Failure Envelopes of Wide-Shallow Composite Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines in Silty Sand

The wide-shallow composite bucket foundation(WSCBF) is a new type of offshore wind power foundation that can be built on land and rapidly installed offshore, there by effectively reducing the construction time and costs of offshore wind power foundation. In this study, the horizontal bearing capacity is calculated by finite element simulation and compared with test results to verify the validity of results. In this process, the vertical load and bending load are respectively calculated by the finite element simulation. Under the vertical load effect, the bucket foundation and the soil inside are regarded as a whole, and the corresponding buckling failure mode is obtained. The ultimate vertical bearing capacity is calculated using empirical and theoretical formulas; the theoretical formula is also revised by finite element results. Under bending load, the rotational center of the composite bucket foundation(in a region close to the bucket bottom) gradually moves from the left of the central axis(reverse to loading direction) to the nearby compartment boards along the loading direction. The H–M envelope line shows a linear relationship, and it is determined that the vertical and bending ultimate bearing capacities can be improved by an appropriate vertical load.

Responses of calcareous sand foundations to variations of groundwater table and applied loads

The long-term settlement of calcareous sand foundations caused by daily periodic fluctuations has become a significant geological hazard,but effective monitoring tools to capture the deformation profiles are still rarely reported.In this study,a laboratory model test and an in situ monitoring test were conducted.An optical frequency domain reflectometer(OFDR)with high spatial resolution(1 mm)and high accuracy(10-6)was used to record the soil strain responses to groundwater table and varied loads.The results indicated that the fiber-optic measurements can accurately locate the swelling and compressive zones.During the loading process,the interlock between calcareous sand particles was detected,which increased the internal friction angle of soil.The foundation deformation above the sliding surface was dominated by compression,and the soil was continuously compressed beneath the sliding surface.After 26e48 h,calcareous sand swelling occurred gradually above the water table,which was primarily dependent on capillary water.The swelling of the soil beneath the groundwater table was completed rapidly within less than 2 h.When the groundwater table and load remain constant,the compression creep behavior can be described by the Yasong-Wang model with R2¼0.993.The daily periodically varying in situ deformation of calcareous sand primarily occurs between the highest and lowest groundwater tables,i.e.4.2e6.2 m deep.The tuff interlayers with poor water absorption capacity do not swell or compress,but they produce compressive strain under the influence of deformed calcareous sand layers.

Self-Weight Penetration Characteristics of the Suction Foundation with Different Diameters in Sand

During the self-weight penetration process of the suction foundation on the dense sand seabed,due to the shallow penetration depth,the excess seepage seawater from the outside to the inside of the foundation may cause the negative pressure penetration process failure.Increasing the self-weight penetration depth has become an important problem for the safe construction of the suction foundation.The new suction anchor foundation has been proposed,and the self-weight penetration characteristics of the traditional suction foundation and the new suction anchor foundation are studied and compared through laboratory experiments and analysis.For the above two foundation types,by considering five foundation diameters and two bottom shapes,20 models are tested with the same penetration energy.The effects of different foundation diameters on the penetration depth,the soil plug characteristics,and the surrounding sand layer are studied.The results show that the penetration depth of the new suction foundation is smaller than that of the traditional suction foundation.With the same penetration energy,the penetration depth of the suction foundation becomes shallower as the diameter increases.The smaller the diameter of the suction foundation,the more likely it is to be fully plugged,and the smaller the height of the soil plug will be.In the stage of self-weight penetration,the impact cavity appears around the foundation,which may affect the stability of the suction foundation.

Shaking Table Tests of Four-Bucket Jacket Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines

As the offshore wind turbine foundation,the four-bucket jacket foundation has a large stiffness and the structure is difficult to be damaged under seismic load.Nevertheless,the saturated subsoil of the four-bucket jacket foundation tends to be liquefied under earthquake,which greatly affects the safety of offshore wind turbine.Therefore,the seismic performance of four-bucket jacket foundation is mainly reflected in the anti-liquefaction capacity of foundation soil.In this paper,the liquefaction resistance of sandy soil of four-bucket jacket foundation for offshore wind turbine is studied.The liquefaction and dynamic response of sandy soil foundation of four-bucket jacket foundation under seismic load are obtained by carrying out the shaking table test,and the influence mechanism of four-bucket jacket foundation on the liquefaction resistance of sandy soil foundation is analyzed.

