fluctuate markedly and differentiate greatly in each region in the past 50 years. The fluctuation amplitudes are 20-400 km in Northeast China, 40-400 km in North China, 30-350 km in the eastern part of Northwest China and 40-370 km in Southwest China. Before the 1980s (including 1980), the climate tended to be dry in Northeast China and North China, to be wet in the eastern part of Northwest China and very wet in Southwest China. Since the 1990s there have been dry signs in Southwest China, the eastern part of Northwest China and North China. The climate becomes wetter in Northeast China. Semi-arid region is the transitional zone between humid and arid regions, the monsoon edge belt in China, and the susceptible region of environmental evolution. At the end of the 1960s dry and wet climate in China witnessed abrupt changes, changing wetness into dryness. Dry and wet climate boundaries show the fluctuation characteristics of the whole shifts and the opposite fluctuations of eastward, westward, southward and northward directions. The fluctuations of climatic boundaries and the dry and wet variations of climate have distinctive interdecadal features. 展开更多
关键词 China the index of aridity dry and wet climate boundary FLUCTUATION
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DRY/WET CLIMATE CHANGE SINCE 960 A.D.IN TAIHU DRAINAGE BASIN OF CHINA 被引量:2
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作者 WANG Zhang-hua, CHEN Zhong-yuan, KOU Ying, CHEN Yu (Department of Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China) 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2001年第4期57-63,共7页
ABSTRACT: The present study reconstructs an annual dry/wet grade series from 960 A. D. to 1992 A. D. in the Tai-hu drainage basin of eastern coast, China by collecting historical climatic records, to examine the clima... ABSTRACT: The present study reconstructs an annual dry/wet grade series from 960 A. D. to 1992 A. D. in the Tai-hu drainage basin of eastern coast, China by collecting historical climatic records, to examine the climate periodicity and climate jumps. Power Spectrum analysis reveals that the dry/wet climate in the study area was a superposed phenomenon with the major period of quasi-100-year, and several other notable periods. These periods were supposed to be closely linked with the celestial activity. Climate jumps are detected using moving t-test. The two abrupt changes around 1247 - 1263 A. D. and 1618 - 1635 A. D. are proved as regional events. The 14th to 15th century appeared as the wettest period during the last 1000 years in the Taihu drainage basin. These are interpreted as the consequence of east Asia climate change. 展开更多
关键词 climate PERIODICITY climate JUMP annual dry/wet grade series Taihu drainage basin
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Climate forcing of tree growth in dry Afromontane forest fragments of Northern Ethiopia:evidence from multi-species responses 被引量:2
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作者 Zenebe Girmay Siyum J.O.Ayoade +1 位作者 M.A.Onilude Motuma Tolera Feyissa 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期132-148,共17页
Background: Climate-induced challenge remains a growing concern in the dry tropics, threatening carbon sink potential of tropical dry forests. Hence, understanding their responses to the changing climate is of high pr... Background: Climate-induced challenge remains a growing concern in the dry tropics, threatening carbon sink potential of tropical dry forests. Hence, understanding their responses to the changing climate is of high priority to facilitate sustainable management of the remnant dry forests. In this study, we examined the long-term climate-growth relations of main tree species in the remnant dry Afromontane forests in northern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the dendrochronological potential of selected dry Afromontane tree species and to study the influence of climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) on radial growth. It was hypothesized that there are potential tree species with discernible annual growth rings owing to the uni-modality of rainfall in the region. Ring width measurements were based on increment core samples and stem discs collected from a total of 106 trees belonging to three tree species (Juniperus procera, Olea europaea p. cuspidate and Podocarpus falcatus). Thesubsp. collected samples were prepared, crossdated, and analyzed using standard dendrochronological methods. The formation of annual growth rings of the study species was verified based on successful crossdatability and by correlating tree-ring widths with rainfall. Results: The results showed that all the sampled tree species form distinct growth boundaries though differences in the distinctiveness were observed among the species. Positive and significant correlations were found between the tree-ring widths and rainfall, implying that rainfall plays a vital role in determining tree growth in the region. The study confirmed the formation of annual growth rings through successful crossdating, thus highlighted the potential applicability of dendroclimatic studies in the region. Conclusions: Overall, the results proved the strong linkage between tree-ring chronologies and climate variability in the study region, which further strengthens the potential of dendrochronological studies developing in Ethiopia, and also has great implications for further paleo-climatic reconstructions and in the restoration of degraded lands. Further knowledge on the growth characteristics of tree species from the region is required to improve the network of tree-ring data and quality of the chronology so as to successfully reconstruct historic environmental changes. 展开更多
