A high-temperature resistant and high-density polymeric saturated brine-based drilling fluid

Three high-temperature resistant polymeric additives for water-based drilling fluids are designed and developed:weakly cross-linked zwitterionic polymer fluid loss reducer(WCZ),flexible polymer microsphere nano-plugging agent(FPM)and comb-structure polymeric lubricant(CSP).A high-temperature resistant and high-density polymeric saturated brine-based drilling fluid was developed for deep drilling.The WCZ has a good anti-polyelectrolyte effect and exhibits the API fluid loss less than 8 mL after aging in saturated salt environment at 200°C.The FPM can reduce the fluid loss by improving the quality of the mud cake and has a good plugging effect on nano-scale pores/fractures.The CSP,with a weight average molecular weight of 4804,has multiple polar adsorption sites and exhibits excellent lubricating performance under high temperature and high salt conditions.The developed drilling fluid system with a density of 2.0 g/cm^(3)has good rheological properties.It shows a fluid loss less than 15 mL at 200°C and high pressure,a sedimentation factor(SF)smaller than 0.52 after standing at high temperature for 5 d,and a rolling recovery of hydratable drill cuttings similar to oil-based drilling fluid.Besides,it has good plugging and lubricating performance.

Determination of Wood Moisture Properties Using a CT-Scanner in a Controlled High-Temperature Environment

Theaim of the present work wasto analyze moisture flow and moisture content data for high-temperature drying by usingan advanced image- processing algorithm.Since wood starts to shrink below the fibre saturation point during drying, the size and shape of wood will change. The dry wood image was thoroughly transformed to the shape of the wet wood image prior to calculating the dry weight moisture content. The use of the image- processing algorithm for the dry weight moisture content on density data from the CT-scanning during drying in a controlled high-temperature environment showed that this method is a powerful tool for analyzing the moisture flow inside the wood piece. Furthermore, the new CT-scanner together with the climate chamber gave unique results, as it has not been possible to study high-temperature drying with this method before.

量子电炉烟气余热回收发电设计与实践

介绍了量子电炉高温烟气余热回收发电项目,其中高效余热锅炉以及省煤器的设置充分回收了电炉高温烟气中的热量,急冷塔的设置保证了整个发电系统的安全性,切换式母管制蒸汽管以及蓄热器的设置保证了发电系统的稳定和连续运行,余热锅炉对二噁英再生的遏制以及活性炭对二噁英的去除保证了发电系统的环保性。

工业锅炉能效测试中蒸汽采样率的探讨

饱和蒸汽湿度和过热蒸汽含盐量测量是锅炉性能试验的重要测量参数,提高湿度和含盐量测量准确度的关键是蒸汽等速采样,科学合理的蒸汽采样率可以帮助实现蒸汽等速采样。本文通过实例分析,研究了不同蒸汽引出管和采样器入口喷嘴直径对蒸汽采样率的影响,分析了蒸汽采样率的合格标准,提出了满足采样率国家标准的多孔数量。另外,针对现有国家标准GB/T 10180—2017中未提供饱和蒸汽采样率计算公式的问题,本文基于等速采样原理,推导出了单孔和多孔蒸汽采样率计算公式。本文对于饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽采样工作具有重要的规范作用。

近井地带高含水饱和度对火驱开发效果影响的实验

火驱技术是注蒸汽开发后的有效接替技术,然而注蒸汽后近井地带储层形成的高含水饱和度对火驱的点火、火线推进和开采效果的影响尚未明确。利用燃烧管实验装置将高含水饱和度的油砂填充到注气端附近,以模拟近井地带储层的高含水饱和度,并研究了近井地带储层的高含水饱和度对火驱的点火、火线推进特征及开发效果的影响。结果表明:近井地带储层的含水饱和度高达91.7%时,依然可以实现成功点火,形成有效驱替。近井地带储层的水能起到蒸汽驱油作用,加快火线的推进速度,缩短油墙的形成时间,从而导致火驱受效时间提前,但也会降低火驱过程中的燃料消耗量和氧气利用率,导致火线前缘的燃烧效果变差和原油采收率的降低。研究成果可为蒸汽吞吐后转火驱技术的现场应用提供理论参考。

基于灰色关联度的OG系统饱和余热蒸汽运行能效分析

针对转炉饱和余热蒸汽的回收利用,在现有OG系统中缺少能效评价方法的问题。提出了一种基于灰色相关度分析法对转炉饱和余热蒸汽能效分析的模型,并基于实际工作数据,于Matlab平台进行了仿真实验,根据实验结果得出了对OG系统作业区的改进建议,有利于降本增效和节能减排。

