Reactive HVOF sprayed TiN-matrix composite coating and its corrosion and wear resistance properties

TiN-matrix composite coating was prepared on 45# steel by reactive high-velocity oxy-fuel （HVOF） spraying. Its microstructure, phase composition, micro-hardness, corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaC1 solution and wear resistance were analyzed. The results suggest that the TiN-matrix composite coating is well bonded with the substrate. The micro-hardness measured decreases with the increase of applied test loads. And the micro-hardness of the coating under heavy loads is relatively high. The TiN-matrix composite coating exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaC1 solution. The corrosion potential of coating is positive and the passivation zone is broad, which indicates that the TiN-matrix composite coating is stable in the electrolyte and provides excellent protection to the substrate. The wear coefficient of the coating under all loads maintains at 0.49-0.50. The wear mechanism of the coating is revealed to be three-body abrasive wear. Yet the failure forms of TiN-matrix composite coating under different loads have an obvious difference. The failure form of coating under light loads is particle spallation due to the stress concentration while that of coating under heavy loads is crackin~ between inter-lamellae.

CATHODIC PROCESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF ELECTRO-DEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATING

Cathodic deposition current density of the composite coatings increases when SiC par-ticles and rare earth (RE) were added in the bath, which is profitable for Ni- W-P alloy to deposit in the cathod, forming Ni-W-P-SiC and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings. On the contrary, the addition of PTFE in the bath decreases cathodic deposition current density of the coatings. The current density increases a little when the amount of RE is 7-9g/l; however, the current density increases greatly when the amount of RE is increased to 11-13g/l. Bui ij the amount of RE is raised further, the current density decreases. Hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating have been studied, and the results show that the hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating increase with increasing heat treatment tempera-ture, which reach peak values at 400℃; while the hardness and wear resistance of the coating decrease with the rise of heat treated temperature continuously.

Wear resistance of Zr/WC composite coatings on Cr12MoV steel surface by electric spark deposition

Zr/WC composite coating was prepared on the surface of Cr12MoV steel by electric spark deposition technology to change its surface properties. The surface and worn surface morphology of the coating were observed using scanning electron microscope. Dry friction and wear tests of the coatings were carried out at room temperature. The results show that the coating is continuous and uniform, and the thickness was about 50-60 μm. The microhardness of the coating surface was highest at 1140 HV_(200g), which was significantly higher than that of the substrate. The ear tests results show that the wear weight loss, wear volume and wear rate follow the following rules: Cr12MoV>WC coating> Zr/WC composite coating.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Clad Cobalt-Based Alloy/SiC_p Composite Coating

The SiCp(20 %)reinforced cobalt-based alloy composite coatings deposited by laser cladding on IF steel were introduced.The microstructure across the whole section of such coatings was examined using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and the wear resistance of the coatings was measured by MM-200 type wear testing machine.The results show that the SiCpis completely dissolved during laser cladding and the primary phase in the coatings isγ-Co.The other phases,such as Si2 W,CoWSi,Cr3 Si and CoSi2,are formed by carbon,silicon reacting with other elements existing in the melting pool.There are various crystallization morphologies in different zones,such as planar crystallization at the interface,followed by cellular and dendrite crystallization from interface to the surface.The direction of solidification changes from one direction perpendicular to interface to multi-directions at the central and upper regions of the clad.The wear resistance of the clad is improved by adding SiCp.

Microstructure and properties of induction brazing nickel base/WC composite coating

BNi-2/WC composite wear-resisting coating was prepared on carbon steel by the method of induction brazing.The microstructure and phase composition of the composite coating were analyzed,and the bonding strength and wear-resisting performance of the coating were tested.During the process of induction brazing,the tungsten carbide partially dissolves and reacts with the filler metal alloy to form NiW compound phase,which realizes the metallurgical combination of tungsten carbide and filler metal alloy.The matrix of the filler metal alloy consists of Ni solid solution and Ni_(3)B/Ni_(3)Si eutectic phase,and the metallurgical diffusion reaction occurs between the filler metal alloy and the steel matrix.The mechanical analysis results show that the self-strength of the composite coating reaches 140 MPa and the bonding strength of the filler metal alloy to the steel matrix reaches 360 MPa.The dry sand rubber wheel wear testing machine showed that the coating weight loss was only 0.2824 g,which was only 1/5 of the weight loss of 65 Mn matrix under the same conditions.