关键词 climate-growth relationship climate change DRY AFROMONTANE forest Restoration TREE-RING WIDTH
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Determination of Wood Moisture Properties Using a CT-Scanner in a Controlled High-Temperature Environment 被引量:2
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作者 Lars Hansson Ekaterina Cherepanova 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第3期372-378,共7页
Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point... Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point during drying, the size and shape of wood will change. The dry wood image was thoroughly transformed to the shape of the wet wood image prior to calculating the dry weight moisture content. The use of the image- processing algorithm for the dry weight moisture content on density data from the CT-scanning during drying in a controlled high-temperature environment showed that this method is a powerful tool for analyzing the moisture flow inside the wood piece. Furthermore, the new CT-scanner together with the climate chamber gave unique results, as it has not been possible to study high-temperature drying with this method before. 展开更多
关键词 CT-scanning fibre saturation point high-temperature drying image analysis moisture content wood drying.
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Choice of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability among Smallholder Farmers in the Maize Based Cropping System in Namutumba District, Uganda 被引量:2
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作者 Bul John Ajak Florence Birungi Kyazze Paul Isolo Mukwaya 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2018年第3期431-451,共21页
Smallholder farmers in Namutumba district draw on a combination of adaptation strategies to respond to effects of climate variability. However, there is limited scholarly evidence and explanation that has been conduct... Smallholder farmers in Namutumba district draw on a combination of adaptation strategies to respond to effects of climate variability. However, there is limited scholarly evidence and explanation that has been conducted on the factors that influence the choice of alternative sets of strategies that smallholder farmers use in response to climate variability specific stress and literature that disentangles climatic stressors specific adaptation options. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the study area and household respondents. The study used cross-sectional research design to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Household data was collected from 160 respondents with a structured questionnaire supported by key informant interviews. Multinomial logit modeling (MNL) was used to determine the relative influence of selected household socio-demographic factors on the choice of adaptation strategies against the dry spell. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to create weighted adaptation index for categorizing various similar adaptation strategies. In order to respond to the impact of climate variability stresses, smallholder farmers have adapted growing drought-resistant crops (12.2%), extension of the agricultural frontier into wetlands during the dry spells (37%), whereas use of crop rotation (9.8%) is the most dominant strategies used to manage pest and diseases, similarly soil and water conservation (15.3%) and climate-smart planning basin (11%) are the most dominant adaptation strategies use to manage flood. Empirical results from multinomial logit modeling showed that predictor variables gender, level of education, years of farming, house size, access to credit, and own radio have a significant influence on the choice of adaptation strategies with differences significant level during the dry spell. The study recommends that future policies should focus on strengthening the existing extension training package, strengthening the existing farmer’s groups and cooperatives, encouraging informal social networks in order to boost smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate variability. 展开更多
关键词 CHOICE climate Variability SMALLHOLDER FARMERS Adaptation Strategies Dry Spell and Namutumba
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Changes of Dry-wet Climate in the Dry Season in Yunnan(1961-2007) 被引量:1
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作者 Zhongyan Huang 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2011年第1期49-54,共6页
Factor analysis was used to investigate the changes of dry-wet climate in the dry season in Yunnan during 1961-2007 based on observed data from 15 stations.Three common factors were extracted from the 9 climatic facto... Factor analysis was used to investigate the changes of dry-wet climate in the dry season in Yunnan during 1961-2007 based on observed data from 15 stations.Three common factors were extracted from the 9 climatic factors.The results showed that the dry-wet climate has evidently changed since the early 1960s.The general trends in the changes of drywet climate were described as slight decrease in humidity and gradual enhancement in drought intensity.The climate during 1960s-1980s was under weak-medium drought.But since early 1990s,dry conditions have markedly strengthened and continued due to uneven temporal distribution of rainfall and climate warming. 展开更多
关键词 dry-wet climate factor analysis dry season YUNNAN
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Dynamical Donwscaling for Railroad Areas in Eastern Amazon and Southeastern Brazil:Current Climate and Near-Future Projections 被引量:1
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作者 Everaldo B.De Souza Bergson C.de Moraes +1 位作者 Douglas B.S.Ferreira Luiz Gylvan Meira Filho 《Atmospheric and Climate Sciences》 2014年第2期155-163,共9页