Effect of steam pretreatment on wood moisture content and characteristics of vacuum drying

The effects of high temperature steam pretreatment on the change in wood moisture content （MC） and characteristics of vacuum drying were investigated in this study. Poplar and manchurian walnut woods were pretreated with high temperature steam at 100~C and 140~C, prior to vacuum drying. A comparison of the characteristics of vacuum drying between steam pretreated wood and untreated wood was carried out. The results show that during steam pretreatment, the MC of wood decreased within a few hours. The reduction of MC varied with the temperature; the higher the temperature, the faster the MC dropped. During the vacuum drying stage, the rates of drying ofpretreated samples were higher than those of untreated samples when MC was below the fiber saturation point. Furthermore, the total drying time of samples treated at a steam temperature of 140~C was lower than that of untreated samples. Therefore, a vacuum procedure after steam pretreatment can effectively shorten the drying time when drying wood.

Investigation of the interaction of material of fuel cladding for WWER-1000 reactor with steam at a temperature of accident overheatings

The subject of this study is the oxidation of fuel rod cladding made of material Zr1Nb(0.1% O) in steam at temperatures in the range of 660℃ to 1200℃ with a surface in the initial state (after manufacturing - grinding) and after additional chemical etching. The changes in the microstructure of tubes due to the interaction with steam were investigated. A comparison was made between the oxidation rate of this material (weight gain) and the data on the oxidation of other alloys for nuclear power plants. The oxidation rate of Zr1Nb(0.1% O) is close to the oxidation rate of other zirconium alloys. It is shown that after chemical treatment of the surface of the samples there is a more even growth of oxide films, and they have a smaller thickness for the same time of exposure than after mechanical grinding. Surface treatment before oxidation also affects the change of microstructure of samples when heated to high temperatures.

稠油热采湿饱和蒸汽流量计量技术在河南油田的应用研究

注蒸汽吞吐开发稠油油田,油层注入蒸汽为湿饱和蒸汽时,计量误差大,为了解决单井注汽精准计量问题,在锥形孔板流量计基础上,引入“差压噪声”理论,建立了湿蒸汽流量、干度双参数测量模型,通过高频采集分析及数据库动态补偿运算,提高不同干度下的流量精度。单台注汽锅炉对单井注汽时,在注汽管线串连接入锥形孔板流量计,通过锅炉进水用电磁流量计来标定蒸汽流量,然后在组合注汽井进行试验,现场应用46井次,湿饱和蒸汽流量计量误差在5%以内,满足了注汽计量要求。

饱和蒸汽温压特性及超临界现象实验教学设备研发与应用

为提升工程热力学实验教学水平,加深学生对饱和气体温压特性和超临界流体概念的理解,该文研制了“饱和蒸汽压力-温度特性及超临界现象”实验教学设备。该设备由蒸汽发生系统和数据采集系统组成,配备直径60 mm的大视窗和自动控制程序,具备较好的可视性、安全性和操作性。教学过程以4种不同性质的制冷剂作为研究对象,开设“饱和蒸汽的压力-温度特性研究”和“临界乳光现象演示”教学项目。学生通过该实验课程,可增强对压力、温度微观意义和饱和状态下气液平衡概念的理解,掌握常见的测压和测温方法及特点,了解常用的数据处理和误差分析方法。同时,学生可通过观察亚临界流体与超临界流体的相互转变过程,加深对物质相的认识。

饱和蒸汽工业汽轮机设计方法研究

饱和蒸汽工业汽轮机设计方法需具有通用性广、精度高的特点。实践证明鲍曼经验公式对汽轮机气动效率的评估,西门子经验公式对叶片水蚀和主要零部件金属腐蚀、侵蚀影响评估具有良好的效果。采用金属表面强化处理、设计除湿环等措施可有效防止叶片水蚀,采用高铬合金钢材料,对缝隙表面进行耐磨、耐蚀处理等措施可减缓金属的腐蚀和侵蚀,合理设计疏水口可增加机组运行的安全性。

