Intestinal metaplasia,dysplasia and gastric cancer:a study of mucohistochemistry,immunohistochemistry and cell DNA quantitative analysis

One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of intestinal metaplasia(IM)with variousaccompanying lesions in gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemical and ABCimmunohistochemical staining,The quantitative analysis of cell DNA was done withflowcytometry for 36 specimens.The results indicated that the incidence of type Ⅱb IM wassignificantly higher in the groups of dysplasia(34.6％)and mucosa adjacent to gastric cancer(GC)(51.7％)than in the chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)group(16.0％)(P【0.01).The expres-sion rate of monoclonal antibody MG7 related antigen(MG7-Ag)in type Ⅱb IM(473％)wasalso significantly higher than those in type la(29.7％),Ib(26.1％)and Ⅱa IM(28.3％)(P【0.05).Expression rate of MG7-Ag,DNA aneuploid rate and percentage of S phase cell werestatistically higher in the type Ⅱb IM with dysphsia(62.5％,62.5％ and 143±32)than in typeⅡb 1M without dysplasia(47.3％,12.5％and12.7±2.9)(P【0.05 and P【0.01).These findingssuppor the supposed progressive process:CAG→type Ⅱb IM→dysplasia→GC,andtype Ⅱb IM with dysplasia is closely associated with GC.

Effects of Natural Radiation, PAR and Artificial Ultraviolet Radiation-B on the Ultrastructure and Histochemistry of Leaf of Oryza sativa L.

Ultraviolet radiation-B (UVBR) affects plants in many important ways, including reduced growth rate, reduction of primary productivity and changes in ultrastructure. The rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most cultivated cereal in the world along with corn and wheat, representing over 50% of agricultural production. In this study, we examined O. sativa exposed to natural radiation denominated which “ambient samples”, plants cultivated which photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), denominated with PAR-only and plants cultivated with PAR + UVBR for 2 h per day during 30 days of cultivation in vitro. The samples were processed for electron microscopy and histochemistry analysis. PAR + UVBR caused changes in the ultrastructure of leaf of O. sativa, mesophyll cells, which included increased thickness of the cell wall and plastoglobuli, reduced intracellular spaces, changes in the cell contour, and destruction of chloroplast and mitochondria internal organization. The exposure to PAR + UVBR led to changes in guard and subsidiary cells, and the stomata and papillae were with irregular shape. The reduction of epicuticular wax that covered the leaf, was observed. Taken together, these ?ndings strongly suggested that PAR + UVBR negatively affects the ultrastructure and morphology and growth rates, of leaf of O. sativa and, in the long term, their economic viability.

A Study of Histology and Enzymatic Histochemistry on Rabbit's Retina in Acute Ocular Hypertension

The changes of activities of enzymes relating to energy metabolism in rabbit's retina in acute ocular hypertension were observed. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase were found to be reduced, while the activities of the lactatic dehydrognease and glucose-6-phosphatase increased. The results revealed the metabolic disturbance of energy in retina after acute ocular hypertension might be the underlying factors relating to the defects of the functions and structures of the...

Histochemistry of microinfarcts in the mouse brain after injection of fluorescent microspheres into the common carotid artery

The mouse model of multiple cerebral infarctions,established by injecting fluorescent microspheres into the common carotid artery,is a recent development in animal models of cerebral ischemia.To investigate its effectiveness,mouse models of cerebral infarction were created by injecting fluorescent microspheres,45–53μm in diameter,into the common carotid artery.Six hours after modeling,fluorescent microspheres were observed directly through a fluorescence stereomicroscope,both on the brain surface and in brain sections.Changes in blood vessels,neurons and glial cells associated with microinfarcts were examined using fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.The microspheres were distributed mainly in the cerebral cortex,striatum and hippocampus ipsilateral to the side of injection.Microinfarcts were found in the brain regions where the fluorescent microspheres were present.Here the lodged microspheres induced vascular and neuronal injury and the activation of astroglia and microglia.These histopathological changes indicate that this animal model of multiple cerebral infarctions effectively simulates the changes of various cell types observed in multifocal microinfarcts.This model is an effective,additional tool to study the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and could be used to evaluate therapeutic interventions.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(approval No.D2021-03-16-1)on March 16,2021.

