Study on High-yielding Seed Production Technologies of Japonica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the high-yielding seed production technologies of japonica hybrid rice. [Method] Key technologies affecting the seed production of japonica hybrid rice were investigated based on manual transplanting experiment, mechanical transplanting experiment, paclobutrazol chemical control experiment, leaf-clipping experiment, gibberellic acid treatment experiment and experiment of different row ratios of male and female parents. [Result] The duration from seeding to heading was significantly shortened with sowing date postponing. The sowing date of mechanical-transplanting parents should be 3 -4 d earlier than that of manual-transplanting parents. Spraying paclobutrazol had significantly control effect on plant height of rice seedlings, and the spraying dose should be determined based on the sensitivities of different parents to paclobutrazol, with an appropriate range of 600-900 g/hm2 . Leaf clipping had certain improving effect on the seed-setting rate. The appropriate spraying dose of gibberellin for japonica hybrid rice was 75-90 g/hm2 . The yield would be relatively high when row ratio of male and female parent was 6∶2. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for improving the yield of produced japonica hybrid rice seeds.

Breeding and Seed Production Techniques of New Aromatic Danxiangyouzhenliang Rice Variety with Good Quality and High Yield

Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is a high-quality rice variety derived from the hybrid breeding of Danxiang 12A and Xianghuixiangmiao R133.Its unique temperature-sensitive three-line characteristics endow it with significant advantages of high and stable yield,and its rice fragrance is exquisite and its taste is delicate.Danxiangyouzhenliang rice showed good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.On June 10,2021,Danxiangyouzhenliang rice passed the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval(Guishendao 2021074).Danxiangyouzhenliang rice is suitable to be planted as early and late rice in southern,central and northern Guangxi.This study summarized the breeding process and high-yielding seed production techniques of Danxiangyouzhenliang rice,in order to provide useful reference for rice breeders and growers.

Seed Propagation Technology and Quality Standards of Zhuoyou 1032

The breeder’s seeds of 56 A are produced through individual selection,sib mating in pairs and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery.The foundation seeds are produced by isolated propagation of the breeder’s seeds,and the sterile line seeds for field production are produced by isolated propagation of the foundation seeds.The breeder’s seeds of restorer line 8020 R are produced by bagging and selfing and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery,and the foundation seeds are produced by re-propagation.The hybrid seed production requires better isolation conditions,which can be realized using natural forests,mountains,rivers,roads(railways,highways),houses,etc.,and the isolation distance in open areas is equal to or larger than 800 m.It also requires early sowing of the male parent,so that the male parent can make full use of the light and temperature resources before winter to grow vegetatively,forming strong male parent plants that can provide more pollen.The seeds of the male parent are sown on September 8-10,and those of the female seeds are sown on September 12-16.Quality test is conducted during breeding and seed production in accordance with relevant national standards.The purity standards of the parent seeds are as follows: purity≥99%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80%,moisture≤9%,glucosinolate content≤20 μmol/g,and erucic acid content≤0.5%;the quality standards for parental field production seeds are as follows: purity≥98%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%;and quality standards for hybrid seeds: purity≥85%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%.

A novel hybrid seed production technology based on a unilateral cross-incompatibility gene in maize

Hybrid seed production technology(SPT)using genic recessive male sterility is of great importance in maize breeding.Here,we report a novel SPT based on a maize unilateral cross-incompatibility gene Zm Ga1F with an extremely low transgene transmission rate(TTR).Proper pollen-specific Zm Ga1F expression severely inhibits pollen tube growth leading to no fertilization.The maintainer line harbors a transgene cassette in an ipe1 male sterile background containing IPE1 to restore ipe1 male fertility,Zm Ga1F to prevent transgenic pollen escape,the red fluorescence protein encoding gene Ds Red2 for the separation of male sterile and fertile seeds,and the herbicide-resistant gene Bar for transgenic plant selection.When the maintainer line is selfed,gametes of ipe1/transgene and ipe1/-genotypes are produced,and pollen of the ipe1/transgene genotype is not able to fertilize female gametes due to pollen tube growth inhibition by Zm Ga1F.Subsequently,seeds of ipe1/ipe1 and ipe1/transgene genotypes are produced at a 1:1 ratio and could be separated easily by fluorescence-based seed sorting.Not a single seed emitting fluorescence is detected in more than 200,000 seeds examined demonstrating that the pollen-tube-inhibition(PTI)-based TTR is lower than what has been reported for similar technologies to date.This PTI-based SPT shows promising potential for future maize hybrid seed production.

Performance and High-yielding Cultural Techniques of Hunyou No.2 in Myanmar

Hunyou No. 2 is a three-line hybrid rice suitable for mechanical seed pro- duction and developed by Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It performs well in yielding, lodging resistance, disease resistance, with a short duration of growth. Therefore, it is suitable to be grown in tropical areas and countries such as Myanmar and Indonesia. The male parent contains herbicide susceptible lethality gene and it is possible for mechanical mixed planting. The research analyzed performance of Hunyou No. 2 growth in Myanmar and the results showed that Hunyou No. 2 performed better in yield, panicle length, the number of seed per panicle, setting percentage, and thousand-seed weight than She thwe yin, as well as lodging resistance, disease resistance and quality. Some high-yielding cultivation measures have been concluded including sparsely sowing, densely planting, highlighting base fertilizers, and avoiding early water breaking.