Effect of electromagnetic stirring on the microstructure and wear behavior of iron-based composite coatings

The effect of electromagnetic stirring on the microstructure and wear behavior of coatings has been investigated. A series of iron-based coatings were fabricated by the plasma-transferred arc cladding process by applying different magnetic field currents. The microstructure and wear resistance of the composite coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, en- ergy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDAX）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and wet sand rubber wheel abrasion tester. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of the coatings was mainly the γ-Fe matrix and （Cr, Fe）7C3 carbide reinforced phase. The coatings were metallurgically bonded to the substrate. With increasing magnetic field current, the amount of the block-like （Cr, Fe）TC3 carbide reinforced phase increased at first, reached a local maximum, and then decreased sharply. When the magnetic field current reached 3 A, the block-like （Cr, Fe）TC3 carbides with high volume fraction were uniformly distributed in the matrix and the coating displayed a high microhardness and an excellent wear resistance under the wear test condition.

PREPARATION AND ITS WEAR RESISITANCE OF WC-Co/NiCrBSi METALLURGICAL BONDED COMPOSITE COATING

A WC-Co/NiCrBSi composite coating was made on 42CrMo steel through vacuum brazing technology. The effects of cobalt and WC-17Co content on the properties of the coating were analyzed. The abrasive wear resistance decreased as the cobalt content increased. The tensile strength of the coating increased with the increase of the WC-17Co content and the maximum strength approaches to 184MPa. The abrusive property of the composite coating is better than that of the WC-17Co/NiCrBSi flame overlaying and CoCrW overlaying.

In-situ synthesis of Al_3Ti particles reinforced Al-based composite coating

Using titanium wires （99.5%, 200 μm in diameter） as a reactive source, an Al-based composite coating reinforced by titanium tri-aluminide （A13Ti） particles was fabricated by infiltration plus in-situ methods. According to the differential thermal analysis （DTA） curve, the reactive temperature between Ti wires and A1 matrix can be determined at 890 ℃. The obtained composite coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and microhardness and wear test. The experimental results show that when holding period is 20 min at 890℃, the titanium wires react completely to in-situ synthesize Al3Ti particles, which presents blocky and strip-like states. The microhardness of in-situ synthesized Al3Ti particles is about 4.5 times that of the Al-matrix. Under the condition of dry sliding at 10 N load, compared with the unreinforced Al matrix, the composite coating fabricated with 20 min offers unique wear resistance behavior, and its wear mechanism is that the adhesive wear and abrasive wear coexist.

Preparation and properties of the Ni-Al/Fe-Al intermetallics composite coating produced by plasma cladding

A novel approach to produce an intermetallic composite coating was put forward.The microstructure,microhardness,and dry-sliding wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM）,energy dispersive spectrum （EDS） analysis,microhardness test,and ball-on-disc wear experiment.XRD results indicate that some new phases FeAl,Fe0.23Ni0.77Al,and Ni3Al exit in the composite coating with the Al2O3 addition.SEM results show that the coating is bonded with carbon steel metallurgically and exhibits typical rapid directional solidification structures.The Cr7C3 carbide and intermetallic compounds co-reinforced composite coating has a high average hardness and exhibits an excellent wear resistance under dry-sliding wear test compared with the Cr7C3 carbide-reinforced composite coating.The formation mechanism of the intermetallic compounds was also investigated.

Laser Cladding Al-Si/Al_2O_3-TiO_2 Composite Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31 B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mgl7Al12, Al3Mg2, Mg2Si, Al2O3, and TiO2 phases. Compared to the average microhardness （50HV0.05） of the AZ3 1 B substrate, that of the composite coatings （230HV0.05） is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution.

Structure and characteristics of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-B_4C-PTFE composite coatings

Hardness, friction and wear characteristics of electrodeposited RE Ni W P B 4C PTFE composite coatings were studied, and the reason for these fine characteristics was explained in respect of structure. The results show that 1) the structure of RE Ni W P B 4C PTFE composite coatings experiences a transformation process from amorphous to mixture then to crystal as the heat treatment temperature rises; 2) incorporating of B 4C greatly increases the hardness of the coating; 3) the wear resistance of the coating is best with heat treatment for 1?h at 300?℃, which is greatly superior to that of the other traditional coatings.

