Shear performance analysis of a heavy-duty universal hinged cast steel support

This paper presents the shear performance analysis of a heavy-duty universal hinged cast steel support with the largest bearing capacity. The effect of 9 parameters ( 52 specimens) ,i. e. height of the upper support,depth of the ring of the upper support,depth of the top plate of the bottom support,height of the ribs of the bottom support,depth of the ribs of the bottom support,bolt hole diameter,number of the ribs of the bowl,depth of the ribs of the bowl,and yield strength of the material,were analyzed with a 3-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model in which the nonlinearities of geometry,material and contact were all considered. Analysis shows that height of the upper support,depth of the ring of the upper support and yield strength of the material have a great effect on the mechanical performance of the support. Height of the upper support has the largest effect on performance price ratio of the support,and the maximum effect can be up to 160% . Depth of the top plate of the bottom support,height of the ribs of the bottom support and depth of the ribs of the bottom support have a medium effect on performance price ratio of the support,and the effect is within the limit of 15% 19% .

THE AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF LIMIT STATE FUNCTION OF HINGED STRUCTURE

In this paper, the theorem of structure continual variation of truss structure in the analysis of structure reliability is derived, and it is used to generate limit state function automatically. We can avoid repeated assembly of global stiffness matrix and repeated inverse operations of the matrix caused by constant changes of structure topology. A new criterion of degenerate of the structure into mechanism is introduced. The calculation examples are satisfactory.

Seismic Response and Stability Analysis of Single Hinged Articulated Tower

Study of dynamic stability phenomenon in transient systems has always created interest amongst the researchers because of its inherent non-linearities. Offshore structures subjected to wave, earthquake or wind loads or a combination of these loads show non-linear transient behaviour. As oceanic waves are better modelled as stochastic process, there is a need to investigate the stochastic stability of flexible offshore structures as well. Present study has been carried out to determine seismic response of Single Hinged Articulated Tower (SHAT) under different categories of wave loads and earthquake followed by its dynamic stability analysis. Different phases of wave/earthquake loading on SHAT have been explored to investigate dynamic instabilities existing during each phase. Two dimensional phase plots have been used to identify phases of dynamic instability existing within the responses of SHAT under various conditions of loading.

Design and analysis of a novel hinged boom based on cable drive

Hinged booms are widely used in astrophysics missions;however,the trajectory and deployment velocity are difficult to control because they are usually driven by springs,which limits their application in narrow spaces.Thus,a novel hinged boom is highly required to achieve motion controllability.Through an equivalent substitution between the cable drive loop and the binary link in topology,a type synthesis method for the cable-driven single-degree-of-freedom chain is proposed based on the single-open-chain(SOC)adding method.According to the configuration design,a novel cable-driven hinged boom is proposed,aiming to achieve boom synchronism.Then,to preload easily,a method that preload is applied and measured at the cable ends is adopted and the relationship between the initial preload and the target preload is deduced.By analyzing the distribution of cable tension,a new stiffness model is proposed thus a stiffness equation is obtained.Finally,the dynamic simulation analysis and zero-gravity deployment experiment of the hinged boom is carried out to verify its reliability.This research provides a new way for the type synthesis of cable-driven single-degree-of-freedom chain and a new model for analyzing cable-driven stiffness.Moreover,the novel cable-driven hinged boom obtained in this study can be well-applied in the field of aerospace.

An efficient approach for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations

An efficient approach is proposed for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations.The concentrated plastic hinges,described by the Bouc-Wen model,are assumed to occur at the two ends of a linear-elastic beam element.The auxiliary differential equations governing the plastic rotational displacements and their corresponding hysteretic displacements are replaced with linearized differential equations.Then,the two sets of equations of motion for the original nonlinear system can be reduced to an expanded-order equivalent linearized equation of motion for equivalent linear systems.To solve the equation of motion for equivalent linear systems,the nonstationary random vibration analysis is carried out based on the explicit time-domain method with high efficiency.Finally,the proposed treatment method for initial values of equivalent parameters is investigated in conjunction with parallel computing technology,which provides a new way of obtaining the equivalent linear systems at different time instants.Based on the explicit time-domain method,the key responses of interest of the converged equivalent linear system can be calculated through dimension reduction analysis with high efficiency.Numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has high computational efficiency,and shows good applicability to weak nonlinear and medium-intensity nonlinear systems.

