Reaction kinetics of roasting high-titanium slag with concentrated sulfuric acid

A novel method of roasting high-titanium slag with concentrated sulfuric acid was proposed to prepare titanium dioxide, and the roasting kinetics of titania was studied On the basis of roasting process. The effects of roasting temperature, particle size, and acid-to-ore mass ratio on the rate of roasting reaction were investigated. The results showed that the roasting reaction is fitted to a shrinking core model. The results of the kinetic experiment and SEM and EDAX analyses proved that the reaction rate of roasting high-titanium slag with concentrated sulfuric acid is controlled by the internal diffusion on the solid product layer. According to the Arrhenius expression, the apparent activation energy of the roasting reaction is 18.94 kJ/mol.

Effect of Al content on the reaction between Fe-10Mn-xAl(x=0.035wt%,0.5wt%,1wt%,and 2wt%)steel and CaO-SiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO slag

The effect of Al content(0.035 wt%,0.5 wt%,1 wt%,and 2 wt%)on the composition change of steel and slag as well as inclusion transformation of high manganese steel after it has equilibrated with Ca O-Si O_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O slag was studied using the method of slag/steel reaction.The experimental results showed that as the initial content of Al increased from 0.035 wt%to 2 wt%,Al gradually replaced Mn to react with Si O_(2)in slag to avoid the loss of Mn due to the reaction;this process caused both Al_(2)O_(3)in slag and Si in steel to increase while Si O_(2)and Mn O in slag to reduce.In addition,the type of inclusions also evolved as the initial Al content increased.The evolution route of inclusions was Mn O→Mn O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O→Mg O→Mn O-Ca O-Al_(2)O_(3)-Mg O and Mn O-Ca O-Mg O.The shape of inclusions evolved from spherical to irregular,became faceted,and finally transformed to spherical.The average size of inclusions presented a trend that was increasing first and then decreasing.The transformation mechanism of inclusions was explored.As the initial content of Al increased,Mg and Ca were reduced from top slag into molten steel in sequence,which consequently caused the transformation of inclusions.

Development of Steel Slag-Based Solidification/Stabilization Materials for High Moisture Content Soil

To solve the problems of high moisture content,high viscosity,and poor engineering mechanical properties of soil,this paper using with steel slag(SS)and desulfurization ash(DS)as initial raw materials,realizing the coop-erative treatment of solid waste and solidification of silt soil.The synergistic utilization of SS and DS can reduce the production cost of curing agent and promote its own consumption.According to blended cement of various SS contents and inspected compressive strength performances,the most suitable raw materials ratio was selected.The best formula for this curing agent is cement:steel slag=3:7 with 5%DS,and its 28-day compressive strength can reach 30 MPa.The experiment shows that the effect of DS and Na_(2)SO_(4) reagent with the same quality on early compressive strength improvement of cement and SS system is not much different.In this study,the mineral composition and microstructure of different gel system blocks were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDX,and a large number of webbed structures were found in the SEM test,which was not seen in previous studies.Besides,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),water resistance,and toxic characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)were used to evaluate silt solidified soil properties.The results demonstrated that the solidified silt could meet not only the standard of general subgrade;but also has a partial stabilization effect of heavy metal ions.

Effect of B_(2)O_(3) content on viscosity and structure of SiO_(2)−MgO−FeO-based slag

The effect of B_(2)O_(3) content on the viscosity of SiO_(2)−MgO−FeO-based molten slag system was investigated using the rotating cylinder method.The evolution process of the melt structure under different contents of B_(2)O_(3) was comprehensively studied via FTIR spectroscopy and a model for calculating the degree of polymerization was developed.The results showed that the viscosity of the molten slag decreased with the addition of B_(2)O_(3),which had a slight effect when its content exceeded 3 wt.%.As the addition of B_(2)O_(3) increased from 0 to 4 wt.%,the break temperature of the slags decreased from 1152 to 1050℃ and the apparent activation energy decreased from 157.90 to 141.84 kJ/mol.The addition of B_(2)O_(3) to the molten slag destroyed the chain silicate structure to form a more cyclic borosilicate structure.The Urbain model was improved to calculate the viscosity of the SiO_(2)−MgO−FeO-based slags,and the values were in good agreement with the experimentally measured values.