Co-electrodeposition and properties evaluation of functionally gradient nickel coated ZrO_2 composite coating

For the first time,functionally electroless nickel plated ZrO2(NCZ)graded Ni-NCZ composite coating has been successfully co-electrodeposited from a bath with gradually increasing of stirring rate.Studies showed that co-electrodeposition in a bath with stirring rate of250r/min results in the maximum co-electrodeposited particle content and the best particle distribution.To produce NCZ graded Ni-NCZ composite coating,the stirring rate was continuously increased from0to250r/min.The electroplated coating had a continuous gradient increasing of co-electrodeposited NCZ content from substrate towards the surface.The results showed that with increasing the co-electrodeposited NCZ particles content in Ni matrix,microhardness increases from interface towards the surface of the coating.Little crystallite size of Ni matrix and higher co-electrodeposited hard particles content were recognized as the reasons of microhardness increasing.Bend test revealed that the functionally graded composite coating shows more excellent adhesion to the substrate compared with the ordinary distributed Ni-NCZ on the same substrate.This result is attributed to lower mechanical mismatch between coating and substrate in the functionally graded composite coating with respect to the uniformly distributed one.The results of wear resistance measurements reveal that wear resistance of functionally graded Ni-NCZ is higher than that of ordinary distributed composite coating.

Application of reaction nitrogen arc cladding TiCN/Fe composite coating on cutter of agricultural machinery

In order to solve the high-price and short-lifetime problems of the cutter of agricultural machinery,and improve the wear resistance of the cutter, the TiCN/Fe metal ceramic composite coating was prepared on the substrate of Q235 steel by reaction nitrogen arc cladding technique. The mixture powder of titanium and graphite was preplaced on the Q235 steel surface after intensive mixing by planetary ball mill and gluing with starch binder. The microstructure and phase of the coatings, interface behavior between coatings and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The micro-hardness distribution of the coating section was tested by micro-hardness tester. Friction coefficient and wear weight loss were measured by abrasion machine. Wearing surface morphology was investigated by scanning electronic microscope. The results show that an excellent bonding between the coatings and the Q235 steel substrate is ensured by the strong metallurgical interface and phase of the coatings. The coatings are mainly composed of TiCN. The highest micro- hardness of the coatings reaches 1 089 HV0. 2, while the micro-hardness of Q235 steel substrate is only about 286 HV0. 2. The anti-abrasive test results show that the wear resistance of the cladding coating is better than that of quenched and tempered 65 Mn steel which is often used as cutter of agricultural machinery. The field test results show that the TiCN/ Fe metal ceramic composite coating prepared by reaction nitrogen arc cladding is feasible to the manufacture and remanufacture of the cutter of agricultural machinery.

Effect of Attapulgite Added in Plating Bath on the Properties of Ni/TiC Nano-composite Coatings

Pure copper plates were coated by Ni-TiC dipulse current plating method. The effects of adding different concentration（ranging from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L） of attapulgite nano particles to the plating bath on the surface morphology, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of Ni/TiC/Attapulgite nano-composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite coating is flat and compact with adding 3.0 g/L in the bath, and the coating preferred orientation is changed from the planes（111） to（200）. The coefficient of the composite coatings decreases from 0.68 to 0.18 with increasing content of attapulgite in the bath, a mixed mode of adhesive-abrasive wear occurs for all coatings, and the wear mechanism shows a transition from adhesive-abrasive to predominantly abrasive wear mechanism when the concentration of attapulgite is beyond 1.5 g/L in electrolyte. The oxidation resistance of composite coatings is the best prepared when adding attapulgite particles at 0.5 g/L in the bath, the oxide mainly consists of a NiO phase by X-ray analysis.

Study on Microstructures and Properties of Electro Brush-plating Composite Coatings

In this paper, composite coatings were prepared using improved electro brush-plating, and the possibility and feasibility of obtaining of composite coatings with various hard dispersion paticles (C^Os. SiC, ZrO, A^Ojetc.) were studied.The microstructure, constitution, microhardness and wear resistance were examined. The results show that.electro brush-plating composite coatings have finner microstructures and higher microhardness and wear-resistance than ordinary electro brush-plating coatings.The research results can be used in repairing and surface strengthening of worn machine parts,and have practical uses.

Coarse WC Particles Ceramic-Metal Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

The coarse WC particles ceramic-metal com- posite coatings with WC density of 67 wt-% and thickness of 1.0-1.2 mm have been cladded on 20Ni4Mo steel surface by a 2 kW CO_2 laser.The sintered WC particles with the size of 600-1000 μm are chosen as the main strengthening phase, Ni-base self-flux alloy as the binder in the compo- site coatings.The microstructure and microhardness of both WC particles and binder are analysed.The rigid ball indention with acoustic emission technique is used to evaluate the brittleness of the coating.Finally,the abrasive wear resistance of the coating is tested.Besides,the coatings with the same ratio and size of WC parti- cles in low carbon steel tube rod were cladded on 20Ni4Mo steel by atomic hydrogen welding tech- nique and analysed by the same way,their results are compared.