Influence of Confined Concrete Models on the Seismic Response of RC Frames

In this study, the influence of confined concrete models on the response of reinforced concrete structures is investigatedat member and global system levels. The commonly encountered concrete models such as Modified Kent-Park, Saatçioğlu-Razvi, and Mander are considered. Two moment-resisting frames designed according to thepre-modern code are taken into consideration to reflect the example of an RC moment-resisting frame in thecurrent building stock. The building is in an earthquake-prone zone located on Z3 Soil Type. The inelasticresponse of the building frame is modelled by considering the plastic hinges formed on each beam and columnelement for different concrete classes and stirrups spacings. The models are subjected to non-linear static analyses.The differences between confined concrete models are comparatively investigated at both reinforced concretemember and system levels. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is revealed that the column behaviouris mostly influenced by the choice of model, due to axial loads and confinement effects, while the beams areless affected, and also it is observed that the differences exhibited in the moment-curvature response of columncross-sections do not significantly affect the overall behaviour of the global system. This highlights the critical roleof model selection relative to the concrete strength and stirrup spacing of the member.

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ROBUST VIBRATION CONTROL OF TWO-HINGED PLATE USING BONDED PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

Active vibration control for a kind of two-hinged plate is developed in this paper. A finite element model for the hinged plate integrated with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators is derived, including bending and torsional modes of vibration. In this model, the hinges are simplified as regular plate elements to facilitate operation. The state space representations for bending and torsional vibrations are obtained. Based on two low-order models of the bending and torsional motion, two H∞ robust controllers are designed for suppressing the vibrations of the bending and torsional modes, respectively. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed H~~ controllers. The vibration magnitudes of the low-order modes can be reduced without affecting the high frequency modes.

New physics of supersonic ruptures

Until recently,it is believed that the rupture speed above the pressure wave is impossible since spontaneously propagating ruptures are driven by the energy released due to the rupture motion,which is transferred through the medium to the rupture tip region at the maximum speed equal to the pressure wave speed.However,the apparent violation of classic theories has been revealed by new experimental results demonstrating supersonic shear ruptures.This paper presents a detailed analysis of the recently discovered shear rupture mechanism(fan hinged),which suggests a new physics of energy supply to the tip of supersonic ruptures.The key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures,which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking process with the creation of intercrack slabs that act as hinges between the shearing rupture faces.The fan structure is featured with the following extraordinary properties:extremely low friction approaching zero;amplification of shear stresses above the material strength at low applied shear stresses;creation of a self‐disbalancing stress state causing a spontaneous rupture growth;abnormally high energy release;generation of driving energy directly at the rupture tip which excludes the need to transfer energy through the medium.The fan mechanism operates in intact rocks at stress conditions corresponding to seismogenic depths and in pre‐existing extremely smooth interfaces due to identical tensile cracking processes at these conditions.This is Paper 1(of two companion papers)which discusses the fan theory and extreme ruptures in experiments on extremely smooth interfaces.Paper 2 entitled“Fan‐hinged shear instead of frictional stick‐slip as the main and most dangerous mechanism of natural,induced and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust”considers extreme ruptures in intact rocks.Further study of this subject is a major challenge for deep underground science,earthquake and fracture mechanics,physics,and tribology.

基于次梯度的L1正则化Hinge损失问题求解研究

Hinge损失函数是支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)成功的关键,L1正则化在稀疏学习的研究中起关键作用.鉴于两者均是不可导函数,高阶梯度信息无法使用.利用随机次梯度方法系统研究L1正则化项的Hinge损失大规模数据问题求解.首先描述了直接次梯度方法和投影次梯度方法的随机算法形式,并对算法的收敛性和收敛速度进行了理论分析.大规模真实数据集上的实验表明,投影次梯度方法对于处理大规模稀疏数据具有更快的收敛速度和更好的稀疏性.实验进一步阐明了投影阈值对算法稀疏度的影响.

平滑削边绝对偏离惩罚截断Hinge损失支持向量机的财务危机预报

针对传统支持向量机(SVM)分类存在对离群点敏感、支持向量(SV)个数多和分类面参数非稀疏的问题,提出了平滑削边绝对偏离(SCAD)惩罚截断Hinge损失SVM(SCAD-TSVM)算法,并将其用于构建财务预警模型,同时就该模型的求解设计了一个迭代更新算法。结合沪深股市A股制造业上市公司的财务数据进行实证分析,同时对比L1范数惩罚SVM、SCAD惩罚SVM和截断Hinge损失SVM(TSVM)构建的T-2和T-3模型,结果发现SCAD-TSVM构建的T-2和T-3模型都具有最好的稀疏性和最高的预报精度,而且其在不同训练样本数上的平均预测准确率都要比L1范数SVM(L1-SVM)、SCAD-SVM和TSVM算法的高。

直接优化AUC进行网络链接预测

快速扩展的互联网形成了具有高维、稀疏和冗余特性的复杂网络.因此需要有效的技术从这些复杂网络数据中提取出最为重要的信息进行链接预测,以便为用户服务.本文提出一种基于AUC(Area under Curve)优化的链接预测算法.在该算法中,将AUC作为优化的目标函数,将链接预测问题转化为二分分类问题.将顶点之间是否存在链接作为它所在的类的标号.通过优化AUC来进行二分分类,使用铰链函数按随机次梯度下降算法迭代更新权重矩阵.最后在一些来自不同领域的真实网络上对本算法进行了测试.实验结果表明,本算法与其他算法的结果相比可以实现更高质量的预测.