Investigation on the Copper Content of Matte Smelting Slag in Peirce-Smith Converter

The copper contents and its existing forms in the slags during the slag-making stage of Peirce-Smith converters in Guixi Smelter, Jiangxi Province, China have been investigated. The investigation was based on plant trials with the corresponding thermodynamic calculations and kinetic considerations. From the plant data, the total copper content in the slags was in the range of 2% to 8% (mass fraction). The mechanical entrainment of matte drops has been found to be the main cause of the copper loss. The suspension index, defined as the ratio of the mass fraction of copper in suspended matte drops in the slag to that in bulk of the matte phase, has been adopted to quantify the matte entrainment. The values of this parameter estimated in this work have been found mainly within a range of 2.5%-8.0%. The Fe3O4 content in the slag has been estimated to be the most important factor, among others, influencing the separation of slag with matte and, consequently, the copper loss from the slag.

Effects of MgO content and CaO/Al_2O_3 ratio on surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag

Surface tension of calcium aluminate refining slag was measured by the Slide method at 1823 K.Based on different levels of the MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3,the effects of MgO content and the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 on surface tension were investigated.The results indicate that surface tension decreased with increasing MgO content(from 0 to 4.86%),followed by an increase with further increasing MgO content up to 11.33%.The trend that surface tension changed with the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 was the same as the trend that surface tension changed with the MgO content.The surface tension was varied from 0.617 N/m to 0.710 N/m,for the mass ratio of CaO to Al_2O_3 varying between 0.60 and 1.28.An attempt was made to estimate surface tension of CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO slag and its sub-system,and the application showed that the model worked well.

Influence of TiO2 on the melting property and viscosity of Cr-containing high-Ti melting slag

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag(CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2–Cr2O3) with TiO2 contents ranging from 38.63 wt% to 42.63 wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a meltingpoint apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy(SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO2 content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO2 content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO2 content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO2.

Mechanism of Boron Oxide as a Phase Regulator for Modification of Manganese Slag

The current research focused on adjusting the low hydration activity of the metallurgical slag by phase reconstruction technique. Boron oxide was used as a phase regulator to improve the amorphous phase composition of the manganese slag, consequently enhancing its hydraulic activity. The effects of boron oxide dosage and calcination temperature on the manganese slag amorphous phase content were investigated. XRD and DTG were performed to analyze the hydration mechanism of the manganese slag powder and cement. Results show that, when boron oxide dosage is 15%, calcination temperature is 1 300℃, and holding time for 1 hour, the amorphous content of the modified manganese slag reaches 95% and its 28-day activity index reaches 8 1.7%. The manganese slag powder can then be used as cement or concrete admixtures for the building materials industry.

Activities of FeO in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO slags

Activities of FeO in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO slags were determined at 1673 K by electrochemical of the solid electrolyte cell： Mo [Mo＋MoOu[ZrO2（MgO）[Fe＋（CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO）＋Ag[Fe. The influences of slag compositions and basicity on FeO activities were analyzed. The results reveal that, for slags of fixed （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio, MgO and Al2O3 content, there was an increase of FeO activities with increase of FeO content. For slags with constant {（%CaO）＋ （%MgO）}/（%SiO2） ratio, fixed FeO and A1203 content, FeO activities decreased when MgO content increased from 5% to 10%, and increased with the increase of MgO content when it was over 10%. The FeO activities increased when （%CaO）/（%SiO2） ratio changed from 1.03 to 1.30 in the slags of constant MgO, FeO and Al2O3 content.