Influence of artificial freezing onliquefaction characteristics of Nanjing sand

Purpose–This study purposes to study the influence of artificial freezing on the liquefaction characteristics of Nanjing sand,as well as its mechanism.Design/methodology/approach–was studied through dynamic triaxial tests by means of the GDS dynamic triaxial system on Nanjing sand extensively discovered in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under seismic load and metro train vibration load,respectively,and potential hazards of the two loads to the freezing construction of Nanjing sand were also identified in the tests.Findings–The results show that under both seismic load and metro train vibration load,freeze-thaw cycles will significantly reduce the stiffness and liquefaction resistance of Nanjing sand,especially in the first freezethaw cycle;the more freeze-thaw cycles,the worse structural behaviors of silty-fine sand,and the easier to liquefy;freeze-thaw cycles will increase the sensitivity of Nanjing sand’s dynamic pore pressure to dynamic load response;the lower the freezing temperature and the effective confining pressure,the worse the liquefaction resistance of Nanjing sand after freeze-thaw cycles;compared to the metro train vibration load,the seismic load in Nanjing is potentially less dangerous to freezing construction of Nanjing sand.Originality/value–The research results are helpful to the construction of the artificial ground freezing of the subway crossing passage in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and to ensure the construction safety of the subway tunnel and its crossing passage.

上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础V-H承载特性

海上风机基础不仅受自重等竖向力V作用,也因水流、波浪和风等影响而承受水平荷载H。为探讨上砂下黏地层中一种由单桩和吸力筒组成的新型海上风机桩-筒复合基础受V-H组合作用时的承载特性,自主设计完成了一系列室内桩-筒复合基础V-H组合加载模型试验,获得不同组合参数下桩-筒复合基础的荷载-位移曲线和桩身弯矩分布曲线,并绘制出V-H承载力包络线。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础三维数值分析模型,经模型验证与参数分析,进一步讨论了砂土厚度、筒径、筒高以及加载高度等参数对桩-筒复合基础承载特性的影响曲线,并拟合出桩-筒复合基础承载力简化计算公式,分析结果表明:桩-筒复合基础能显著提高桩身水平承载力,增幅达30%~90%,且增加筒径比增加筒高更有利于提高基础水平承载力;上部砂土层较厚时,桩-筒复合基础存在一个使复合基础水平承载力达到最大的预加竖向荷载最佳值,其值随不同载荷工况在(0.4~0.7)Vult范围内变化。

二元堤基结构堤防管涌机理模型试验

为了科学解释二元堤基结构堤防管涌致灾机制并揭示其形成、演化过程和致溃规律,在考虑堤基强、弱透水层之间壤土过渡层作用的基础上,通过室内模型试验完整地模拟了二元堤基管涌从单个泡泉发展至管涌群并最终造成堤基塌陷溃决的全过程。试验结果表明:上部黏土及壤土层在渗流的顶托作用下向上隆起并在堤基内部产生层间水平渗漏通道,导致发生潜层砂沸,最终向上发展为表面砂沸的渗透破坏;二元堤基结构管涌发展可分为裂缝发展、潜层破坏、上覆层破坏、管涌通道上溯、堤基破坏和堤基溃决6个发展阶段;表面砂沸由潜层砂沸发展而来,潜层砂沸是由于土层内竖向坡降所引起的渗流力大于上部土体浮容重时造成的土层结构破坏所致,临界竖向坡降处于0.9~1之间;壤土层的存在会加快堤后自由边界区域管涌群的发展速度,但可以延缓管涌通道的上溯,对堤基具有保护作用。

滩海吹填粉细砂地基长期承载力特性试验研究

对某运行10年以上出现沉陷冒水现象的滩海人工岛吹填粉细砂地基承载力进行分析,基于螺旋板载荷试验结果,研究了标贯击数、动探击数与地基承载力的关系,拟合了经验公式,在此基础上综合分析粉细砂地基承载力现状,探究地基长期承载力特性。研究结果表明,吹填粉细砂形成的滩海人工岛地基在长期反复的水力作用下可进一步密实,承载力有所提高,有利于场地的运行安全。但鉴于其松散特性,水力作用下易流失,防渗措施不到位可能导致沉陷脱空、冒水等工程问题,影响场地安全运行。因此,针对本工程沉陷冒水现象,需采取原位固化、帷幕封闭等防渗措施进行处理。

钙质砂地基中群桩基础荷载传递特性研究

为研究钙质砂地基中群桩基础承载过程中的性能特征,开展不同桩距条件下群桩基础静载试验.得到不同桩距条件下群桩的Q-S曲线和S-lgt曲线,测得3d、4.5d、6d(d为桩径)群桩在静载条件下的极限承载力F_(u),研究各个桩段的桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力以及桩端阻力的变化趋势.研究结果表明:群桩的Q-S曲线为缓变型,S-lgt曲线为渐变型,桩基承载变形大致分为稳定、渐进以及破坏3个阶段,相较于3d群桩,4.5d、6d群桩沉降发展更缓慢,F_(u)更高;同等桩距下,钙质砂地基表现出比陆源砂地基更强的群桩效应,钙质砂地基中群桩最佳桩距应在4.5d~6d之间.该研究为群桩在钙质砂地基中的应用提供数据支撑和理论参考.

