INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The improvements of the mechanical properties, including bulk density of fresh mixtures, elastic modulus, and compressive strengths of four high-performance concrete mixtures, made with the addition of fly ash, refined ground blast - furnace microslag (microslag) and silica fume are studied. The concrete mixtures were determined based on the dispersion testing results. The study indicates that the elastic modulus at 28 and 91 days, and compressive strengths of the concretes are improved a lot when fly ash and microslag by 25 percent by weight of cement are added into the mixtures individually. The improvement is especially evident when silica fume by 5 percent and fly ash by 25 percent by weight of cement are added together into the mixture, while the fresh concrete mixture keeps a good workability. Through the analysis of chemically combined water ratios of the four mixtures at various hydration ages, it is found that the addition of all these mineral mixtures are beneficial to the hydration process, especially, at later stages, which might be one of the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties. (Author abstract) 4 Refs.

Influence of Cement Types and Mineral Admixtures on Resistance of Mortar to Sulfate Attack under Lower Temperature

Mortar prisms made with different cements or mineral admixtures plus 30% mass of limes tone filler were stored in 2% magnesium sulfate solution at 5±1 ℃ for 1 year and their visual appearance,strength development were measured at intervals.The formation of thaumasite was checked and confirmed by XRD and FTIR.The results show that the relative resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack of the cements is outlined below,from best to worst:sulphoaluminate cement,sulfate resisting Portland cement,OPC.The resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack of mortar is remarkably improved by the addition of silica fume or ground granulated blastfurnace slag (SL),and the better the resistance to thaumasite form of sulfate attack,the more the addition of SL is.The thaumasite form of sulfate attack is decreased to a certain degree by a lower replacement of cement with fly ash,but it is accelerated by the addition of a higher amount of fly ash due to its lower reactivity.

Grey Clustering Theory to Assess the Effect of Mineral Admixtures on the Cyclic Sulfate Resistance of Concrete

Concrete specimens made with ordinary portland cement or ordinary portland cement incorporating fly ash with the replacement of 10% or 20%, ground blast furnace slag with the replacement of 15% or 30%, or 15% fly ash and 15% ground blast furnace slag were made and exposed to a cyclic sulfate environment. Concrete properties including relative dynamic elastic modulus, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Effect of mineral admixtures on the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete was assessed based on the grey clustering theory. The experimental results indicate that the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete incorporating ground blast furnace slag belongs to the higher grey grade, which exhibits that it possesses excellent cyclic sulfate resistance. With increasing addition of fly ash, the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete changes from the medium grey grade to the lower grey grade, which shows that incorporation of fly ash is disadvantageous for the cyclic sulfate resistance of concrete.

Properties and Microstructure of Marine Concrete with Composite Mineral Admixture

The influences of compositing mineral admixtures on the regularity of mechanical property, workability, durability and microstructure of C50 marine concrete were investigated. The results show that the incorporation of mineral admixtures can improve the mechanical properties and workability of C50 marine concrete, 3 min-doped mineral admixture had excellent resistance to chloride ion permeability. The microscopic structure mixing mineral admixtures system was well-distributed and compact, little macroporeare can be found.

Effect of Alkaline Electrolyzed Water on Performance Improvement of Green Concrete with High Volume of Mineral Admixtures

The strength and durability of concrete will be significantly reduced at high volume of mineral admixture,and the poor early strength of concrete also still needs to be solved.In this investigation,a highly active alkaline electrolyzed waters was used as mixing water to improve the early strength and enhance the durability of green concrete with high volume mineral admixture,the influences of alkaline electrolyzed water(AEW)on hydration activity of mineral admixture and durability of concrete were determined.The results showed that compared with natural tap water,AEW can accelerate early hydration process of cement in concrete and produce comparatively more hydrated products,leading to a 13.6%higher compressive strength than that of ordinary concrete at early age,but the improvement effect of AEW concrete was relatively reduced at long-term age.Meanwhile,the activity of mineral admixtures could be stimulated by AEW to some extent,the strength and durability performance of AEW concrete after double doping 25%slag and 25%fly ash can still reach the level of ordinary cement concrete without mineral admixtures.The SEM micromorphology of 7 d hydrated natural tap water cement paste was observed to be flaky and tabular,but the AEW cement pastes present obvious cluster and granulation phenomenon.The SEM microstructure of AEW concrete with mineral admixtures is more developed and denser than ordinary tap water concrete with mineral admixtures.Therefore,the AEW probably could realize the effective utilization of about 50%mineral admixture amount of concrete without strength loss,the cement production cost and associated CO_(2) emission reduced,which has a good economic and environmental benefit.