The Mechanism of Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag Preventing Alkali Aggregate Reaction

Three different methods were applied to study the alkali content of gelpores in cement. In the closed system, the concentration of K＋, Na＋ and OH - have not reduced with the increase of age. In the open system, the diffusion and transferring of K＋ and Na＋ towards free space leads to the de-crease of total alkali content. In the micro-analysis system, the contents of K＋ and Na＋ in the first hy- drated layer of ground granulated blastfurnace slag （GBFS） are very low, while the contents of calcium and magnesium are relatively high. This phenomenon shows that the mechanism of GBFS preventing alkali aggregate reaction （AAR） is： when GBFS is dissolved by alkali medium, SiO2 and Al2O3 are dissolved into the cement matrix, then around GBFS particles form reaction rings rich in Ca2＋ and Mg^2＋, and the C-S-H gel of positive charges formed in the area repulses K＋ and Na＋, which are forced to transfer to the mortar＇s matrix, pore or mortar sample surface. The transferred K ^＋ and Na^＋ form alkali gel products with other dissolved ions, then become evenly distributed in the mortar sample and react with Ca（OH）2 in pore solutions to form （Na,K）x-2z·zCa·（SiO2）y·（OH）x gel products; and thus changes the AAR gel products＇ structure. The gel products will not expand, and so they can delay expansion destruction.

Research on the Low-carbon Cementitious Materials:Effect of Triisopropanolamine on the Hydration of Phosphorous Slag and Steel Slag

Cement,phosphorous slag(PS),and steel slag(SS)were used to prepare low-carbon cementitious materials,and triisopropanolamine(TIPA)was used to improve the mechanical properties by controlling the hydration process.The experimental results show that,by using 0.06%TIPA,the compressive strength of cement containing 60%PS or 60%SS could be enhanced by 12%or 18%at 28 d.The presence of TIPA significantly affected the hydration process of PS and SS in cement.In the early stage,TIPA accelerated the dissolution of Al in PS,and the formation of carboaluminate hydrate was facilitated,which could induce the hydration;TIPA promoted the dissolution of Fe in SS,and the formation of Fe-monocarbonate,which was precipitated on the surface of SS,resulting in the postponement of hydration,especially for the high SS content.In the later stage,under the continuous solubilization effect of TIPA,the hydration of PS and SS could refine the pore structure.It was noted that compared with portland cement,the carbon emissions of cement-PS-TIPA and cement-SS-TIPA was reduced by 52%and 49%,respectively.

Investigation on Steelmaking with Hot Metal Containing Low Silicon Content in Large Converter

There are some problems in steelmaking with hot metal containing low silicon content such as difficulty in slag formation, less slag for dephosphorization and slag adhesion on oxygen lance and hood. To overcome these problems, experiments wcrc conducted and some improvements were obtained, such as adding appropriate flux, increasing the lance position slightly during steelmaking and using effective multi-outlet nozzle. Moreover, to keep normal heating rate, the ore and scrap charge should be reduced due to less chemical heat input in steelmaking.

铜渣贫化回收铜的研究现状及展望

铜是现代工业不可或缺的原材料,然而我国铜资源对外依存度高,是典型的“卡脖子”资源。铜主要通过火法冶炼铜精矿制得,冶炼过程渣量大、渣含铜量高达0.5%~5%,远高于我国铜矿的可采品位(0.2%)。因此,研究铜渣贫化回收铜的工艺对提升我国资源保障能力具有重要意义。基于铜/铜锍在渣中的赋存状态、铜损的主要形式,重点综述了现阶段铜渣贫化回收铜的工艺技术,包括火法贫化法、浮选法、湿法处理等,并对未来的研究重点进行了展望。目前,电炉贫化处理量大,技术成熟,但其通常使用煤炭等作为还原剂,由于其密度小于铜渣,反应时大多漂浮渣层表面并燃烧,反应不充分,也不利于大气环保。另外,工业上常使用金属铁棒还原炉底结瘤的磁铁矿,但其密度大于铜/铜锍,在渣液中沉降速度快,对渣层的还原不彻底。因此,开发环保、高效的还原剂逐渐成为火法电炉贫化研究的重点。浮选法是处理天然铜矿的常用手段,但铜渣存在硬度高、伴生关系复杂、粒度分布不均、微细粒多等浮选难点,同时铜渣高温浮选导致捕收剂失活的问题也亟待解决。在处理低品位铜渣时,湿法浸出是常用手段,但化学试剂和废液环保问题难以解决;生物浸出具有性质稳定、对环境无污染,且浸出后金属含量较低等优点,但其浸出周期长、效率低。根据目前贫化工艺的难点,对未来贫化工艺开发与优化进行了展望,如增加外场聚集四氧化三铁以改善铜/铜锍沉降环境、开发环保高效的火法贫化还原剂、探究还原剂对不同铜渣渣型的作用机制以及开发耐高温的铜渣浮选新药剂等。

