Research Plan on the Strategic Development of High-value Eco-agriculture in the Middle-lower Reaches of Yangtze River

At present,high-value eco-agriculture research in China is till limited and controversial,theoretical innovation and practices on eco-agriculture should be conducted.The key problems which should be solved urgently on the development of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River now including：the connotation and characteristics of high-value eco-agriculture,the construction of high-value eco-agriculture system and the policies of the development of high-value eco-agriculture.Therefore,the strategic development research on high-value eco-agriculture mainly includes the following aspects：development of agriculture modernization and theory and practices of eco-economics;theory of high-value eco-agriculture;practice of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;construction of high-value eco-agriculture in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River;development strategy and system innovation of high-value eco-agriculture in the lower and medium reaches of Yangtze River.

Construction of Energy Diagram of Ecological High-value Agriculture System and Emergry Evaluation Index System

Ecological high-value agriculture research, ecological high-value agricultural is the future of agriculture in China. In the emergy diagram was constructed based on emergy theory, and the mechanism and realization approach were well described. In addition, a set of evaluation index system of emergy was established to deter- mine contribution made by different resources of the system, providing references for further exploration of ecological high-value agricultural production system.

Boosting CO_(2) hydrogenation to high-value olefins with highly stable performance over Ba and Na co-modified Fe catalyst

CO_(2)hydrogenation has been considered to be a highly promising route for the production of high-value olefins(HVOs)while also mitigating CO_(2)emissions.However,it is challenging to achieve high selectivity and maintain stable performance for HVOs(ethylene,propylene,and linear a-olefins)over a prolonged reaction time due to the difficulty in precise control of carbon coupling and rapid catalyst deactivation.Herein,we present a selective Ba and Na co-modified Fe catalyst enriched with Fe_(5)C_(2)and Fe_(3)C active sites that can boost HVO synthesis with up to 66.1%selectivity at an average CO_(2)conversion of 38%for over 500 h.Compared to traditional NaFe catalyst,the combined effect of Ba and Na additives in the NaBaFe-0.5 catalyst suppressed excess oxidation of FeCxsites by H_(2)O.The absence of Fe3O4phase in the spent NaBaFe-0.5 catalyst reflects the stabilization effect of the co-modifiers on the FeCxsites.This study provides a strategy to design Fe-based catalysts that can be scaled up for the stable synthesis of HVOs from CO_(2)hydrogenation.

Study on the Monitoring Malfunction of Water Pollution during Drought or Flood Period and Low-carbon and High-value Methodology--A Case Study of the Correlation Test of Water,Soil and Gas Pollution in Xiangxiang County

Based on the low-carbon and high-value methodology of chemical ecology and chemical informatics,combining theory and methods,taking saving,environmental protection,low carbon,high production,high value and circulation as values and aims,the relationship between human and land as a basis,ecosystem as a center,overall control as a goal and agricultural ecological engineering as a mean,environmental pollution detection,as one of bottlenecks for agricultural products and food security,should be solved firstly;through the field survey in dry years from 2009 to 2010 when drought and flood were frequent and the frequency of drought was higher than that of flood,plus the determination of surface water flow and water quantity in a small typical river basin,the correlation of local water,soil and gas in the county could be found,and the transfer of monitoring focus from water environment to atmospheric environment was possible and necessary.The study would promote the quantitative research on the correlation among water,soil and gas,and the results were in accordance with the conclusions of related studies.

Genetic Bioengineering in the Achievement of Algae Biofuels and High-Value Bio-products

The dependence to fossil fuels has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That is why,the production of renewable and sustainable biofuels has gained a long-term importance for both scientific and political necessities.In this context,algae are promising in terms of alternative biofuels resources.For this reason,intensive scientific researches have been carried out in recent years on providing optimum efficiency in this regard.Bioengineering is a discipline that applies engineering principles of design and analysis to biological systems and biomedical technologies.Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria or microalgae engineered to produce valuable bioactive chemicals.Microalgae by target gene modification may serve as a promising source for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals.A lot of research has been carried out by applying microalgae genomic editing technique with the aim to produce numerous biotechnological products.Some successful previously reported research and production activities are still underway in this area.However,in order to produce the desired products efficiently with manipulated microalgae biorefinery,there is a need to overcome the problem of low biomass production despite high production costs.The aim of this work is to give special attention to the rich potential content of microalgae and to provide information on algal genetic manipulations to increase products by bioengineering methods.