基于[火用]分析的钢铁企业蒸汽系统优化

基于[火用]分析方法构建钢铁企业蒸汽系统产-耗-配优化模型,以[火用]效率最高为目标对钢铁企业蒸汽系统进行优化,分别采用双级有机朗肯循环(STORC)系统和饱和蒸汽发电系统对优化后的余热余能进行回收,以减少能源浪费.结果表明:蒸汽系统[火用]效率由优化前的70.15%提升至78.50%,优化后烧结、热轧和转炉工序存在大量余热余能资源;采用STORC系统回收烧结和热轧处富余烟气分别增加发电量4.29 kW·h和3.19 kW·h,采用饱和蒸汽发电系统回收转炉处富余蒸汽增加发电量3.16 kW·h.。

饱和蒸汽汽轮机发电技术在电炉炼钢烟气余热回收中的应用

文章分析了电炉炼钢烟气的特点及工艺流程,重点介绍了饱和蒸汽发电技术中蓄热器工作原理及其参数计算,讲述了饱和蒸汽汽轮机提高蒸汽干度措施,描述了饱和蒸汽汽轮机功率计算等内容。

安钢转炉饱和蒸汽利用的改造与应用

通过对转炉炼钢产生的低品质饱和蒸汽的储存、输送和利用方式的研究,以3座150 t转炉为实例,结合综合管网系统的改造,打通输汽节点,延长供汽线路,拓展用户,实现了饱和蒸汽全收全用,减少了高压蒸汽降级使用,避免了能源浪费,从而提高了能源利用率。

Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Molecular Sieves with High Stability in High-Temperature Steam

The ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve （MASMS-1） stable in the high-temperature steam has been successfully synthesized from the assembly of diluted ZSM-5-type precursor with mesoporous MCM-41. The material was characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and 27A1 MAS NMR techniques. This mesoporous material shows high stability in the high-temperature steam [H2O （φ=20%） in N2 at 800 ℃ for 4 h], which might be ascribed to the synergistic effect of both thick walls containing zeolite-like five-membered ring subunits and highly condensed surface silanol groups.

某钢厂低压饱和蒸汽发电技术的应用

文章以汽轮发电机为主,首先概述了低压饱和蒸汽汽轮发电技术,然后结合某钢铁厂实际,重点分析和探讨低压饱和蒸汽发电技术的应用,包括蓄能器布置设计、汽轮机和发电机选型,以及经济效益等。

高温水解工艺在不锈钢纤维烧结网再生中的应用

不锈钢纤维烧结网是粘胶生产过程中粘胶过滤的主要滤材,用于粘胶生产线上一道过滤、二道过滤和废胶过滤。滤网使用完后全部废弃,不能重复使用。由于生产厂家不同,每张滤网的造价为2000~5000元。根据使用的工序不同,每张滤网的使用周期为30~120 d,滤网的消耗成为了粘胶生产成本高的原因之一。介绍了利用高温水解技术再生清洗不锈钢纤维烧结网的工艺,改进工艺后,滤网可重复利用,有效的降低了粘胶生产中滤网的消耗,大大降低了粘胶纤维的生产成本。

低温余热回收发电技术在芳烃联合装置中的应用

介绍了传统芳烃联合装置中的低温余热利用现状,分析了低温余热回收瓶颈。为了高效回收低温余热,进行了设计创新,对二甲苯塔、抽余液塔、抽出液塔进行适度升温升压,使塔顶气相物流产生0.45 MPa低压饱和蒸汽以驱动汽轮机发电。为确保装置长周期稳定运行,制定了低温余热回收系统的风险防控措施。总结分析了低温余热回收发电技术所创造的经济效益和社会效益,并结合装置的实际运行情况,提出了下一步优化的方向和措施。

步进式加热炉蒸汽零放散分析与控制

利用加热炉高温烟气使饱和蒸汽形成高品质过热蒸汽,过热蒸汽在运行过程中因减温系统与外送调节阀等结垢、汽包压力与水位及补充水量三冲量变化大、全厂管网压力波动等原因,产生蒸汽放散。通过观察、跟踪、分析系统运行过程,针对性采用措施解决存在的问题,迅速实现系统零放散,产生了显著的经济效益和社会环境效益。

饱和蒸汽汽轮机通流改造及运行效果

为了彻底解决进口饱和蒸汽机组事故频发的问题,对该机组进行了通流改造,优化通流数据,校核原机组结构强度并进行了优化设计,选用适用于饱和蒸汽的成熟可靠材料,并将通流改造方案与原机组设计进行对比。通流改造后机组在额定工况下的经济性优于改造前的经济性,轴承振动、轴瓦温度等各项指标优良,通流改造的有效性得到了验证。