This article reviews the species,identification,chemical composition and pharmacological effects of hirudo.Hirudo is widely sourced,difficult to identify,contains a variety of active ingredients,and has a variety of p...This article reviews the species,identification,chemical composition and pharmacological effects of hirudo.Hirudo is widely sourced,difficult to identify,contains a variety of active ingredients,and has a variety of pharmacological effects.In-depth research on hirudo is of great significance to the quality control and clinical application of hirudo.展开更多
In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult...In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult,so the scientific development of hirudos culture and solving the problem of hirudos breeding can alleviate the contradiction in the medicine market and contribute to the sustainable development of hirudo medicine.展开更多
Background:Based on the modern literature,this paper discusses the characteristics of the medication and the prescription rules of the prescriptions containing Shuizhi(Hirudo)for diabetic nephropathy.Methods:We search...Background:Based on the modern literature,this paper discusses the characteristics of the medication and the prescription rules of the prescriptions containing Shuizhi(Hirudo)for diabetic nephropathy.Methods:We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Academic Journals Full-text Database,VIP Chinese Journals Database and China Biomedical Literature Database,as well as Pubmed,the Cochrane Library and EMbase.The time limit is from setup time to November 4,2020.Include literatures published in journals containing prescriptions for treating diabetic nephropathy with Hirudo.These data was established a standardized database and then mined these data using association rules,improved mutual information method,complex system entropy clustering and other mining methods with traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(V2.5)software to excavate the characteristics of medication and the rules of prescription.Results:The study finally included 477 literatures,involving 477 prescriptions,235 Chinese medicines,5,552 times of total medicine frequency,and unearthed 20 core formulas and 9 new formula combinations.Among them,high-frequency drugs are Hirudo,HuangQi(Astragali radix),Danshen(Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma),Shanyao(Dioscoreae rhizoma),Dahuang(Rhei radix et rhizoma),Shanzhuyu(Corni fructus),Fuli(Poria),Danggui(Angelicae sinensis radix),Shengdihuang(Rehmanniae radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong rhiazoma)et al.The core prescription is a combination of Astragali radix,Hirudo,Dioscoreae rhizoma,Poria,Corni fructus,Angelicae sinensis radix,et al.Conclusion:High-frequency drugs and core prescriptions embody the characteristics of“Replenishing Qi”,“Activating Blood”,and“Nourishing Yin”.The core prescription rules were“Replenishing Qi”and“Activating Blood”.Promoting the circulation of“Qi”,promoting“Urination and Draining”,“Downbearing”the turbid were the auxiliary functions.The unearthed new prescriptions provide new ideas for the combination of prescriptions containing Hirudo in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
Objective: To find the prevention of restenosis after transluminal angioplasty (TA).Methods: Sixty rabbit iliac arteries of 30 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C, 20 in each. After exper...Objective: To find the prevention of restenosis after transluminal angioplasty (TA).Methods: Sixty rabbit iliac arteries of 30 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C, 20 in each. After experimental atherosclerotic stenosis and TA performing, ordinary forage plus 2 g of Hirudo (Hirudo nipponica whitmania) powder was fed to group A every day, to the group B, 2 gSalvia miltiorrhiza (red sage root) powder was added and to the group C, ordinary forage only. Angiography and pathomorphological examination were carried out 30 days later.Results: (1) Hirudo significantly reduced the thickness of iliac intima as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05), the thickness in the group A, B and C was 40.1 ± 9.8 μm, 48.2 ± 8. 2 μm and 69. 3 ± 9. 2 μm respectively. (2) The incidence of restenosis after TA in both group A (31.4%) and group B (48.4%)were significantly lower than that in the group C (62.8%,P < 0.05). The difference was also found between the group A and B(P < 0.05). (3) Ultrastructure examined by transmission electron microscopy showed that less rough endoplasmic reticulum and more myofilaments in well differentiated smooth muscle cell (SMC) of the arterial intima in the group A and B, while in the group C, more rough endoplasmic reticulum, more synthetic cells were seen in SMC.Conclusions: Hirudo andSalvia miltiorrhiza could effectively inhibit the hyperplasia of SMC in arterial intima and reduce intima thickness and the incidence of restenosis after TA significantly, thus it might play a role in the prevention of restenosis after TA. The effect of Hirudo is more potent than that ofSalvia miltiorrhiza.展开更多
目的通过进一步完善水蛭的真伪鉴别与质量评价方法,为保障水蛭临床用药安全有效提供参考。方法以“水蛭”“鉴定”“鉴别”以及“质量评价”等为关键字,在中国知网、维普网、万方数据、PubMed、Science Direct、Web of science等数据库...目的通过进一步完善水蛭的真伪鉴别与质量评价方法,为保障水蛭临床用药安全有效提供参考。方法以“水蛭”“鉴定”“鉴别”以及“质量评价”等为关键字,在中国知网、维普网、万方数据、PubMed、Science Direct、Web of science等数据库中查询2000年1月—2022年8月发表的相关研究论文,并以“真伪鉴定”和“质量评价”为主旨进行文献综述。结果水蛭真伪鉴别方法包括性状鉴别、理化鉴别、分子鉴别、蛋白质电泳鉴别和毛细管电泳鉴别等多种方法,其中分子鉴别和蛋白质电泳鉴别两种方法客观性强、准确性高,应用广泛;而质量评价方法较为丰富,包括抗凝血酶评价法、高效液相色谱法、蛋白质电泳法、红外光谱分析法、气相色谱质谱联用技术、指纹图谱技术等。结论分子鉴别是水蛭目前最准确的鉴别方法,在中药材及中成药中均可适用;由于药效物质并不十分明确,因此以抗凝血酶评价法的生物评价技术和宏观评价的指纹图谱技术在质量评价中更具优势。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Plan of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shandong Province(2019-2020)(2019-1036)Public Health Service Subsidy for TCM Department(Cai She[2019]39).