Effect of Mineral Admixture on Fracture Behavior of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

According to GBJ82-85 test method for frost resistance of concrete,four-point bending tests were used to examine the effects of mineral admixture(silica fume and fly ash)on fracture toughness,fracture energy and dynamic elastic modulus of concrete subjected to rapid freeze-thaw cycles The microstructure of the concrete was also analyzed.The results show that with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles,the fracture toughness of concrete,and the loss of fracture energy as well as the l0ss of relative dynamic elastic modulus showed a downward trend.The air content of fresh concrete is the most important parameter to improve frost resistance of concrete There existed distinct difference for silica fume and fly ash to enhance fracture performance and microstructure of the concrete under freeze-thaw cycles.The l0ss of fracture energy and the loss of relative dynamic elastic modulus kept a good linear relationship.

Early-age Electrical Resistivity and Reactive Capacity of Mineral Admixtures in Mortars

A non-contacting electrical resistivity measurement device was used to investigate the effect of different types and contents of mineral admixtures on the hydration perfrormanee of mortars during early age. The experimental results show that the changes of measured resistivity with time of hydration can be used to describe the hydration characteristics of cement-based materials, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of fly ash; blast furnace slag and silica fume at the very early ages. With an increasing replacement ratio of mineral admixtures, for the specimens blended with fly ash or slag, the resistivity increases firstly, then the following flatting period extends and after setting the resistivity increasing becomes slow and consequently a lower resistivity value at 24 hours occurs. This is due to the dilution effect and lower pozzolanicl hydraulic activity of fly ash and slag. However, for the samples incorporated with silica fume, the resistivity value through 24 hours is lower with shorter flatting period and larger slope in the resistivity curves, which is because of its particle size effect and higher pozzolanic activity of silica fume. Moreover, non-contacting resistivity measurement might provide a helpful information to predict the long term performanee including the durability of cement-based materials at early ages.

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Permeability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The permeability of lightweight aggregate concrete was studied. Some efforts were taken to increase the resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete (LC) to water penetration by using the mineral admixtures of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag or silica fume. Accelerated chloride penetrability test and liquid atmosphere press method were used to study the anti-permeability of lightweight aggregate concrete. The experimental results show that fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume can decrease the permeability of lightweight aggregate concrete, but the effect of granulated blast furnace slag is poor. According to the SEM and pore structure analyzing results,an interface self-reinforcing effect model was presented and the reinforced mechanism of mineral mixture on LC was discussed according to the model described by authors.

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Electrodeposition Healing Effect of Concrete Cracks

Two types of solutions（Zn SO4, Mg SO4） were selected to study the influence of mineral admixtures on the electro-deposition healing effect of concrete cracks. Four parameters（i e, rates of weight gain, surface coating, crack closure and crack filling depth） were measured. The mineral composition of electro-deposits in the cracks was analyzed. The study shows that the healing effect of mortar specimens with 10% fly ash is the worst, while the healing effect of mortar specimens with 20% fly ash is better than that of the specimens without fly ash. The rates of weight gain, surface coating, crack closure and crack filling depth decrease with increasing content of the ground granulated blast-furnace slag（GGBS）. The mineral admixtures have no influence on the composition of deposits.

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Chloride Ion Permeation through Concrete

Through the rapid chloride ion penetration test,the influence of fly ash and slag on chloride ion permeability and microstructure of concrete was studied.The results indicate that the addition of fly ash increases concrete permeability at 28 days.With the slag content of 20% and 30%,the permeability of concrete at 28 days is reduced.The positive effect of slag is due to its relatively stronger pozzolanic reactive ability resulted in the most probable pore size and total porosity decreased.When the slag content reaches 40%,the concrete permeability showes the tendency ofincrease.