钢渣沥青混合料在道路工程中的应用

为了总结钢渣在道路工程领域的研究现状,推动钢渣沥青混合料的应用,把握其发展现状并梳理发展需求,综述了国内外钢渣沥青混合料的应用与研究进展。通过对钢渣沥青混合料的制备与施工工艺进行总结分析,围绕钢渣掺量变化,分析其对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,归纳出目前钢渣沥青混合料的优势与不足。最后,分别对钢渣沥青混合料的经济效益、体积膨胀性和环境影响进行综合评估,旨在为钢渣沥青混合料的深入研究与应用提供启示和借鉴。结果表明:钢渣沥青路面具有路用性能优越、服役寿命长、绿色环保等优势,在多个工程实践中得到了验证;在制备钢渣沥青混合料时,级配、原材料种类以及制备工艺的差异均会对混合料性能产生关键影响;在施工过程中,由于钢渣的特殊性,需严格控制运输、摊铺以及碾压阶段的温度与均匀性;钢渣掺量对沥青混合料的路用性能有显著影响,适当掺入钢渣可提升沥青混合料的水稳定性、高温稳定性、抗疲劳性以及抗滑性,但会降低体积稳定性,综合考虑各项指标后建议钢渣适宜掺量范围为40%~50%;在钢渣沥青混合料的推广应用中,应综合评估不同地区的经济效益,并选择合适的钢渣处理工艺,以进一步改善钢渣的应用性能、提高处理效率并降低成本,为工程建设带来更好的灵活性和可持续性。

矿渣水泥基复合材料在杂散电流作用下的抗软水溶蚀机理研究

在轨道交通工程运营期间,复杂的服役环境导致混凝土结构耐久性下降。本文主要研究了在杂散电流与软水溶蚀耦合作用下,矿渣掺量、水胶比和杂散电流电压强度对矿渣水泥基复合材料微观结构的影响。结合X射线衍射、热重、扫描电子显微镜和压汞等方法,分析了矿渣水泥基复合材料经溶蚀90 d后的物相组成、Ca(OH)_(2)含量、微观形貌以及孔结构变化。研究结果表明:矿渣掺量越大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量越少,材料的孔隙率越低,结构更均匀致密;随着杂散电流电压强度的增加,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)和AFt含量变少,且AFt和Ca(OH)_(2)等物相边界变得模糊不清;矿渣水泥基复合材料中C-(A)-S-H的含量略有增多,孔隙率略有下降;随着水胶比的增大,矿渣水泥基复合材料内部的Ca(OH)_(2)含量变少,剩余物相含量变少,微观结构变得松散多孔,孔径结构整体粗化,孔隙率增大。

某固废资源综合利用项目产生水淬渣的危险特性鉴别研究

为明确某固废资源综合利用项目中产生水淬渣的危险特性,通过属性判断、腐蚀性鉴别、急性毒性初筛、易燃性鉴别、浸出毒性鉴别、反应性鉴别、毒性物质含量鉴别等手段对水淬渣是否具有危险特性进行鉴别。鉴别结果表明,在生产工艺不变、原辅料来源稳定、原辅料配比稳定且相关生产设备运行良好,生产工况稳定的情况下,鉴别对象水淬渣不属于危险废物,可作为一般工业固体废物进行管理和处置。

