Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein source.Unfortunately,transporting chickens internation...Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein source.Unfortunately,transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses,such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)to new countries.Our study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an importing country.We found that the risk of infection in an importing country increased by a factor of 1.3(95%CI:1.1e1.5)for every 10-fold increase in live chickens imported from countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that year.These results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if imports from countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity measures such as screening,vaccination,and infection control practices are increased.These findings show that limiting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods may be an important step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other emerging avian influenza viruses.展开更多
As part of the USA’s National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza,an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds was developed and implemented.From...As part of the USA’s National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza,an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds was developed and implemented.From1April2006 through 31 March 2009,261946 samples fromwild birds and 101457 wild bird fecalsamples were collected in the USA;no highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected.The United States Department of Agriculture,and state and tribal cooperators accounted for 213115(81%)of the wild bird samples collected;31,27,21 and 21%of the samples were collected from theAtlantic,Pacific,Central and Mississippi flyways,respectively.More than 250 species of wild birds in all 50 states were sampled.The majority of wild birds(86%)were dabbling ducks,geese,swans and shorebirds.The apparent prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses during biological years 2007 and 2008 was 9.7 and 11.0%,respectively.The apparent prevalence of H5 and H7 subtypes across all species sampled were 0.5 and 0.06%,respectively.The pooled fecal samples(n=101539)positive for low pathogenic avian influenza were 4.0,6.7 and 4.7%for biological years 2006,2007 and 2008,respectively.The highly pathogenic early detection system for wild birds developed and implemented in the USA represents the largest coordinated wildlife disease surveillance system ever conducted.This effort provided evidence that wild birds in the USA were free of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(given the expected minimum prevalence of 0.001%)at the 99.9%confidence level during the surveillance period.展开更多
目的初步探究青海土族人群中牙周病可疑致病微生物的组成差异和种群结构。方法选择青海省土族居民牙周病样本10例,利用Illumina Mi Seq平台进行细菌16S r RNA基因(V3-V4区)高通量测序,并利用Mothur软件分析微生物的群落结构和多样性。...目的初步探究青海土族人群中牙周病可疑致病微生物的组成差异和种群结构。方法选择青海省土族居民牙周病样本10例,利用Illumina Mi Seq平台进行细菌16S r RNA基因(V3-V4区)高通量测序,并利用Mothur软件分析微生物的群落结构和多样性。结果基于97%的相似性类聚,获得牙周病组物种注释OTU(Operational taxonomic unit)数目为156个,分类地位明确的细菌属有48个。土族牙周病患者中检出的已知致病微生物种属主要包括消化链球菌属Peptostreptococcus、微单胞菌属Parvimonas、卟啉单胞菌属Porphyromonas、普雷沃菌属Prevotella、拟杆菌属Bacteroides、密螺旋体属Treponema和小类杆菌属Dialister,以及可疑的致病微生物属肠杆菌科未知属Enterobacteriaceae unclassified、希瓦氏菌属Shewanella、克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella、奈瑟氏菌属Neisseria、嗜血杆菌属Haemophilus、乳球菌属Lactococcus、明串珠菌属Leuconostoc、韦荣球菌属Veillonella、普罗维登斯菌属Providencia等。结论青海土族人群中牙周病可疑致病微生物的组成差异较大、种群结构复杂。展开更多
Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to dete...Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to determine whether broiler farmers are adopting wild bird and rodent controls to minimize the risk of HPAI impacts on food supply. Our study surveyed a cross sectional sample of 331 Chinese broiler farmers in six provinces. We find that only 47% of farmers （mainly farmers with large herds） adopted control measures against wild birds and rodents, while 14% adopted no measures. Farm size was the biggest driver of adoption followed by proportion of farm revenue derived from broiler production. However, southern farmers were at a far greater probability of non-adoption. We suggest that assistance in the form of education/training programs and subsidized traps or baiting controls across smaller producers could help raise of the adoption level toward more effective HPAI control.展开更多
基金This work is sponsored in part by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Pioneer Grant 67919.
文摘Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein source.Unfortunately,transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses,such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)to new countries.Our study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an importing country.We found that the risk of infection in an importing country increased by a factor of 1.3(95%CI:1.1e1.5)for every 10-fold increase in live chickens imported from countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that year.These results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if imports from countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity measures such as screening,vaccination,and infection control practices are increased.These findings show that limiting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods may be an important step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other emerging avian influenza viruses.