青花菜雄性不育杂交制种技术

青花菜目前大多采用雄性不育杂交制种,前期由于缺乏经验,制种产量低,种子品质差,一定程度上制约了新品种的推广应用。通过多年的试验与摸索,台州市农业科学研究院西兰花课题组总结出了一套“三控一补”青花菜高产制种技术,提高了制种产量和种子品质,加速了新品种的推广速度。

两系杂交水稻新组合两优5078高产制种技术

两优5078是合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司与安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所共同选育的籼型两系杂交水稻新品种,具有株型好、产量高、适口性好等优点,适合在长江中下游作一季中稻种植,2019年通过国家审定。该文简述了该品种的亲本来源、特征特性及制种技术要点。

两系杂交水稻新组合徽两优9192高产制种技术

徽两优9192是合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司与安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所共同选育的籼型两系杂交水稻新品种,2018年通过国家审定,具有丰产性良好、株型好、生育期适中、抗性好等特点,适宜在湖北省(武陵山区除外)、湖南省(武陵山区除外)、江西省、安徽省、江苏省的长江流域稻区以及浙江省中稻区、福建省北部稻区、河南省南部稻区的稻瘟病轻发区作一季中稻种植。根据徽两优9192的亲本特性及制种地区福建省建宁县亚热带季风气候特点,从选择制种区域、田间管理等方面介绍徽两优9192的制种技术,以期为该品种大面积推广种植提供参考依据。

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉禾优7245的选育及制种技术

嘉禾优7245是中国水稻研究所联合嘉兴市农业科学研究院等多家单位,以嘉禾212A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与中恢7245(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、抗倒伏等优势,于2017年7月通过国家审定(国审稻20170064),2020—2022年先后通过了广西壮族自治区(桂审稻2020220号)、广西壮族自治区晚稻(桂审稻2022093号)、江西省(赣审稻20210016)的品种审定,2022年通过福建省:(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中、晚稻种植。文章介绍了嘉禾优7245的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

优质高产籼粳杂交稻嘉丰优3号的选育及制种技术

嘉丰优3号是嘉兴市农业科学研究院联合中国水稻研究所、浙江可得丰种业有限公司,以嘉禾112A(长粒型粳稻三系不育系)为母本与G1143(中籼迟熟型恢复系)为父本选育的三系杂交水稻新组合。该组合具有高产、优质、中抗稻瘟病等优势,于2021年4月通过浙江审定(浙审稻2021019),2021—2023年先后通过了江西省[(赣)引种〔2021〕第001号]、安徽省(皖引稻2021066)、福建省[(闽)引种〔2022〕第1号]、湖北省(鄂引种2022055)的引种备案,适宜在长江中下游地区作中稻种植。文章介绍了嘉丰优3号的选育过程、特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术等。

中国种业振兴:发展脉络、财政金融支持与破局之路

种业是现代农业的“芯片”,是国家基础性、战略性产业,也是我国积极应对百年变局、加快建设农业强国的重要举措。党的二十大报告和2024年中央一号文件明确指出,要深入实施并加快推进种业振兴行动。本文首先系统梳理了我国种业的发展历程、现状及趋势;其次识别分析了种业振兴的金融需求特点与我国财政金融服务种业发展现状,横向对比了国际上支持种业发展的做法与经验。在此基础上,本文提出种业振兴破局之路:坚持加强顶层设计与“摸着石头过河”相结合,加强财政金融协同配合,增强对种业核心科技的支持;为优势种企做大做强提供多渠道高质量精准金融服务;引导商业银行错位竞争,对不同规模的种企提供科技金融、普惠金融、绿色金融与数字金融服务等方面的差异化服务;加强配套政策支持,建立健全种业市场价值评估与风险分担机制。

杂交水稻中浙优26特征特性及制种技术

中浙优26是浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司、中国水稻研究所利用中浙2A和F1436配组育成的优质杂交水稻新品种,2020年分别通过国家审定和广西壮族自治区审定。浙江龙游县五谷香种业有限公司于2019年引种试验种植,田间表现出丰产性好、优质、耐肥抗倒、对白叶枯病和稻瘟病有较强抗性等特点。同时在龙游开展了2 a的中浙优26制种工作。根据在浙江龙游种植的田间表现和制种实践,结合亲本的特征特性,提出适合中浙优26在浙西的安全高产制种技术。

两系杂交水稻组合Q两优851制种技术

Q两优851是利用自育不育系全151S和自育优质恢复系YR851配组育成的两系杂交籼稻组合,2019和2020年分别通过长江中下游和长江上游审定。本文分析了该组合亲本的特征特性、不育系的选育过程,基于近几年栽培制种实践,总结了该组合高产安全制种技术,为水稻制种工作提供参考。

