Wind-sand flow simulation and radius optimization of highway embankment under different vertical curve radius

It is of great practical value to explore the correlation between the vertical curve radius of desert highway and the increase of sand accumulation in local lines,and to select the appropriate vertical curve radius for reducing the risk of sand accumulation.In this study,three-dimensional models of desert highway embankments with different vertical curve radii were constructed,and Fluent software was used to simulate the wind-sand flow field and sand accumulation distribution of vertical curve embankments.The results show that:(1)Along the direction of the road,the concave and the convex vertical curve embankments have the effect of collecting and diverging the wind-sand flow,respectively.When the radius of the concave vertical curve is 3000 m,5000 m,8000 m,10000 m and 20000 m,the wind velocity in the middle of the vertical curve is 31.76%,22.58%,10.78%,10.53%and 10.44%,higher than that at both ends.When the radius of the convex vertical curve is 6500 m,8000 m,10000 m,20000 m and 30000 m,the wind velocity at both ends of the vertical curve is 14.06%,9.99%,6.14%,3.22%and 2.41%,higher than that in the middle.The diversion effect also decreases with the increase of the radius.(2)The conductivity of the concave and convex vertical curve embankments with different radii is greater than 1,which is the sediment transport roadbed.The conductivity increases with the increase of radius and gradually tends to be stable.When the radius of the concave and convex vertical curves reaches 8000 m and 20000 m respectively,the phenomenon of sand accumulation is no longer serious.Under the same radius condition,the concave vertical curve embankment is more prone to sand accumulation than the convex one.(3)Considering the strength of the collection and diversion of the vertical curve embankment with different radii,and the sand accumulation of the vertical curve embankment in the desert section of Wuma Expressway,the radius of the concave vertical curve is not less than 8000 m,and the radius of the convex vertical curve is not less than 20000 m,which can effectively reduce the sand accumulation of the vertical curve embankment.In the desert highway area,the research results of this paper can provide reference for the design of vertical curve to ensure the safe operation of desert highway.

Simulation research on collisions between highway corrugated beam guardrails and vehicles based on LS-DYNA

To explore the safety of highway traffic operations,the vehicle state and guardrail deformation during highway guardrail collisions are simulated and analyzed.The vehicle-guardrail collision is simulated by finite element software such as LS-DYNA and HyperMesh.The vehicle speed settings are 60,80,100 and 120 km/h,and the collision angles are 5°,10°,15°and 20°.The guardrail deformation,vehicle acceleration and energy changes under different collision speeds and angles are studied.The research results show that at the same collision speed,an increase in the collision angle causes more serious damage to the vehicle,a greater transverse displacement of the guardrail,and a greater range of car acceleration fluctuations.When the collision angle is the same,an increase in the collision speed causes greater lateral displacement of the guardrail,a greater vehicle acceleration fluctuation range,and more serious vehicle damage.The results of the study can provide a reference for demonstrating highway guardrail safety.

Seabed scene simulation and its realization in extending Vega

Realistic simulation of underwater scene is always difficult because of the special and complex vision effects in underwater space. Seabed is an important part of underwater environment. This paper describes the methods for seabed scene simulation based on OpenGL. It includes construction of fluctuant terrain based on the random sinusoidal algorithm, simulation of seabed flicker effect by means of circular texture mapping and generation of turbidity effect by using fog techniques. For the application based on the leading high level 3D development environment - Vega, underwater scene simulation is still a difficulty since there is no module for it. Rased on the analysis of Vega software and the research on seabed scene simulation methods, a Vega extending module named 'Underwater Space' was created through developing module class and extending lynx interface. The module class was designed through developing DLL written in C + + . The Lynx was extended through developing keyword configure file, GUI configure file and lynx plug-in DLL. The problem that Vega can't simulate underwater space, is elementarily resolved. The results show that this module is efficient, easy using, and the seabed scene images are vivid.

Modeling of Irregular Structures in Scene Simulation Based on Creator and 3dsmax

Creating proper 3D models plays an important pole in the development of scene simulation system based on multigen creator and Vega software. However, it is very difficult to construct complex structures by multigen creator. In this paper, an approach is proposed which is utilizing 3dsmax as assistant modeling software. 3D models developed in 3dsmax could be saved in 3ds format and then imported into multigen creator software. The models are revised and then saved in fit format by creator. For reducing model＇s data, simplification strategy is proposed. The problem of constructing complex models in creator is solved smoothly. In the development of digital rocket simulation project, the models constructed by this method have good visual effect, small size, and could be driven by Vega correctly.