文摘As part of the USA’s National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza,an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds was developed and implemented.From1April2006 through 31 March 2009,261946 samples fromwild birds and 101457 wild bird fecalsamples were collected in the USA;no highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected.The United States Department of Agriculture,and state and tribal cooperators accounted for 213115(81%)of the wild bird samples collected;31,27,21 and 21%of the samples were collected from theAtlantic,Pacific,Central and Mississippi flyways,respectively.More than 250 species of wild birds in all 50 states were sampled.The majority of wild birds(86%)were dabbling ducks,geese,swans and shorebirds.The apparent prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses during biological years 2007 and 2008 was 9.7 and 11.0%,respectively.The apparent prevalence of H5 and H7 subtypes across all species sampled were 0.5 and 0.06%,respectively.The pooled fecal samples(n=101539)positive for low pathogenic avian influenza were 4.0,6.7 and 4.7%for biological years 2006,2007 and 2008,respectively.The highly pathogenic early detection system for wild birds developed and implemented in the USA represents the largest coordinated wildlife disease surveillance system ever conducted.This effort provided evidence that wild birds in the USA were free of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(given the expected minimum prevalence of 0.001%)at the 99.9%confidence level during the surveillance period.
文摘目的初步探究青海土族人群中牙周病可疑致病微生物的组成差异和种群结构。方法选择青海省土族居民牙周病样本10例,利用Illumina Mi Seq平台进行细菌16S r RNA基因(V3-V4区)高通量测序,并利用Mothur软件分析微生物的群落结构和多样性。结果基于97%的相似性类聚,获得牙周病组物种注释OTU(Operational taxonomic unit)数目为156个,分类地位明确的细菌属有48个。土族牙周病患者中检出的已知致病微生物种属主要包括消化链球菌属Peptostreptococcus、微单胞菌属Parvimonas、卟啉单胞菌属Porphyromonas、普雷沃菌属Prevotella、拟杆菌属Bacteroides、密螺旋体属Treponema和小类杆菌属Dialister,以及可疑的致病微生物属肠杆菌科未知属Enterobacteriaceae unclassified、希瓦氏菌属Shewanella、克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella、奈瑟氏菌属Neisseria、嗜血杆菌属Haemophilus、乳球菌属Lactococcus、明串珠菌属Leuconostoc、韦荣球菌属Veillonella、普罗维登斯菌属Providencia等。结论青海土族人群中牙周病可疑致病微生物的组成差异较大、种群结构复杂。
文摘目的:通过高通量测序的方法明确青海土族、回族和藏族人群牙周病可疑致病菌的多样性和差异。方法:纳入青海慢性牙周炎患者28例唾液样本,其中互助县土族8例、平安县回族10例和玉树藏族10例。健康对照组12例,利用Illumina平台进行细菌16S r RNA基因(V3-V4区)高通量测序,后利用Mothur软件分析牙周病可疑致病菌的群落结构和多样性。结果:基于97%的相似性类聚获得牙周病组土、回、藏族患者和对照组物种注释(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为181、210、38和14,土族类群11门19纲87属,回族13门21纲113属,藏族2门4纲21属;对照组有4门5纲12属。土族和回族共有的已知致病菌为梭杆菌属、普氏菌属和卟啉单胞菌属;土族中仅有的为消化链球菌;回族中仅有密螺旋体;同时检出大量的可疑致病菌。结论:该研究的发现对青海地区口腔疾病的治疗和防控具有参考意义。
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP-IAED-2016)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China (CARS42-G24)
文摘Highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） contamination via wild birds and rodents poses a threat to food security and safety. As chicken meat comprises an increasing proportion of diet in China, it is useful to determine whether broiler farmers are adopting wild bird and rodent controls to minimize the risk of HPAI impacts on food supply. Our study surveyed a cross sectional sample of 331 Chinese broiler farmers in six provinces. We find that only 47% of farmers （mainly farmers with large herds） adopted control measures against wild birds and rodents, while 14% adopted no measures. Farm size was the biggest driver of adoption followed by proportion of farm revenue derived from broiler production. However, southern farmers were at a far greater probability of non-adoption. We suggest that assistance in the form of education/training programs and subsidized traps or baiting controls across smaller producers could help raise of the adoption level toward more effective HPAI control.