Progress,challenges,and prospects of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling:A review

The recycling and reutilization of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become an important measure to alleviate problems like resource scarcity and environmental pollution.Although some progress has been made,battery recycling technology still faces challenges in terms of efficiency,effectiveness and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically review and analyze the current status of spent LIB recycling,and conduct a detailed comparison and evaluation of different recycling processes.In addition,this review introduces emerging recycling techniques,including deep eutectic solvents,molten salt roasting,and direct regeneration,with the intent of enhancing recycling efficiency and diminishing environmental repercussions.Furthermore,to increase the added value of recycled materials,this review proposes the concept of upgrading recycled materials into high value-added functional materials,such as catalysts,adsorbents,and graphene.Through life cycle assessment,the paper also explores the economic and environmental impacts of current battery recycling and highlights the importance that future recycling technologies should achieve a balance between recycling efficiency,economics and environmental benefits.Finally,this review outlines the opportunities and challenges of recycling key materials for next-generation batteries,and proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the green and sustainable development of batteries,circular economy,and ecological civilization.

Solvothermal synthesis and adsorption performance of layered boehmite using aluminum chloride and high-alumina fly ash

High alumina fly ash(FAHAl)is a kind of bulk solid waste unique to China,whose availability of high-value aluminum and the threat to the environment makes its high-value utilization urgent.In this work,the alumina containing leaching solution obtained from Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting and HCl leaching of FAHAl was used as the mother liquor to prepare layered boehmite in situ.The preparation process with AlCl_(3) as the raw material was also compared.The formation process and mechanism of boehmite,the choice of solvent,along with the adsorption capability of Congo red were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and adsorption experiments.Results showed that during the preparation of layered boehmite,the precursor Al(OH)_(3) from the reaction of Al^(3+) and OH-is transformed into boehmiteγ-AlOOH.The existence of ethanol is beneficial to regulate and promote the growth of boehmite crystal effectively.When water and ethanol are mixed with a volume ratio of 2:1 and used as the solvent,the maximum specific surface area of the boehmite is obtained at 135.7 m^(2)·g^(-1),and 99.16%of Congo red can be absorbed after 10 min when AlCl3 is used as a raw material.As purified leaching solution is used as the mother liquid,the crystallinity of boehmite decreases slightly when the pH value decreases from 12.5 to 11.When pH is 11,the removal efficiency of Congo red reaches a maximum of 72.25%.This process not only achieves the extraction of aluminum and high-value utilization of FAHAl but also provides a thought to prepare layered boehmite with adsorption properties.

Optimal targeted advertising strategies based on consumers' value attributes

To evaluate the effects of consumers＇ value attributes on a firm＇s marketing strategies with targeted advertising, each consumer＇s value is measured according to the consumer＇s consuming behavior and consumption features. The baseline model in which a firm sends targeted advertising to myopic consumers with constant valuations is established. The results showthat, when a firm sells products to consumers with distinct values using the strategies of targeted advertising and discriminative price, the firm＇s equilibrium profit with targeted advertising may not always be higher than that using mass advertising, which depends on the ratio of high-value and low-value consumers. Then, three extension models are constructed.First, the firm sends targeted advertising to consumers with different targeting precisions. Secondly, the firm invests in the targeting precision of targeted advertising. Finally, the deliberation cost of rational consumers accepting the discriminative price and targeted advertising is considered. The results indicate that it is profitable for a firm to send targeted advertising to consumers with different value attributes.

