Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The c...Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The comparison of the four models comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced by higher education.As a result,it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have to do with schooling system.On the contrary,the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.展开更多
China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the FrenchÉcole Polytechnique.As such,they are utilitarian institutions,rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progr...China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the FrenchÉcole Polytechnique.As such,they are utilitarian institutions,rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progress,and tending to ignore the development of the individual.As China’s elite higher education system took in a rapidly increasing number of students in the recent massification process,China’s key science and technology universities underwent reform to become more comprehensive in curricular offerings and more research-oriented in function.The authors have uncovered an interesting phenomenon:Despite repeated discussion in academic circles,this transformation was never actually a conscious strategic choice for universities.Only when the Chinese government launched a program of higher education“massification”did universities develop their own unique reform strategies in a move to become more comprehensive and more research oriented.The authors have adopted a multi-stream analysis framework to describe and analyze three case study universities:University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(NWAFU).It was found that Chinese universities already have quite a high level of autonomy,but that the government still has the power to make strategic decisions.Each university’s decision-making mechanism has been an independent process within the constraints of the political economic structure over this period,and policy-making has combined top-down and bottom-up processes.展开更多
More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education:(1)how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education;(2)how to reinforce liberal education;(3)how ...More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education:(1)how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education;(2)how to reinforce liberal education;(3)how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence;and(4)how to harmonize the relationship between the university,the government and the market.All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate goal of universities.Modern universities must make students and the public understand that their ultimate mission is places where stratagems for profits and opportunities of employment are provided;rather,modern universities should inspire students’rationalistic potencies,cultivate their ability to look upon the development of individuals,society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.展开更多
文摘Four financial models of massification of higher education are discussed in this essay.They are American model,Western European model,Southeast Asian and Latin American model and the transition countrie’s model.The comparison of the four models comes to the conclusion that taking advantage of nongovernmental funding is fundamental to dealing with financial difficulty faced by higher education.As a result,it can be argued that the declining of higher education quality does not necessarily have to do with schooling system.On the contrary,the development of private higher education helps the activation mechanism of competition so as to cultivate talents needed by the society.
文摘China’s key science and technology universities are modelled on the FrenchÉcole Polytechnique.As such,they are utilitarian institutions,rooted in the concept of cultivating manpower for society’s economic progress,and tending to ignore the development of the individual.As China’s elite higher education system took in a rapidly increasing number of students in the recent massification process,China’s key science and technology universities underwent reform to become more comprehensive in curricular offerings and more research-oriented in function.The authors have uncovered an interesting phenomenon:Despite repeated discussion in academic circles,this transformation was never actually a conscious strategic choice for universities.Only when the Chinese government launched a program of higher education“massification”did universities develop their own unique reform strategies in a move to become more comprehensive and more research oriented.The authors have adopted a multi-stream analysis framework to describe and analyze three case study universities:University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(NWAFU).It was found that Chinese universities already have quite a high level of autonomy,but that the government still has the power to make strategic decisions.Each university’s decision-making mechanism has been an independent process within the constraints of the political economic structure over this period,and policy-making has combined top-down and bottom-up processes.
文摘More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education:(1)how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education;(2)how to reinforce liberal education;(3)how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence;and(4)how to harmonize the relationship between the university,the government and the market.All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate goal of universities.Modern universities must make students and the public understand that their ultimate mission is places where stratagems for profits and opportunities of employment are provided;rather,modern universities should inspire students’rationalistic potencies,cultivate their ability to look upon the development of individuals,society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.