An Online English Course Teaching Model Based on Scene Simulation

In order to improve the English online courses teaching scene adaptability, optimize the online English teaching mode, improve the quality of English teaching, an English online course teaching platform is proposed based on scene simulation. B/S client communication protocol is constructed in network transport layer, and the scene simulation model of English Online Course Teaching is established, online English teaching platform designed in this paper is constructed based on the sensing layer, network layer and application layer. A data processing center is constructed in the B/S structure and the network environment, Open Core kernel is used to realize the optimization of teaching model of English online courses, improve the teaching platform of online courses, and improve the scene adaptation ability. The test results show that the platform for online English teaching has better independent learning ability, the effectiveness of online English course teaching is better, test objects have higher satisfaction with English Online Course Teaching.

Integrated rockfall hazard and risk assessment along highways: An example for Jiuzhaigou area after the 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, China

This work addresses the integrated assessment of rockfall(including landslides) hazards and risk for S301, Z120, and Z128 highways, which are important transportation corridors to the world heritage site Jiuzhai Valley National Park in Sichuan, China. The highways are severely threatened by rockfalls or landslide events after the 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Field survey(September 14-18 th, 2017, May 15-20 th, 2018, and September 9-17 th, 2018), unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), and satellite image identified high-relief rockfalls and road construction rockfalls or landslides along the highway. Rockfall hazard is qualitatively evaluated using block count, velocity, and flying height through a 3D rockfall simulation at local and regional scales. Rockfall risk is quantitatively assessed with rockfall event probability, propagation probability, spatial probability, and vulnerability for different block volume classes. Approximately 21.5%, 20.5%, and 5.3% of the road mileage was found to be subject to an unacceptable(UA) risk class for vehicles along S301, Z120, and Z128 highways, respectively. Approximately 20.1% and 3.3% of the road mileage belong to the UA risk class for tourists along Z120 and Z128 highways, respectively. Results highlighted that high-relief rockfall events were intensively located at K50 to K55(Guanmenzi to Ganheba) and K70 to K72(Jiudaoguai to Shangsizhai Village) road mileages along S301 highway and KZ18 to KZ22(Five Flower Lake to Arrow Bamboo Lake) road mileages, KZ30(Swan Lake to Virgin Forests), and KY10.5 kilometers in Jiuzhai Valley. Rockfalls in these locations were classified under the UA risk class and medium to very high hazard index. Road construction rockfalls were located at K67(Jiuzhai Paradise) and K75–K76 kilometers along S301 highway and KZ12 to KZ14(Rhino Lake to Nuorilang Waterfall), KZ16.5 to KZ17.5(Golden Bell Lake), KY5(Lower Seasonal Lake), and KY14(Upper Seasonal Lake) kilometers along Z120 and Z128 highway in Jiuzhai Valley. Rockfalls in these areas were within a reasonable practicable risk to UA risk class and very low to medium hazard index. Finally, defensive measures, including flexible nets, concrete walls, and artificial tunnels, could be selected appropriately on the basis of the rockfall hazard index and risk class. This study revealed the integration between qualitative rockfall hazard assessment and quantitative rockfall risk assessment, which is crucial in studying rockfall prevention and mitigation.

Analysis of Highway Sloped Median Performance for Containment of Errant Vehicles

Errant vehicles occur as a result of the driver losing control of the vehicle. This may be due to sudden illness, dozing off or skidding while attempting a manoeuvre. In containing such an errant vehicle on a highway, the priority is to avoid collision with other vehicles. A sloped highway median provides a run-off area for such vehicles where the vehicle can be slowed down and stopped without the danger of being re-directed into the path of other vehicles as may occur with edge barriers. Here, the effect of a containment barrier at the bottom of the sloped median is studied with a view to prevent the vehicle from being redirected outside the median after colliding with the barrier. The focus of this work is on the change of kinematic states due to the collision, so a momentum-based vehicle collision analysis is developed, with the collision energy loss related to the vehicle stiffness being considered by coefficient of restitution. The average maximum lateral displacements post-collision are read from the diagram of vehicle x-y trajectories. In this way, the most suitable median slope 1:6 is selected.

Dynamic infrared scene simulation using grayscale modulation of digital micro-mirror device

Dynamic infrared scene simulation is for discovering and solving the problems encountered in designing, developing and manufacturing infrared imaging guidance weapons. The infrared scene simulation is explored by using the digital grayscale modulation method. The infrared image modulation model of a digital micro-mirror device （DMD） is established and then the infrared scene simulator prototype which is based on DMD grayscale modulation is developed. To evaluate its main parameters such as resolution, contrast, minimum temperature difference, gray scale, various DMD subsystems such as signal decoding, image normalization, synchronization drive, pulse width modulation （PWM） and DMD chips are designed. The infrared scene simulator is tested on a certain infrared missile seeker. The test results show preliminarily that the infrared scene simulator has high gray scale, small geometrical distortion and highly resolvable imaging resolution and contrast and yields high-fidelity images, thus being able to meet the requirements for the infrared scene simulation inside a laboratory.