杂交粳稻申优28高产制种和栽培技术分析

申优28是利用不育系申21A和恢复系申恢26-28组成的杂交粳稻品种。本文介绍了申优28品种的特征特性,研究了其全程机械化高效制种技术,包括选种、控制播期、调控花期、机械割叶、机械辅助授粉、收割及烘干等操作技术,为杂交水稻生产制种提供技术指导。该品种具有早熟、高产、米质优且抗病性强等综合优势。为充分发挥申优28产量潜力,从适时播种、肥料运筹、水浆管理和适宜收获等方面总结了其高产栽培技术,为该品种示范推广提供参考。

芽苗菜高效生产的影响因素及其关键技术分析

芽苗菜因丰富的营养及其简单的生产模式深受人们喜爱。随着对芽苗菜培育过程各个环节的研究和先进栽培技术的不断研发,芽苗菜生产产业也在飞速发展中。芽苗菜生长过程受多种环境因素的影响,若生长条件不适宜,容易出现腐烂、烂芽、出苗不齐、芽苗过老等问题。探讨浸种时间、催芽温度、光照等外界因素对芽苗菜生产过程的影响,以及选种、智能化生产控制、LED光环境调控等关键技术的应用,以期为芽苗菜的规模化生产提供参考。

茎瘤芥(榨菜)高效制种技术研究

茎瘤芥是涪陵榨菜的主要原料作物,主要分布在重庆、浙江、四川、湖南、湖北等地,已形成了较为完备的产业。受限于气候条件,在南方制种中存在茎瘤芥制种周期长、产量低、病虫害严重等问题。甘肃省金昌地区气候优越,是制种的优势产区,因此,在甘肃省金昌地区开展了茎瘤芥错期播种制种试验研究。试验表明,金昌地区具有茎瘤芥制种的优势,常规制种产量可达1980 kg/hm^(2),种子发芽率达94%。

新质生产力助力乡村振兴战略研究

新质生产力是指建立在创新基础上,以新发展理念为指引、以高新技术为依托的一种先进生产力质态,具有技术水平高、生产效率高、质量高的特征。分析了新质生产力的巨大驱动作用,指出了全面推进乡村振兴的几个关键环节:依托新质生产力,稳定农业基本盘,保护和科学开发耕地,发展核心种源技术,提高农业基础设施现代化水平;发展新质生产力,激发县域经济活力,促进城乡生产融合;构建符合新质生产力发展要求的农业新质生产关系。

籼粳杂交水稻春优86的选育与制繁种技术

春优86是中国水稻研究所和浙江科诚种业股份有限公司利用早熟晚粳不育系春江88A和籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系T6配组而成的籼粳亚种间杂交稻新组合,具有株高适中、高产稳产、适应性广等特点,2023年11月通过农业农村部国家农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:国审稻20233243),适宜在浙江省、上海市、江苏省南部、安徽省沿江、湖北省沿江的粳稻区的稻瘟病轻发区作单季晚稻种植。本文介绍了春优86的选育过程、产量表现、特征特性、栽培技术要点和制繁种技术,为后续推广提供理论依据和技术支持。

香型中籼杂交水稻永两优206品种选育及高产栽培技术

水稻品种永两优206是由7-163S与贵非香占杂交育成,其株型紧凑、叶姿直立,生长态势旺盛;稻米品质达到NY/T 593—2013《食用稻品种品质》二级标准;抗倒、耐热性良好。在2020—2021年的区域试验中,该品种平均产量9325.6 kg/hm^(2);2022年生产试验平均产量8953.8 kg/hm^(2)。该品种具有产量高、米质优、食味香且抗性强等综合特性,可在安徽一季稻区及相似区域推广种植。其高产栽培技术包括严格选种浸种、确保功能穗达成、构建群体丰产性和适期收获等,高效制种技术包括安全制种、花期调整和发芽率提升等。研究结果为该品种制种和推广种植提供参考。

三系杂交稻“华浙优1561”高产制种技术要点

“华浙优1561”是由广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所联合中国水稻研究所和浙江勿忘农种业股份有限公司共同选育的优质杂交稻品种。“华浙优1561”属于多穗小粒型品种,分蘖力中等、产量高、抗褐飞虱。“华浙优1561”在稻米品质上表现突出:糙米率83.0%、整精米率65.7%、垩白度0.4%、透明度1级、碱消值7.0级、胶稠度72 mm、直链淀粉含量17.5%、粒长7.3 mm、长宽比3.3、垩白粒率3%,达到《食用稻品种品质》(NY/T53-01)优质一等食用长粒形籼稻品种品质规定要求。2020年“华浙优1561”通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,在广西北部、中部和南部稻作区可作早、晚稻种植。文章主要介绍了三系杂交水稻“华浙优1561”的高产制种技术要点,通过科学的制种技术和精细的栽培管理提高该品种的制种产量和品质,为水稻生产提供有力支持。