基于Hinge损失函数的垂向全变差约束全波形反演

全波形反演可以为叠前深度偏移成像提供更高精度的速度模型,但该方法具有较强的非线性,对初始速度模型的依赖性较强,尤其是在实际应用中,地质条件复杂多变,速度变化不连续,增加了反演非线性程度,常常使反演陷入局部极小值,影响反演的精度.全变差约束在图像去噪领域应用广泛,属于非光滑约束,在去噪过程中能有效的保留图像的不连续界面和边缘信息.本文提出基于Hinge损失函数的垂向全变差约束全波形反演方法,在全变差约束的基础上,利用Hinge损失函数控制模型的更新方向,并使用原-对偶混合梯度算法进行求解,给出这一优化问题的迭代格式,有效提高了对地下不连续界面的重构精度,同时也降低反演对初始速度模型的依赖程度.数值算例证明:与常规全波形反演方法相比,基于全变差约束的全波形反演方法可以有效的重构速度模型中的不连续界面,尤其对高速体边缘的重构效果更明显,但该方法对初始速度模型的依赖性仍然较强;基于Hinge损失函数的垂向全变差约束全波形反演方法降低了对初始速度模型的依赖程度,可以从一个较差的初始模型通过循环迭代的方式最终得到同样精确的速度模型,较好的重构了高速体边缘和不连续界面.

封面图片说明

形状记忆聚合物SMP（shape memory polymer）是指具有某一特定的初始形状,在一定条件下变形固定后,通过热、电、磁等外部条件的刺激,能够恢复至其初始形状的聚合物,其密度低、可大尺寸成形、形变大.它具有形状记忆特性、自锁紧特性和大刚度变化特性,在航天航空、生物医学等领域的应用备受关注.基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的铰链和桁架等空间展开结构和锁紧释放机构,通过材料和结构自身的变形实现结构的展开、驱动和释放,无需机械、电机和火工品等驱动装置,具有冲击小、重量轻、结构简单、展开稳定和可靠性高等优点．

一种求解截断Hinge损失的软阈值坐标下降算法

有效地减少支持向量数目能够提高分类器的鲁棒性和精确性,缩短支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的训练和测试时间.在众多稀疏算法中,截断Hinge损失方法可以显著降低支持向量的数目,但却导致了非凸优化问题.一些研究者使用CCCP(concave-convex procedure)方法将非凸问题转化为多阶段凸问题求解,不仅增加了额外计算量,而且只能得到局部最优解.为了弥补上述不足,提出了一种基于CCCP的软阈值坐标下降算法.用坐标下降方法求解CCCP子阶段凸问题,提高计算效率;对偶SVM中引入软阈值投影技巧,能够减少更多的支持向量数目,同时选择合适的正则化参数可消除局部最优解的不良影响,提高分类器的分类精度.仿真数据库、UCI数据库和大规模真实数据库的实验证实了所提算法正确性和有效性.

How does a woodpecker work? An impact dynamics approach

To understand how a woodpecker is able accelerate its head to such a high velocity in a short amount of time,a multi-rigid-segment model of a woodpecker＇s body is established in this study.Based on the skeletal specimen of the woodpecker and several videos of woodpeckers pecking,the parameters of a three-degree-of-freedom system are determined.The high velocity of the head is found to be the result of a whipping effect,which could be affected by muscle torque and tendon stiffness.The mechanism of whipping is analyzed by comparing the response of a hinged rod to that of a rigid rod.Depending on the parameters,the dynamic behavior of a hinged rod is classified into three response modes.Of these,a high free-end velocity could be achieved in mode II.The model is then generalized to a multihinge condition,and the free-end velocity is found to increase with hinge number,which explains the high free-end velocity resulting from whipping.Furthermore,the effects of some other factors,such as damping and mass distribution,on the velocity are also discussed.

Initial-boundary value problems for a class of nonlinear thermoelastic plate equations

This paper studies initial-boundary value problems for a class of nonlinear thermoelastic plate equations. Under some certain initial data and boundary conditions, it obtains an existence and uniqueness theorem of global weak solutions of the nonlinear thermoelstic plate equations, by means of the Galerkin method. Moreover, it also proves the existence of strong and classical solutions.