Intelligent Sensing and Control of Road Construction Robot Scenes Based on Road Construction

Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.

Infrared image simulation of ground maneuver target and scene

Infrared scene simulation has extensive applications in military and civil fields. Based on a certain experimental environment,object-oriented graphics rendering engine（ OGRE） is utilized to simulate a real three-dimensional infrared complex scene. First,the target radiation of each part is calculated based on our experimental data. Then through the analysis of the radiation characteristics of targets and related material,an infrared texture library is established and the 3ds Max software is applied to establish an infrared radiation model.Finally,a real complex infrared scene is created by using the OGRE engine image rendering technology and graphic processing unit（ GPU） programmable pipeline technology. The results show that the simulation images are very similar to real images and are good supplements to real data.

Analyses of Lattice Traffic Flow Model on a Gradient Highway

The optimal current difference lattice hydrodynamic model is extended to investigate the traffic flow dynamics on a unidirectional single lane gradient highway. The effect of slope on uphill/downhill highway is examined through linear stability analysis and shown that the slope significantly affects the stability region on the phase diagram.Using nonlinear stability analysis, the Burgers, Korteweg-deVries(KdV) and modified Korteweg-deVries(mKdV) equations are derived in stable, metastable and unstable region, respectively. The effect of reaction coefficient is examined and concluded that it plays an important role in suppressing the traffic jams on a gradient highway. The theoretical findings have been verified through numerical simulation which confirm that the slope on a gradient highway significantly influence the traffic dynamics and traffic jam can be suppressed efficiently by considering the optimal current difference effect in the new lattice model.

Practical studies on rockfall simulation by DDA

In this paper,simulations of real rockfall by discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are conducted.In the simulations,the energy losses of rockfall are categorized into three types,i.e.the loss by friction,the loss by collision,and the loss by vegetation.Modeling of the energy loss using absolute parameters is conducted by the DDA method.Moreover,in order to verify the applicability and validity of the proposed DDA,field tests on rockfall and corresponding simulations of rockfall tests by DDA are performed.The simulated results of rockfall velocity and rockfall jumping height agree well with those obtained from the field tests.Therefore,the new technique properly considers the energy-absorption ability of slope based on vegetation condition and shape of the rockfall,and provides a new method for the assessment and preventive design of rockfall.

基于ArcScene与SketchUp交互建模技术的生态景观开发——以当阳市庙前镇关雎河畔为例

以当阳市庙前镇关雎河畔为例,重点介绍了基于ArcScene与SketchUp交互建模技术:基于SketchUp Esri插件和基于ArcScene中3D编辑器的交互建模技术,并比较两种不同建模技术之间的优缺点和适用范围,同时应用带有高程值的航拍地形数据点要素模拟关雎河畔地形,对场景精细化以完成生态景观场景开发。

基于SceneCaps的场景图像识别

场景识别是计算机视觉领域重要的研究方向。采用传统神经网络的场景识别方法对数据需求量较大、训练时间较长且不能捕捉图像的空间关系,对复杂的场景图像识别有一定的局限性。针对这一问题,在CapsNet(胶囊网络)的基础上,提出SceneCaps模型,并在Scene15和Places2数据集上进行实验。实验表明,与CapsNet模型相比,SceneCaps模型在Scene15和Places2数据集上的识别精度分别平均提高了0.25%和0.03%,训练速度分别平均提高了29%和69%,验证了该模型的有效性。

Comparison of the Feasible Schemes for HT-7U Assembly Simulation

The whole superconducting HT-7U Tokamak is a high-cost and large-scale complicated device. The assembly requirement of HT-7U device is arduous and strict. At present, there have been no guiding principle for the assembly of the device, but assembly simulation can help the engineer plan and make decision by an intuitional and visual way before its actual assembly. The problem is that which scheme is most suitable should be solved primarily. From current research situation and technology progress of assembly simulation, this paper explained and analyzed four kinds of technological schemes of assembly simulation in common use. Finally, we got the most feasible scheme that was suitable for HT-7U assembly simulation by comparing their technological issues and difficult points of simulation among the four kinds of feasible schemes.