Controllable synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon from metal-polluted miscanthus waste boosting for supercapacitors

High-value reclamation of metal-polluted plants involved in phytoremediation is a big challenge.In this study,nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon with large specific area of 2359.1 m^(2)g^(-1) is facilely fabricated from metal-polluted miscanthus waste for efficient energy storage.The synergistic effect of KOH,urea and ammonia solution greatly improve the nitrogen quantity and surface area of the synthesized carbon.Electrodes fabricated with this carbon exhibit the excellent capacitance performance of 340.2 F g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1) and a low combined resistance of 0.116Ω,which are competitive with most of previously reported carbon-based electrodes.In addition,the as-obtained carbon electrode shows a high specific capacitance retention of over 99.6%even after 5000 cycles.Furthermore,the symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the synthesized carbon achieves a superior energy density of 25.3 Wh kg^(-1)(at 400 W kg^(-1))in 1 mol L^(-1) Na_(2)SO_(4)aqueous solution.This work provides an efficient route to upcycle metal-polluted plant waste for supercapacitor applications.

Microalgal-based feed:promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production

There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock productionand poultry,not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods withmultiple health benefits.Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks.Inthis review,microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance ofproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and other high-value products.Additionally,the positive physiologicaleffects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed toenhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals,which possess differing digestivesystems.Furthermore,the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also discussed.With regards to large scale cultivation ofmicroalgae for use as feed,many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desirednutritional properties,cultivation systems,and steps for downstream processing.These factors are highlighted withfurther investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of cultivation.Finally,this review outlines the pros and cons ofutilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle,existing cultivation strategies,and theeconomics of large-scale microalgal production.

Rural transformation,income growth,and poverty reduction by region in China in the past four decades

China has experienced rapid rural transformation in the past four decades.Accompanying the rapid transformation is a significant rise in rural household income and a substantial fall in rural poverty.This paper examines the evolutions of and the relationships between rural transformation(high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment)and its outcomes(per capita rural income and rural poverty incidence)using provincial-level data.The results show that 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities have undergone significant rural transformation,but the level and speed of rural transformation differed considerably.Moreover,an increased level of rural transformation is often associated with higher per capita rural income and reduced rural poverty incidence.Notably,a category of provincial rural transformation based on high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment is also analyzed.We further discuss the likely impacts of institutions,policies,and investments(IPIs)on rural transformation and conclude with policy implications.

Regional rural transformation and its association with household income and poverty incidence in Indonesia in the last two decades

Increasing rural household income and reducing poverty rank among Indonesia’s top development priorities.Promoting rural transformation is one strategic policy framework to achieve these goals.In the last three decades,agricultural production has shifted from low-value food crops to high-value commodities,such as horticulture,estate crops,and livestock.Previous studies have analyzed rural transformation in Indonesia at the national level,but information on the magnitudes of impact across regions remains scarce.This study aims to analyze the changes in rural transformation at a regional level in the past two decades.The research utilizes secondary data from Statistics Indonesia(BPS),covering 34 provinces from 2000 to 2020,analyzed using descriptive and panel data regression analyses.The results show an increasing trend in the share of high-value agriculture(RT_(1))and rural non-farm employment(RT_(2)).Both RT_(1)and RT_(2)are positively associated with the growth of rural household income and a lower poverty rate.However,the speed of structural transformation(ST),RT_(1),RT_(2),rural income growth,and poverty reduction vary across regions.This research implies that improving rural income and reducing poverty should be done by integrating policies,i.e.,promoting highvalue agriculture and expanding rural non-farm employment.Particular attention should also be given to provinces with slow growth in ST,RT_(1),RT_(2),and rural household income.

BIOREACTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE ALGAL PRODUCTS

Bioreactor technology has long been employed for the production of various (mosilycheap) food and pharmaceutical products. More recently, research has been mainly focused on the devel-opment of novel bioreactor technology for the production of high - value products. This paper reports theemployment of novel bioreactor technology for the production of high-value biomass and metabolites by mi-croalgae. These high-value products include microalgal biomass as health foods, pigments including phy-cocyanin and carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docsahex-aenoic acid. The processes involved include heterotrphic and mixotrophic cultures using organic sub-strates as the carbon source. We have demonstrated that these bioreactor cultivation systems are particu-larly suitable for the production of high-value products from various microalgae. These cultivation systemscan be further modified to improve cell densities and productivities by using high cell density techniquessuch as fed-batch and membrane cell recycle systems. For most of the microalgae investigated, the maxi-mum cell concentrations obtained using these bioreactor systems in our laboratories are much higher thanany so far reported in the literature.

Zeolite-confined Fe-site Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO_(2) to Produce High-value Chemicals

Zeolite-confined Fe-site catalysts(ZFCs)have emerged as superior materials for sustainably producing high-value chemicals through CO_(2) hydrogenation,owing to their adaptable framework,customizable composition,and thermal robustness.They excel in activating,adsorbing,and converting CO_(2) with remarkable efficiency and consistency in performance.This has sparked a surge in research interest in recent years.The review delves into the latest advancements in CO_(2) catalytic hydrogenation to olefins,alcohols,aromatics,and other liquid hydrocarbons,examining the synthesis,modification tactics,and the correlation between structure and performance across various ZFCs.Additionally,it underscores the pivotal factors affecting performance and sheds light on the mechanisms behind selectivity control in the CO_(2) hydrogenation process facilitated by ZFCs.To conclude,it presents pressing challenges and strategic recommendations to inspire the development of high-performance,durable ZFCs for CO_(2) hydrogenation applications.

An empirical study on classification of patent life patterns

With the theoretical framework of patent information life cycle,this research studies the relationship between patents' life patterns and technological development stages of the relevant field,using life status in patent information life cycle as the research dimension. Data of patents issued in the field of wireless charging are retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office Library. Citation information about these patents is also collected. By analyzing the temporal citation count data of patent information,the patents' life patterns using the RSD/P classification method are classified. This study found that the emergence of different life patterns of patent information has strong connection with the technological stage in which the patent information is located,and sleeping beauty patents have high hidden values. In the stage of technological development,attention should be paid to the identification of non-stationary patents. Rapid identification of high-value patents,i. e.,patents with certain life pattern,is instrumental to accelerate the development of technologies. This study provides a viable approach for identifying high-value patents of emerging technologies through empirical research.

MEAN SQUARE DEVIATION ANALYSIS OF INTERANNUAL SST VARIABILITY IN TROPICAL PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEAN

Using the SST data series in tropical ocean (20N ~ 20S, 50E ~ 80W) during 1951 ~ 1997 to calculate its monthly mean square deviation, the work obtains results showing that interannual SST variability of the Pacific is more significant than that of the Indian Ocean, especially near the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (165W～90W, 6N～6S), where it ranges from 2C to 4C. The interannual SST variability is obvious in November and December but small in March and April. The interannual variability of 搘arm pool?SST is not so obvious as that of the eastern equatorial Pacific. However, interannual SST variability of the Indian Ocean ranges from 1C to 2C or so, being smaller than that of the Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, interannual SST variability of the Southern Hemisphere is more obvious than that of the Northern Hemisphere. According to above characteristics of interannual SST variability, the key sectors are determined.

The Bioprocessing Quick Wins from Avocado Fruit in Uganda

Bioprocessing can help redeem the economic value for avocado (Persea americana) in Uganda. This study reviews the virgin potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. Avocado consists of flesh, seed, and peel. The review indicates that the waste seed and peel are vital for development of high-value products. Both the edible part and waste (peel and seed) can be used for biogas production through a solid-state fermentation process. Biodiesel can be developed using avocado seed oil through a process called transesterification. Avocado oil is a better alternative for biodiesel production compared to waste cooking oil as it requires no further conversions processes for transforming fatty acids to esters. The starch-rich avocado seed is a suitable substrate for bioethanol, pigment and starch production. The high starch content places the avocado fruit as a potential: 1) raw material for the production of bioplastics;2) substrate for bacterial culture media production as opposed to potatoes, cereals, and cassava that double as a staple food. Avocado seeds can also be used for the production of antioxidants relevant for preventing enzymatic browning, thereby increasing product shelf life. Despite the quick wins, there is a need for increased research, financing, personnel training and development of appropriate policies to spur the benefits and untapped potential of avocado bioprocessing in Uganda. The circular economy of avocado waste alone into high-value products could increase gains in the environment and stimulate industrial development, especially the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries in Uganda.