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Corrosion of Steel Rebar in Concrete

The effects of several mineral admixtures such as silica fume,granulated ground blast furnace slag and fly ash at different replacement ratio instead of Portland cement on the corrosion of steel reinforced concrete were investigated.By measuring the rebar anode polarization curve,permeability of concrete,mass loss of steel rebar and the amount of chloride ions and hydroxide in mortar,the corrosion resistance of steel embedded in fresh mortar incorporated of salt and different mineral admixtures were evaluated respectively.The results show that most mineral admixture can not improve corrosion resistance of concrete at early ages.However,in the long term the addition of mineral admixtures can decrease obviously the permeability of concrete and free chloride content in the pore solution of concrete as well as effectively improve the protection ability of passive film of steel rebar.

The Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Bending Strength of Mortar on the Premise of Equal Compressive Strength

The influence of mineral admixtures on bending strength of mortar on the premise of equal compressive strength was investigated. Three mineral admixtures （fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and steel slag） were used. The adding amount of mineral admixture in this study ranges from 22.5% to 60%, and the water-to-binder ratio ranges from 0.34 to 0.50. With equal compressive strength, different mortars can be arranged in such a descending order with their bending strength： cement-fly ash mortar, cement mortar, cement-GGBS mortar, and cement-steel slag mortar. With the same compressive strength, the higher the steel slag content and water-to-binder ratio, the lower the bending strength of mortars. However, the effect of mineral mixture content and water-to-binder ratio on the bending strength of cement-fly ash mortar and cement-GGBS mortar is far inconspicuous.

Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Alkali-Silica Reaction

The influence of silica fume, slag and fly ash on alkali-silica reaction under the condition of 70 ℃ is studied. The results show that silica, slag and fly ash may inhibit alkali-silica reaction only under suitable content. When the content is less than 10%, silica fume does not markedly influence the expansion of alkali- silica reaction. When the content is 15%-20%, silica fume only may delay the expansion of alkali-silica reaction. When the content is 30%-70%, slag may only delay the expansion of alkali-silica reaction, but cannot inhibit the expansion of alkali-silica reaction. When the content is 10%, fly ash does not markedly influence the expansion of alkali-silica reaction. When the content is 20%-30%, fly ash may only delay the expansion of alkali-silica reaction, but cannot inhibit the expansion of alkali-silica reaction. When the content is over 50%, it is possible that fly ash can inhibit effectively alkali-silica reaction.

The Mechanism of the Eeffect of Mineral Admixtures on the Expansion of Aalkali-silica Reaction

On the base of the influence rule of silica fume, slag and fly ash on alkali-silica reaction under the condition of 70 ℃, the mechanism of the effect of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction is studied further in the paper. The results show that the effects of mineral admixtures on alkali-silica reaction are mainly chemistry effect and surface physichemistry effect. Under suitable condition, the chemistry effect may make alkali-silica reaction to be inhibited effectively, but the physichemistry effect only make alkali-silica reaction to be delayed. The chemistry effect and the physichemistry effect of minerals admixture are relative to the content of Ca（OH）2 in system. Under the condition that there is a large quantity of Ca（OH）2, mineral admixture cannot inhibit alkali-silica reaction effectively. Only when Ca（OH）2 in the system is very less, it is possible that mineral admixture inhibits alkali-silica reaction effectively.

STRENGTH EFFECT OF F MINERAL ADMIXTURE ON CEMENT CONCRETE

F mineral admixture (FMA) is made of the fin- ely divided powder of natural zeolite with a bit of other agent. When FMA is used to displace about 10% (by weight) of the ordinary portland cement (OPC) (strength grade 575#) in concrete and mixed with a suitable amount of super plasticizer (w/c =0.31-0.35), then a high-strength concrete with compressive strength about 80 MPa and slump about 180 MM can be obtained. The strength of this concrete is about 10-15% higher than that of the corresponding concrete mixing with pure OPC, and its bleeding decreases greatly. It makes no segre- gation and separation, and thus it satisfies the requirement of pumping concrete in construction.