文摘This article reviews the species,identification,chemical composition and pharmacological effects of hirudo.Hirudo is widely sourced,difficult to identify,contains a variety of active ingredients,and has a variety of pharmacological effects.In-depth research on hirudo is of great significance to the quality control and clinical application of hirudo.
文摘In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult,so the scientific development of hirudos culture and solving the problem of hirudos breeding can alleviate the contradiction in the medicine market and contribute to the sustainable development of hirudo medicine.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060804)General Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2020GXNSFAA259086)+1 种基金Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project(GZSY20-27)Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Shi Wei Inheritance Studio.
文摘Background:Based on the modern literature,this paper discusses the characteristics of the medication and the prescription rules of the prescriptions containing Shuizhi(Hirudo)for diabetic nephropathy.Methods:We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Wanfang Academic Journals Full-text Database,VIP Chinese Journals Database and China Biomedical Literature Database,as well as Pubmed,the Cochrane Library and EMbase.The time limit is from setup time to November 4,2020.Include literatures published in journals containing prescriptions for treating diabetic nephropathy with Hirudo.These data was established a standardized database and then mined these data using association rules,improved mutual information method,complex system entropy clustering and other mining methods with traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(V2.5)software to excavate the characteristics of medication and the rules of prescription.Results:The study finally included 477 literatures,involving 477 prescriptions,235 Chinese medicines,5,552 times of total medicine frequency,and unearthed 20 core formulas and 9 new formula combinations.Among them,high-frequency drugs are Hirudo,HuangQi(Astragali radix),Danshen(Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma),Shanyao(Dioscoreae rhizoma),Dahuang(Rhei radix et rhizoma),Shanzhuyu(Corni fructus),Fuli(Poria),Danggui(Angelicae sinensis radix),Shengdihuang(Rehmanniae radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong rhiazoma)et al.The core prescription is a combination of Astragali radix,Hirudo,Dioscoreae rhizoma,Poria,Corni fructus,Angelicae sinensis radix,et al.Conclusion:High-frequency drugs and core prescriptions embody the characteristics of“Replenishing Qi”,“Activating Blood”,and“Nourishing Yin”.The core prescription rules were“Replenishing Qi”and“Activating Blood”.Promoting the circulation of“Qi”,promoting“Urination and Draining”,“Downbearing”the turbid were the auxiliary functions.The unearthed new prescriptions provide new ideas for the combination of prescriptions containing Hirudo in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
文摘Objective: To find the prevention of restenosis after transluminal angioplasty (TA).Methods: Sixty rabbit iliac arteries of 30 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A, B and C, 20 in each. After experimental atherosclerotic stenosis and TA performing, ordinary forage plus 2 g of Hirudo (Hirudo nipponica whitmania) powder was fed to group A every day, to the group B, 2 gSalvia miltiorrhiza (red sage root) powder was added and to the group C, ordinary forage only. Angiography and pathomorphological examination were carried out 30 days later.Results: (1) Hirudo significantly reduced the thickness of iliac intima as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05), the thickness in the group A, B and C was 40.1 ± 9.8 μm, 48.2 ± 8. 2 μm and 69. 3 ± 9. 2 μm respectively. (2) The incidence of restenosis after TA in both group A (31.4%) and group B (48.4%)were significantly lower than that in the group C (62.8%,P < 0.05). The difference was also found between the group A and B(P < 0.05). (3) Ultrastructure examined by transmission electron microscopy showed that less rough endoplasmic reticulum and more myofilaments in well differentiated smooth muscle cell (SMC) of the arterial intima in the group A and B, while in the group C, more rough endoplasmic reticulum, more synthetic cells were seen in SMC.Conclusions: Hirudo andSalvia miltiorrhiza could effectively inhibit the hyperplasia of SMC in arterial intima and reduce intima thickness and the incidence of restenosis after TA significantly, thus it might play a role in the prevention of restenosis after TA. The effect of Hirudo is more potent than that ofSalvia miltiorrhiza.
文摘目的通过进一步完善水蛭的真伪鉴别与质量评价方法,为保障水蛭临床用药安全有效提供参考。方法以“水蛭”“鉴定”“鉴别”以及“质量评价”等为关键字,在中国知网、维普网、万方数据、PubMed、Science Direct、Web of science等数据库中查询2000年1月—2022年8月发表的相关研究论文,并以“真伪鉴定”和“质量评价”为主旨进行文献综述。结果水蛭真伪鉴别方法包括性状鉴别、理化鉴别、分子鉴别、蛋白质电泳鉴别和毛细管电泳鉴别等多种方法,其中分子鉴别和蛋白质电泳鉴别两种方法客观性强、准确性高,应用广泛;而质量评价方法较为丰富,包括抗凝血酶评价法、高效液相色谱法、蛋白质电泳法、红外光谱分析法、气相色谱质谱联用技术、指纹图谱技术等。结论分子鉴别是水蛭目前最准确的鉴别方法,在中药材及中成药中均可适用;由于药效物质并不十分明确,因此以抗凝血酶评价法的生物评价技术和宏观评价的指纹图谱技术在质量评价中更具优势。