Application of Model-Based Data Transmission Techniques to Gravitational Model Data

The transmission of scientific data over long distances is required to enable interplanetary science expeditions. Current approaches include transmitting all collected data or transmitting low resolution data to enable ground controller review and selection of data for transmission. Model-based data transmission (MBDT) seeks to increase the amount of knowledge conveyed per unit of data transmitted by comparing high-resolution data collected in situ to a pre-existing (or potentially co-transmitted) model. This paper describes the application of MBDT to gravitational data and characterizes its utility and performance. This is performed by applying the MBDT technique to a selection of gravitational data previously collected for the Earth and comparing the transmission requirements to the level required for raw data transmis-sion and non-application-aware compression. Levels of transmission reduction up to 31.8% (without the use maximum-error-thresholding) and up to 97.17% (with the use of maximum-error-thresholding) resulted. These levels significantly exceed what is possible with non-application-aware compression.

Characterization of Farming Systems Using Land as a Driver of Production and Sustainability in the Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa

South African agricultural farming systems are characterised by a duality in which there exists large-scale commercial farmers and small-scale farmers. Large-scale commercial farmers, historically identified as capital intensive and characterized by the size of the landholdings, are considered as the main drivers of national food security. Small-scale farmers on the other hand are viewed as important drivers of food security at the household level. These two main farming systems can be found within the Vhembe district municipality of the Limpopo Province and are characterised differently according to land descriptors. The study used an analysis of primary data obtained from in-depth interviews and secondary data obtained from an agricultural database to identify and characterize large- and small-scale farming systems within the Vhembe district. The study examined the land resource namely farm size and land ownership, topography and soil description, rainfall and its variability and threats and hazards used under three different high value crop (HVC) commodities, macadamia nuts, mangos and avocado pears. The study further examined yield and income from farming as drivers of production that would ensure the sustainability of long-term food security at both national and household level. The study revealed that gender of farmers within the farming systems was predominantly (79%) male across all commodities. Age distribution results showed an aging population of farmers mostly (90%) above the age of 51. Communal land ownership was the dominant (74%) land ownership amongst participants. Yield is not solely dependent on farm size and requires consideration of a broader array of land management aspects. There was a strong, significant correlation between income and farm size. These factors have implications for sustainability of the two farming systems and illustrate how certain aspects of land as a driver of production such as land ownership, rainfall variability, yield and income from farming can impact sustainability.

Electrocatalytic upcycling of plastic waste:Progress,challenges,and future

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste has been developed into a formidable global environmental challenge.Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration not only exacerbate environmental degradation by releasing harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases,but also squander finite resources that could otherwise be recycled or repurposed.Upcycling is a kind of plastic recycling technology that converts plastic waste into high-value chemicals and helps to avoid resource waste and environmental pollution.Electrocatalytic upcycling emerges as a novel technology distinguished by its mild operational conditions,high transformation efficiency and product selectivity.This review commences with an overview of the recycling and upcycling technology employed in plastic waste management and the respective advantages and inherent limitations are also delineated.The different types of plastic waste upcycled by electrocatalytic strategy are then discussed and the plastic waste transformation process is examined together with the mechanisms underlying the electrocatalytic upcycling.Furthermore,the structure-activity relationships between electrocatalysts and plastic waste upcycling performance are also elucidated.The review aims to furnish readers with a comprehensive understanding of the electrocatalytic techniques for plastic waste upcycling and to provide a guidance for the design of electrocatalysts towards efficient plastic waste transformation.