南亚抗震不利地段海陆交互复杂互层地基加固性能研究

针对孟加拉国某港口工程海陆交互相复杂互层地基加固中遇到的地层特性复杂、加固效果难以预测以及软黏土和粉细砂互层土场地地震液化的问题,结合场地地质条件、使用功能、工程特点等,对插板预压联合降水强夯在该场地条件下的加固效果展开研究。依托项目试验区块,通过对加固前后土体物理力学指标的对比分析和沉降-时程曲线、孔隙水压力-时程消散曲线等的研究,得到插板预压联合降水强夯加固的过程特性以及对原状土和吹填土的加固效果。研究表明,插板预压联合降水强夯法对于复杂互层土上吹填砂场地具有较好的适应性,加固效果可满足设计承载力和工后沉降控制要求,该法对于减轻砂土层的液化具有一定的作用。研究成果对于南亚地区复杂互层土吹填场地设计具有指导意义。

盾尾密封失效诱发砂土地基盾构管片环失稳坍塌研究

盾构管片环失稳坍塌案例时有发生,探究其失稳坍塌发生条件对于预防重大安全事故发生具有重要意义。基于Midas GTS建立30环考虑环缝螺栓作用的荷载−结构计算模型,从盾尾管片环地基掏空和盾尾姿态突变2个方面探讨盾构管片环结构失稳破坏过程及失稳坍塌的发生条件。结果表明:盾尾渗漏使盾尾壳体失去了周围地基的有效约束作用,盾尾发生前仰后俯的姿态变化,隧道结构发生横向“横鸭蛋”和纵向挠曲变形,最终导致部分管片环坍塌。盾尾下沉位移是诱发管片环失稳坍塌的主要因素,盾尾下沉导致隧道纵向变形快速发展,快于盾尾渗漏引起管片环周围地基掏空所导致的隧道纵向变形。当盾尾下沉位移大于0.50 m且掏空范围大于5环、盾尾下沉位移大于0.45 m且掏空范围大于10环、盾尾下沉位移大于0.40 m且掏空范围大于11环时,环缝最大张开量超过单根螺栓极限应力时的环缝张开量47.43 mm,部分纵向螺栓被拉断,管片外水土发生喷射,加快管片环外砂土快速流失。当盾尾下沉位移大于0.5 m且掏空范围大于9环时,环缝最大张开量超过65.2 mm,管片环椭圆率超过46.1‰,最终诱发多环管片环失稳坍塌。研究结果可为盾尾渗漏诱发的重大安全风险评判提供参考。

富水砂层深基坑施工诱发邻近建筑物变形研究

依托南通市环西文化广场站项目,在围护结构施工阶段、基坑降水阶段、基坑开挖阶段采取一系列措施,减少深基坑施工对周边重要建(构)筑物的影响,项目影响电视塔的工程全部施工完成后,电视塔倾斜和沉降均在规范允许范围内。

砂土场地桩-筒复合基础地震响应离心振动台试验

地震作用容易引起砂土地基中的海上风机基础液化失效,单桩-筒型复合基础(简称桩-筒复合基础)结合了单桩基础和吸力筒基础的优势,是一种新颖的海上风机基础形式。针对砂土场地桩-筒复合基础地震响应,开展干砂及饱和砂的单桩和桩-筒复合基础的离心振动台试验,采用白噪声和具有不同频谱成分的地震波进行激振,得到两种基础形式在砂土场地中的自振频率、超孔压累积、风机加速度响应以及基础弯矩分布等。结果表明:饱和场地中筒基下的浅层土体,其超孔压累积会有所衰减,加速度幅值则被相应放大;饱和场地中单桩浅部弯矩响应较大,风机产生明显的残余位移,相比单桩,桩-筒复合基础加速度响应更大,但其在限制水平位移方面具有明显优势。研究结论对于桩-筒复合基础的抗震分析具有参考价值。

废弃轮胎-砂地基抗震性能和恢复力模型研究

为研究废弃轮胎-砂构造地基的抗震性能,进行了6组轮胎-砂构造地基的拟静力试验,分析轮胎-砂单元体的堆砌方式、初始竖向荷载和碳纤维网片对构造地基的滞回性能的影响。在拟静力试验基础上用试验拟合法建立废弃轮胎-砂构造地基的恢复力模型。研究结果表明:废弃轮胎-砂构造地基的滞回曲线饱满,总体呈梭形,具有较好的耗能能力;轮胎-砂单元体错缝堆砌、增大随初始竖向荷载和增设碳纤维网片都有利于轮胎-砂构造地基参与耗能;轮胎-砂构造地基恢复力模型的滞回曲线计算结果和试验结果吻合程度较好,可以反映出试件的受力过程和主要受力特征。