循环流化床锅炉降低灰渣含碳量热态试验研究

针对循环流化床(CFB)锅炉燃用非设计煤种工况下,对总风量、一/二次风比例、床温、床压等参数进行热态调整试验,分析各参数对锅炉飞灰及底渣含碳量的影响规律。结果表明:在330 t/h负荷的基准工况下(不投飞灰再循环),通过适当提升床压及燃烧室温度,能使燃料充分燃烧,飞灰含碳量由调整前最高20.75%减少到15.97%左右,底渣含碳量从最高2.28%降低至0.40%左右,锅炉效率提高约1.5%以上。此外,飞灰再循环的投入能有效降低飞灰含碳量,建议在生产实践中尽量保证飞灰再循环的连续投入。

纳米二氧化硅对超硫酸盐水泥中石膏最佳掺量的影响

超硫酸盐水泥(SSC)中石膏存在最佳掺量,纳米二氧化硅(NS)虽然可以提高超硫酸盐水泥强度,但是对石膏与铝相水化反应具有抑制作用,导致石膏最佳掺量发生改变。因此,探究NS改性条件下的石膏最佳掺量,有望进一步提高SSC性能。本文通过改变掺入与未掺入3%(质量分数)NS的SSC中石膏掺量(5.0%~15.0%,质量分数),研究其对SSC力学性能及微观性能的影响。结果表明,未掺加NS时,SSC整体强度发展缓慢,反应1 d时,强度随石膏掺量的增加呈下降趋势,石膏最佳掺量为7.5%。掺入NS后,SSC强度显著提升,3~28 d强度增幅达100%~200%,石膏最佳掺量呈增加趋势,当石膏掺量为15.0%(本文设计最大掺量)时,强度最大。NS延缓石膏消耗,抑制钙矾石生成,但不影响最终石膏消耗量;加入NS后,SSC化学结合水含量、石膏消耗量呈增加趋势,表明体系对石膏的需求量增加。本文通过探究NS改性SSC中的石膏最佳掺量变化,为进一步降低矿粉用量、提高SSC绿色低碳性提供新思路。

氯盐含量对矿粉-稻壳灰固化盐渍土强度特性的影响

针对氯渍土作为路基填料时易发生盐冻胀和溶陷引起的强度降低和稳定性不足等工程问题,采用矿粉-稻壳灰为固化剂,以氯盐含量和固化剂掺量为试验因素,通过无侧限抗压强度试验、水稳定性试验、冻融与干湿循环试验评估矿粉-稻壳灰固化盐渍土的宏观力学性能和耐久性能;利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)试验和X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)试验分析氯盐含量对矿粉-稻壳灰固化盐渍土微观特征的影响。结果表明:以28 d抗压强度作为评判标准,掺量为15%矿粉+15%稻壳灰时固化效果最佳;氯盐含量为0.3%~9.0%时,矿粉-稻壳灰固化盐渍土的抗压强度随着氯盐含量的增加先增大后减小,在氯盐含量为3.0%时抗压强度达到峰值,其耐久性与水泥固化盐渍土相比较优。微观表征分析显示,矿粉-稻壳灰固化盐渍土的火山灰反应产物和Fs盐随着氯盐含量的增加而增加,土体强度得到提升,当氯盐含量超过3.0%时,固化土内部被过多的火山灰反应产物和Fs盐充填并产生裂缝,进而劣化固化土强度。

260 t转炉终点余锰含量控制实践

针对转炉冶炼终点余锰含量不合理影响产品质量和生产成本的问题,分析了铁水中锰含量、转炉终点温度、底吹状态、炉渣碱度及渣量等因素对终点余锰含量的影响,结果表明,转炉底吹状态、炉渣碱度及渣量是影响终点余锰含量的主要原因。采取优化转炉底吹制度和转炉吹炼工艺制度后,转炉终点余锰含量可以稳定控制在0.10%~0.12%。