一种非光滑损失坐标下降算法

针对非光滑损失问题提出一种新的坐标下降算法,采用排序搜索的方式求解子问题解析解。分析了算法的时间复杂度,并给出了三种提高收敛速度的实用技巧。实验表明算法对正则化Hinge损失问题具有良好的性能,达到了预期的效果。

基于改进支持向量机的药品包装纸盒快速鉴别研究

目的为实现在司法鉴定中对药品包装纸盒类检材的简单快速无损检验。方法利用X射线荧光光谱法,以Rh做阳极靶,在电压为50 kV、电流为30μA、功率为1.5 kW的条件下,对40组不同产地、不同厂家的药品包装纸盒样本进行检验。依据药品包装纸盒的化学元素组成对样本设置标签,建立蒙特卡洛算法(Monte Carlo Algorithm,MC)优化下的支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)分类模型,对惩罚因子进行仿真寻优,同时结合分治算法实现折半查找,使迭代过程具有自我学习能力,最终基于K-fold交叉验证,得到兼具拟合性和衍生性的惩罚因子组。结果计算机模拟结果表明,当3组支持向量机惩罚因子设置为933、280、732时,MC-SVM模型可实现对100%的训练集的拟合以及90%的预测集的分类,Hinge Loss函数最低损失值为0.0938。结论此方法可为药品包装纸盒类物证的检验以及支持向量机的参数优化提供新思路。

基于Rescaled Hinge损失函数的多子支持向量机

针对多分类学习模型性能会受异常值影响的问题,提出基于Rescaled Hinge损失函数的多子支持向量机(RHMBSVM)。首先,该方法通过引入有界、非凸的Rescaled Hinge损失函数来构建相应的优化问题;然后,利用共轭函数理论将优化问题作等价变换;最后,使用变量交替策略形成一个迭代算法来求解非凸优化问题,该方法在求解的过程中可自动调节每个样本点的惩罚权重,从而削弱了异常值对K个超平面的影响,增强了鲁棒性。使用5折交叉验证的方法进行数值实验,实验结果表明,在数据集无异常值的情况下,该方法的正确率比多子支持向量机(MBSVM)提升了1.11个百分点,比基于Rescaled Hinge损失函数的鲁棒支持向量机(RSVM-RHHQ)提升了0.74个百分点;在数据集有异常值的情况下,该方法的正确率比MBSVM提升了2.10个百分点,比RSVM-RHHQ提升了1.47个百分点。实验结果证明了所提方法在解决有异常值的多分类问题上的鲁棒性。

Ad-hING4联合^(125)Ⅰ粒子对裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤的抑癌增效作用

本工作探讨腺病毒介导的人ING4基因(Ad-hING4)联合125I粒子对裸鼠胰腺癌移植瘤的抑癌增效作用及其可能的机制。将本室构建的Ad-hING4腺病毒感染QBI-293A细胞,扩增后获得高滴度的病毒。建立25只裸鼠胰腺癌PANC-1皮下移植瘤模型,分成PBS对照组、空病毒Ad组、125I粒子近距离放疗组、Ad-hING4基因治疗组、125I粒子和Ad-hING4联合治疗组,进行抑瘤治疗实验;此后每5天测量1次肿瘤体积,20天后处死,计算抑瘤率和金氏q值。常规病理切片观察细胞生长形态、组织损伤程度和范围,并进行凋亡细胞计数(AI);免疫组化SP法检测肿瘤标本中微血管密度(MVD)、生存素Survivin和活化的Caspase-3凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果发现,125I粒子组、Ad-hING4组、联合治疗组抑瘤率分别达到34.19%(P<0.01)、31.50%(P<0.01)、67.15%(P<0.01),联合治疗组抑瘤率明显高于125I粒子和Ad-hING4治疗组(P<0.01);病理切片检查显示近粒子处肿瘤细胞变性坏死,远离粒子处可见存活肿瘤细胞;三个治疗组凋亡指数(AI)、Caspase-3阳性细胞数明显高于PBS组(P<0.05),且联合治疗组明显高于125I粒子和Ad-hING4治疗组(P<0.01);三个治疗组MVD值、Survivin阳性细胞明显低于PBS组(P<0.05),且联合治疗组明显低于125I粒子和Ad-hING4治疗组(P<0.01);Ad组与PBS组的各指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见125I粒子、Ad-hING4可显著抑制裸鼠PANC-1胰腺癌移植瘤的生长,两者联用具有抑癌增效的协同作用,Ad-hING4有望作为一种新的放疗增敏剂;其抑瘤机制可能是通过下调Survivin和上调Caspase3的表达,以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管形成。