基于多块体上限法的层状珊瑚砂地基承载力分析

为研究层状珊瑚砂地基承载能力,基于极限分析上限理论,构建了适用于层状砂土的多块体破坏机构,推导了外力功率与内能耗散率的计算公式.采用序列二次规划优化算法,建立了层状珊瑚砂地基极限承载力的上限分析方法.通过与现有研究成果的对比分析,验证了所建立方法的有效性,所构建的破坏机构突破了现有分层地基破坏机构下层必须为黏土的局限.结果表明,当破坏机构穿过不同层状地层时,基于层状地基模型与均质地基模型计算得到的地基承载力和临界破坏机构有显著不同,因此有必要考虑不同分层性质.相比于地基载荷试验,所提出的上限分析方法通过调整不同地层土体参数,能够快速得到地基承载力上限值,为珊瑚砂地基设计提供参考.

基于界面本构模型的砂土中单桩荷载−沉降响应预测方法

基于界面本构模型提出了一种新的砂土中单桩荷载沉降响应的预测方法。首先,从土−结构界面本构模型出发推导了严格的桩−土界面非线性荷载传递模型,该模型承继了界面本构模型特征,能够模拟桩−土界面上发生的应变硬化/软化、剪胀与应力路径依赖性等行为。此外,采用双曲线荷载传递模型模拟桩端−土相互作用的非线性应力−位移关系。上述荷载传递模型所需参数可以通过室内界面剪切试验和土工试验进行校准。继而,基于荷载传递法,提出了单桩荷载沉降响应分析的一维计算模型,并采用迭代算法进行数值求解。最后,将理论解答与已报道的模型试验、自主开展的模型桩试验以及数值模拟结果进行比较,以验证所提出的理论方法的正确性。试验结果表明,预测值与实测值吻合较好,且该方法能够很好地预测非位移桩与位移桩的荷载沉降响应。提出了一个基于界面本构模型的单桩荷载沉降响应分析框架,为竖向荷载下砂土中单桩优化设计提供了理论参考。

深回填土砂泥岩组合地层桩锚围护基坑的变形规律

[目的]目前工程界针对基坑的研究大多数基于软土基坑和岩质基坑的经验,重庆地区为深回填土砂泥岩组合地层,需展开基坑变形规律研究。[方法]以重庆轨道交通10号线兰花湖停车场基坑工程为背景,基于现场监测数据,总结围护结构水平位移,围护桩后地面沉降的变化规律,进而围护结构水平位移与桩后地面沉降相关性。[结果及结论]围护桩最大侧移δh变化范围为0.048%H~0.103%H(H为开挖深度),远小于软土地区的统计结果;最大地面沉降δv介于0.033%H~0.220%H,小于卵石和软土基坑,与青岛土岩组合基坑较为接近;基坑开挖影响范围为H~1.5 H;基坑最大地面沉降δv与围护结构最大侧移δh关系可表示为δ_(v)=0.45δ_(h)~2.35δ_(h),均值为1.31δ_(h);地面沉降包络面积和围护结构侧移包络面积比值近似为1.67。

公路桥梁施工中软土地基施工技术的应用研究

公路桥梁工程具有规模较大以及工程施工复杂程度相对较高等方面的特点,在建设施工过程中会遇到多种路况,需要根据路况制定出针对性优化策略,保证地基部分施工能够达到预期状态,以便实现理想化桥梁道路工程施工模式。在诸多工况中,软土地基所造成的影响最为突出,如果没有合理对其进行处理,很容易会造成地基塌陷以及后续施工不力等方面的问题,鉴于此需要科学开展软土地基施工。通过对软土地基施工原则的介绍,以实际案例分析为切入点,对公路桥梁施工中软土地基施工技术及其应用展开深层次探讨,旨在强化软土地基施工技术应用水平,保证公路桥梁工程建设质量。

静动力排水固结法处理吹填海相泥沙软基试验研究

为加固吹填海相泥沙形成的软土地基,在汕头市东海岸围海造地的吹填区域内,进行堆载预压的静态排水固结法、强夯施工的动力排水固结法等试验,采用“降水+堆载+强夯”的静动力排水固结法加固吹填海相泥沙形成的软土地基。通过现场测试,研究施工过程中各层地基沉降、水位和孔隙水压力、土体位移变化情况,对处理前后的地基进行土工试验和原位测试研究,并验证该方法对海相泥沙的处理效果。研究表明,静动力排水固结法显著提高吹填软土地基的承载特性,可广泛应用于围海造地软基加固工程中。

富水砂层基坑止水缺陷高宽比对漏水漏砂的影响

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