We performed a dynamic downscaling using REGCM4 regional model driven by MPI global model for current (1990/2012) and near-future (2015/2039) climate in order to characterize the seasonal rainfall regimes throughout t... We performed a dynamic downscaling using REGCM4 regional model driven by MPI global model for current (1990/2012) and near-future (2015/2039) climate in order to characterize the seasonal rainfall regimes throughout the railroad areas in eastern Amazon and southeastern Brazil. The analysis of observational data for the current climate indicated the existence of pronounced spatial variations in rainfall regime across railroad regions during both the rainy and dry seasons. Although models have presented generalized underestimation, the regional model showed improvements on spatial representation and intensity of the rainfall in comparison with global model results. We reported the future projections taking into account the correction of simulated rainfall by the values of the biases found in each respective seasonal regime, so that the results are expressed by percentage changes of the future (2015/2037) relative to the current climate patterns. For the railroad in eastern Amazon, projections indicate a weak decrease of rainfall of about -15% in the rainy season (January to May), however during the dry season (June to October) are expected drastic reductions between -70% and -90% in south (Carajás in Pará state) and north (Sao Luis in Maranhao state) portions. Conversely, for the railroad in southeast Brazil, model projections point out for an increased rainfall regime during the rainy season (October to February) around +30% to +40% in the east part of the region over the Espírito Santo state. 展开更多
关键词 Regional climate Modeling Rainy and Dry Seasons climate Change Brazil climate REGCM4
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Contemporary climate infuence on variability patterns of Anadenanthera colubrina var.cebil,a key species in seasonally dry tropical forests
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作者 María Victoria García María Eugenia Barrandeguy Kathleen Prinz 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第1期89-101,共13页
The distribution of many plant species has been shaped by climate changes,and their current phenotypic and genetic variability refect microclimatically suitable habitats.This study relates contemporary climate to vari... The distribution of many plant species has been shaped by climate changes,and their current phenotypic and genetic variability refect microclimatically suitable habitats.This study relates contemporary climate to variability patterns of phenotypic traits and molecular markers in the Argentinean distribution of Anadenanthera colubrina var.cebil,as well as to identify the most relevant phenotypic trait or molecular marker associated with those patterns.Individuals from four populations in both biogeographic provinces,Paranaense and Yungas,were investigated.Multivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions were carried out to determine relationships among phenotypic traits and nuclear microsatellites,respectively,to climatic variables,and to identify the phenotypic traits as well as nuclear microsatellite loci most sensitive to climate.Two and three clusters of individuals were detected based on genetic and phenotypic data,respectively.Only clusters based on genetic data refected the biogeographic origin of individuals.Reproductive traits were the most relevant indicators of climatic effects.One microsatellite locus Ac41.1 appeared to be non-neutral presenting a strong correlation with climate variable temperature seasonality.Our findings show complex patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability in the Argentinean distribution of A.colubrina var.cebil related to the present or contemporary climate,and provides an example for an integrative approach to better understand climate impact on contemporary genetic and phenotypic variability in light of global climate change. 展开更多
关键词 Contemporary climate Curupay Genetic variability Phenotypic variability Seasonally dry tropical forests
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Influences of climate change on dry matter accumulating velocity of spring wheat and numerical simulation in arid and semi-arid regions
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作者 Gao Suhua, Guo Jianping and Pan Yaru Chinese Academy of Meterological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaDong Yongxiang and Guo Yujia Ningxia Institute cf Meteorological Sciences, China 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1993年第1期45-53,共9页
The influences of climate change on the velocity of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat and numerical simulation in arid and semi-arid regions under the condition of rainfalled agriculture or irrigated agriculture... The influences of climate change on the velocity of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat and numerical simulation in arid and semi-arid regions under the condition of rainfalled agriculture or irrigated agriculture were quantitatively analysed by using the field experimental data. The results showed that the velocity of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat was declined with the temperature rising. The accumulating velocity would be declined 4.9 - 14.0% in irrigated agriculture area when air temperature rose in 0.5-4.0℃ ; but in rainfalled agriculture regions, the velocity of dry matter accumulation would be increased with the soil moisture increasing when air temperature rose in 0.5-1.0℃ and decreased when the air temperature rose in 3.0-4.0 ℃ . 展开更多
关键词 climate change velocity of dry matter accumulation rainfalled agriculture irrigation agriculture.