Development of driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system

As hybrid vehicles introduced the motor, the vehicle structure has a significant change in the power matching. A driver-vehicle-road closed-loop semi-physical simulation system, which makes real driving parts together with the simulation car, will bring convenience to the new car design. We used the computer software to simulate the road with a slope, curve and some other features based on the actual road condition, and analyzed the whole road scene in addition to geometry and physical characteristics. Analyzing and constructing the vehicle dynamics basic template, appropriate changes to the template can obtain the desired vehicle dynamics model with an external device to control the model vehicle. It combined the physical operation system with visual display, which gave us real driving feelings and increased the vehicle design predictive accuracy.

Sparsity-based efficient simulation of cluster targets electromagnetic scattering

An efficient and real-time simulation method is proposed for the dynamic electromagnetic characteristics of cluster targets to meet the requirements of engineering practical applications.First,the coordinate transformation method is used to establish a geometric model of the observation scene,which is described by the azimuth angles and elevation angles of the radar in the target reference frame and the attitude angles of the target in the radar reference frame.Then,an approach for dynamic electromagnetic scattering simulation is proposed.Finally,a fast-computing method based on sparsity in the time domain,space domain,and frequency domain is proposed.The method analyzes the sparsity-based dynamic scattering characteristic of the typical cluster targets.The error between the sparsity-based method and the benchmark is small,proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.

多分隔受限场景空间火灾疏散安全性分析

为了优化密室逃脱类场所的复杂空间布局,基于该场所剧情场景下空间多重分隔、空间狭小、封闭且组合多样等结构特点,分析归纳该场所3种典型的受限场景空间类型,以西安市某密室逃脱类场所建筑布局为例,运用Pathfinder和PyroSim软件对其展开火灾情景下的疏散模拟仿真,进而对比分析不同场景空间的火灾特性指标以及疏散安全性。研究结果表明:密室逃脱类场所3种场景空间中,串联式场景空间人员疏散时间最长(141.53 s),单元式次之(115.53 s),并联式最短(112.28 s);从火灾烟气模拟结果看,串联式场景空间安全出口的温度、CO体积分数以及能见度始终都处于安全临界范围内,而其他2种场景空间均超过临界值,并且能见度降至0.06 m,因此从安全性判定,该密室逃脱类场所只有串联式场景空间人员疏散过程是安全的,并联式和单元式场景空间人员疏散过程中均存在一定危险性。对于密室逃脱类场所这种特定狭小空间,烟气的危害对人员安全疏散的影响尤为显著,因此要在防排烟和火灾荷载方面进行重点防控。研究结果可为密室逃脱类场所的空间结构优化提供消防指导。

Digital Simulation Platform for Satellite Launch Mission Verification

To simulate the satellite launch mission under a general platform which could be used in a full-digital mode as well as in a semi-physical way, is an important way to certify the mission design performance as well as technical feasibilities, and it relates to complex system simulation methods such as multi-disciplinary coupling, multi-language modeling as well as interactive simulation and virtual simulation technologies. This paper introduces the design of a digital simulation platform for satellite launch mission verification.The platform has the advantages of high generality and extensibility, being easy to build up. The Functional Mockup Interface(FMI) Standard is adopted to achieve integration of multi-source models. A WebGL based 3D visual simulation tool is also adopted to implement the virtual display system which could display the rocket launch process and rocket-satellite separation with high fidelity 3D virtual scenes. A configuration tool was developed to map the 3D objects in the visual scene with simulation physical variables for complex rocket flight control mechanisms, which greatly improves the platform's generality and extensibility. Finally the real-time performance had been tested and the YL-1 launch mission was adopted to demonstrate the functions of the platform.The platform will be used to construct a digital twin system for satellite launch missions in the future.

基于生态网络优化对比的国土空间生态修复策略研究

生态网络构建有助于整合破碎绿地斑块,识别国土空间生态修复过程中的关键区域并制定针对性措施,为生态型国土空间整治提供方法与技术支撑。然而,目前基于自然资源与土地利用现状构建的单一时空情景生态网络,忽略了网络与城市发展的动态变化,其稳定性与连通性缺乏验证反馈,契合城市发展的合理网络优化方案尚不明晰,生态保护措施难以适应未来城市空间的发展变化。在构建现有生态网络的基础上,对未来城市土地利用扩张情况进行预测,从生态源地、廊道、节点的动态修复视角设置增加生态踏脚石、清除生态障碍点和保护关键生态夹点3种网络优化情景,通过网络连通性分析对3种修复情景进行优化效应评估。结果显示,3种修复情景中,消除生态障碍点对生态网络的优化作用最明显,是未来生态网络构建与优化的主要关注方向。以通城县为例,判定了生态网络的最佳优化方案,提出适应现状地域特征、面向未来发展方向的生态安全格局,从生态资源要素与城市发展动态演替的视角为生态格局优化提供新思路,为生态型国土空间综合整治提供科学技术方法。