Wear Resistance and Structure of Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE Composite Materials

Effects of heat treatment temperature and time on hardness and wear resistance of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings were studied. The results indicated that the hardness of the composite coatings as-deposited was lower and the mass loss (i.e. rate of abrasion) was higher, while the hardness increased and the rate of abrasion decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The rate of abrasion was the lowest and hardness was the highest at 400℃. The hardness decreased and the rate of abrasion increased with the temperature increasing continuously. Both the hardness and wear resistance also increased with the prolongation of heat treatment time, reaching their peak values when the heat treatment time was 2 h. The experimental results also showed that the hardness of the coatings decreased with PTFE quantity enhancing, but the wear rate diminished correspondingly. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the structure of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coating as-deposited is amorphous, and it partly became crystal when heat treatment temperature was over 300℃.

Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Fe-based Coatings Reinforced by Spherical WC Particles

Fe-based coatings reinforced by spherical WC particles were produced on the 304 stainless steel by plasma transferred arc(PTA) to enhance the surface wear properties. Three different Fe/WC composite powder mixtures containing 0 wt%, 30 wt%, and 60 wt% of WC were investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the Fe/WC composite PTA coatings were evaluated systemically by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The wear properties of the three fabricated PTA coatings were investigated on a BRUKER UMT TriboLab. The morphologies of the worn tracks and wear debris were characterized by using SEM and 3 D non-contract profiler. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness on the cross-section and the wear resistance of the fabricated coatings increase dramatically with the increasing adding WC contents. The coating containing 60 wt% of WC possesses excellent wear resistance validated by the lower coefficients of friction(COF), narrower and shallower wear tracks and smaller wear rate. In the pure Fe-based coating, the main wear mechanism is the combination of adhesion and oxidative wear. Adhesive and two-body abrasive wear are predominated in the coating containing 30 wt% of WC, whereas threebody abrasion wear mechanism is predominated in the coating containing 60 wt% of WC.

Impressive strides in amelioration of corrosion and wear behaviors of Mg alloys using applied polymer coatings on PEO porous coatings:A review

Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have received much attention in a lot of areas due to their special chemical and physical properties.Nevertheless,high corrosion rates are a limiting factor.The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)technique is a simple approach to place an oxide film on the surface of light metals like Mg alloys.This method has been considered for controlling the rate of corrosion and improving some other properties.On the other hand,PEO coatings cannot make enough protection of Magnesium alloys for a long time due to porosity and fine cracks.Therefore,PEO-based composite coatings are used to make adequate corrosion protection on the Mg alloys surface.The popularity of these coatings is due to their good corrosion resistance,simplicity,high coating capability,and cost-effectiveness in complex segments.Formation of an organic layer on the surface of PEO coating is one of the effective methods to close the defects and thus prevent the corrosive species penetration into the substrate.Coating the PEO coating with a polymer layer can be a good solution to control the amount of damage and improve the corrosion and abrasion resistance.In addition,PEO coating can eliminate the problems of insufficient adhesion of polymer coatings and is considered as a suitable base for composite coatings.This review paper presents the corrosion and abrasion behavior of the PEO/Polymer dual coating system on Mg alloys.Given the fundamental role of coatings thickness and morphology in wear and corrosion behavior,these aspects have been highly discussed in this study.

Effect of Micro/nano-SiC_(P)on Microstructure and Properties of Electroless Ni-P-SiC_(P)Composite Coatings

Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings were deposited on 42CrMo steel by electroless plating.The surface morphologies and phase structures of the Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings processed under different SiC_(P) concentrations at different heat treatment temperatures were analyzed.The microhardness,corrosion resistance,and wear resistance of the Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings were studied.Results show that Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings exhibit cauliflower-like morphology.Increasing the SiC_(P) concentration can reduce the size of cellular structure.The microhardness and corrosion resistance are initially increased and then decreased with the increase in SiC_(P) concentration.The maximum microhardness and corrosion potential are 7379 MPa and−0.363 V,respectively,when the SiC_(P) concentration is 5 g/L.The Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings exhibit an amorphous structure,and the width of the diffuse diffraction peak becomes narrower with the increase in SiC_(P) concentration.It is suggested that SiC_(P) inhibits the deposition of P and promotes the microcrystalline transformation.After heat treatment at 350℃,the Ni-P-SiC_(P) coatings are crystallized,resulting in the precipitation of Ni3P phase.Heat treatment at 400℃ for 1 h maximizes the structure.The synergistic effect of the Ni3P precipitate phase and SiC_(P) dispersion phase promotes the densification of the cellular structure,leading to the optimal microhardness(13828 MPa),optimal corrosion resistance(−0.277 V),and excellent wear resistance.The wear mechanism is dominated by micro-cutting abrasive wear with slight adhesive and oxidative wear.