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Response of Plant Climatic Productivity to the Warming and Drying Trend in Huanren in the Past 58 Years
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作者 Zhao Lei Lin Shuang +2 位作者 Wu Yingjie Li Zhijing Ji Qi 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2014年第3期26-28,31,共4页
[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from... [Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from 1953 to 2010,using trend analysis,Thornthwaite Memorial model and Mann-Kendall detection method,change characteristics of climate and plant climatic productivity in Huanren were analyzed,and the regression evaluation model between plant climatic productivity and temperature and precipitation was established.[Result]Annual average temperature in Huanren presented a significant upward trend,and its linear tendency rate was 0.29℃/10 a;annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was-13.29 mm/10 a;dryness presented a declining trend.The warming and drying trend was obvious in Huanren.Plant climatic productivity presented a significant increasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was 8.39 g/(m2·10 a).Plant climatic productivity was closely related to precipitation and temperature.[Conclusion]The research could provide basis and reference for the adjustment of agricultural structure and sufficiently playing the advantages of climate resources in Huanren. 展开更多
关键词 Plant climatic productivity Warming and drying trend RESPONSE Huanren County China
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Microclimate in Hot Dry Damascus: The Influence of the Urban Environment on Human Perception
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作者 Moohammed Wasim Yahia Erik Johansson 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2013年第8期554-561,共8页
There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study... There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the human being and the surrounding thermal environment in terms of thermal acceptability, physical quality of the place, emotional state and the usage of the urban space in hot dry Damascus, Syria. The study is based on questionnaire surveys during the summer and winter in six locations with different microclimates. It is shown that the urban design plays a significant role in improving the microclimate, especially during the summer. The study also illustrates that when people's thermal perception is within the thermally acceptable range (i.e., slightly cool, comfortable and slightly warm) they experience the urban design as significantly more beautiful and more pleasant than during thermally unacceptable conditions. The results indicate that there is an interactive relationship between the urban design and humans' emotional state. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed for determining urban microclimate requirements and incorporating them into the urban design process to enhance the thermal environment in outdoor urban spaces in Damascus. 展开更多
关键词 Damascus hot dry climate outdoor urban spaces thermal perception urban design.
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Passive Cooling Strategies in Greening Existing Residential Building in Hot Dry Climate: Case Study in Bahrain
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作者 May Al-Saffar 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2015年第5期233-240,共8页
This paper will present several passive-cooling technologies and design features that can be adopted to reduce building heat gain without the need of excess energy consumption. A typical residential unit will be selec... This paper will present several passive-cooling technologies and design features that can be adopted to reduce building heat gain without the need of excess energy consumption. A typical residential unit will be selected as case study and a three basic passive cooling strategies were selected to enhance the building envelop, as well as using appropriate shading devices and green roofing system that prove to be a good environment quality improver. IES energy simulation software will be used to evaluate the performance of the building. The study revealed a number of significant findings in reducing the energy consumption and enhancing the tenants' thermal comfort. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineer (ASHRAE) standards specially via improving the performance of building envelop because it is the interface between internal and external environment. Moreover, improving the building envelope has recorded that overall energy and chiller energy consumption can be reduced up to 10.8% and 21.6% respectively, Therefore, it is anticipated that further reductions can be achieved via applying more passive cooling strategies. Finally, it could argue that the results of this paper will not only be applicable to Bahrain but also many countries that have similar climatic and environmental context. 展开更多
关键词 Passive cooling thermal comfort energy efficiency IES software Bahrain residential building hot dry climate.
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