高岩温环境下矿物掺合料对喷射混凝土强度和抗渗性的影响

针对高岩温隧道环境下喷射混凝土出现后期强度下降及耐久性劣化等问题,研究了80℃干热养护条件下不同矿物掺合料(粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰)在单掺以及二元、三元复掺情况下对喷射混凝土长期强度稳定性、抗水渗透性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并通过分析硬化混凝土气泡结构参数揭示其提升机理。结果表明:单掺5%硅灰或复掺10%矿粉+5%硅灰可以明显改善喷射混凝土的长期强度稳定性及抗渗性,56 d抗压强度无倒缩,渗水高度分别降低至78、101 mm。三元复掺体系(10%粉煤灰+10%矿粉+5%硅灰)喷射混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能最佳,其28、56 d氯离子扩散系数分别降低至6.4×10^(-12)、13.0×10^(-12)m^(2)/s。

基于综合性能试验的混凝土早期开裂行为研究

为提高混凝土的早期抗裂性能,突破单因素改善其早期稳定性,进行了多因素补偿混凝土各性能缺陷方面的研究.基于调控混凝土配合比开展了胶凝材料水化热、混凝土早期收缩试验和大板加速开裂试验.通过相关收缩机理分析了不同混凝土拌和物的开裂行为;运用双参数Weibull分布分析试验结果,得出了混凝土大板裂缝经时开裂规律.试验结果表明:采用高效稳定型聚羧酸减水剂可以增加浆体的和易性,结合66.7%矿物掺合料(粉煤灰和矿渣粉与水泥质量比)、较好级配碎石和0.29的水胶比有利于延长混凝土的初裂时间和控制裂缝宽度,即提高混凝土的早期抗裂性能.同时,该调控手段也可以降低浆体的水化热,提高混凝土的抗压强度.此外,混凝土裂缝宽度的经时变化规律很好地服从双参数Weibull分布.

石灰石-煅烧黏土-水泥(LC^(3))体系的水化动力学模型

石灰石-煅烧黏土-水泥(LC^(3))是一种新型复合建筑材料,在满足水泥可持续生产和节能减排方面具有优良的应用前景。本工作通过考虑煅烧黏土和石灰石矿物掺合料的稀释效应、成核作用和火山灰反应等影响作用,提出了一种评估LC^(3)混凝土化学和力学性能的水化动力学模型。根据动力学模型,分析计算了不同掺量情况下LC^(3)胶凝体系的累计水化热、氢氧化钙含量和结合水总量。通过将模型分析结果与试验结果相比较,证明了所建立的模型可较好地模拟LC^(3)水泥胶凝体系的水化进程。结果表明,在一定掺量范围内,LC^(3)水泥胶凝体系的水化程度与掺量成正比,而氢氧化钙含量、结合水总量和累计水化热与之成反比,LC^(3)材料用于水泥辅助胶凝材料时的推荐掺量为25%~35%。

三元矿物掺和料胶砂试件性能研究

为解决煤矸石及钢渣作为单一掺和料强度不足的问题,以煤矸石、钢渣和矿粉为原材料制备复合掺和料水泥砂浆。研究不同配合比下掺和料对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段分析不同体系试块的水化机理和微观结构。结果表明,单掺煤矸石、钢渣均表现出较低的活性,而矿粉具有良好的反应活性;三元掺和料中煤矸石-矿粉-钢渣复掺比例为1∶7∶2时,试块的抗压强度最高,28 d抗压强度可以达55.26 MPa。在三元掺和料体系中,煤矸石、矿粉和钢渣可以相互促进水化,增多水化产物,加深水化程度,三者具有一定的耦合作用,具有制备三元矿物掺和料的潜力。

基于正交试验的再生透水混凝土路用性能研究

通过正交试验研究了粉煤灰、矿渣微粉、硅灰等矿物掺合料以及再生骨料替代率对再生透水混凝土抗压强度、有效孔隙率、透水系数、耐磨性的影响。结果表明:再生骨料替代率对再生透水混凝土28 d抗压强度和透水系数影响最显著,随再生骨料替代率的增加,28 d抗压强度逐渐降低,透水系数显著增大;粉煤灰掺量对磨坑长度的影响最显著,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,再生骨料透水混凝土的耐磨性显著提高。基于功效系数法,综合性能最优配比为:粉煤灰、矿渣微粉、硅灰掺量分别为15%、5%、8%,再生骨料替代率为30%,制得的再生透水混凝土28 d抗压强度为25.9 MPa,透水系数为2.04 mm/s,磨坑长度为31.7 mm。