Enzymatic Histochemistry of Retina with Experimental Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Rabbits

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The 12th China-Japan Joint Seminar on Histochemistry and Cytochemistry

01 Differentiation-dependent changes in DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation: possible roles of these epigenetic factors in mouse spermatogenesis Takehiko Koji Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan Mammalian spermatogenesis is a well-ordered process, consisting of spermatogonial mitosis, spermatocytic meiosis and spermiogenesis.The process is also characterized by successive chromatin condensation and a high frequency of spermatogenic cell apoptosis.Therefore, epigenetic factors can be implicated in the regulation of spermatogenesis and any epigenetic disorder may lead to the induction of apoptosis. When we analyzed global level of DNA methylation by immunohistochemistry with anti-5-methylcytosine in paraffin-embedded sections of mouse testis, there was no difference among any stages of germ cells.

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE THALAMUS IN THE PRIMATE

Objective To observe the distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in the thalamus of the monkey.Methods Histochemical method was used to detect the acetylcholinesterase activity in the thalamus.Results Acetylcholinesterase was found to be inhomogeneous distribution in the primate thalamus and to reveal previously uncovered inhomogeneity within certain thalamic nuclei and their subdivisions. The medial, ventral and posterior nuclear groups displayed markedly uneven acetylcholinesterase reaction.In the mediodorsal nucleus,three distinct sbudivisions were revealed by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, medial magnocellular part, ventral sector of central parvicellular part and dorsolateral sector of lateral pars multiformity showed weak, moderate and strong acetylcholinesterase activity, respectively. In the ventral nuclear group, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry was strong in the medial part of ventral posterior nucleus, moderate in the magnocellular part of ventral anterior, caudal, medial, oral and pars postrema parts of ventral lateral nucleus, as well as lateral part of ventral posterior nucleus, poor and weak in the inferior part of ventral posterior nucleus, par compacta of the medial part of ventral posterior nucleus and parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus. In the pulvinar nucleus, acetylcholinesterase reaction ranged from weak, moderate to strong in the parts of the oral, medial and lateral, as well as inferior of this nucleus, respectively. Regional variations of acetylcholinesterase activity within the thalamic nuclei and their subdivisions can help to identify them by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. In addition, the dark patches of strong acetylcholinesterase activity contrasting with a lighter surrounding matrix were revealed within the parvicellular part and pars multiformis of mediodorsal nucleus, paracentral nucleus, central lateral nucleus, pars postrema part of ventral lateral nucleus and medial habenula nucleus, as well as medial part of pulvinar necleus, respectively.Conclusion Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry can serve as useful marker for delineating the thalamic nuclei and their sbudivisions. The different distribution of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry implies the activity of thalamic nuclei may be modulated by cholinergic systems.

Myelin histology:a key tool in nervous system research

The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental conditions.Today,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research.In this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining methods.Considering the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND DIAGNOSISOF COMBINED HEPATOCELLULAR ANDCHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＯＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＡＮＤＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＯＦＣＯＭＢＩＮＥＤＨＥＰＡＴＯＣＥＬＬＵＬＡＲＡＮＤＣＨＯＬＡＮＧＩＯＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＬｕＪｉａｎｐｉｎｇ路建平；ＣａｉＷｅｉｍｉｎ蔡为民；ＨａｙａｓｈｉＫｅｉｋｉ１林肇辉...

Stain Materials’Role in Biological Research:A Tool in Heath Care

Stains and staining methods significantly assist in diagnoses in medical research and health care.Certain color of a dye can identify the location of a tumor within a specimen.Applying histochemical-staining enabled morphological identification of fibrin in the lymphoid tissue during cancer progression.Staining methods in combination with the LSFM(light-sheet fluorescence microscopy)allowed tracing the drug penetration,development and spread of tumors.The Curcumin dye is in use for labelling and imaging of Aβplaques in post-mortem brain tissue.Immunofluorescent staining methods are employed in detection of some important proteins in early diagnostic changes relevant to heart damage.The methods are developed in medical research to include stem cells and tissue engineering,cell culturesproperties and capabilities,connective tissues and extracellular matrix,nervous system,musculoskeletal system;respiratory system,liver and gastrointestinal tract,and male and female reproductive systems.

Effects of AIBL on Oncomelania hupensis,the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum:An enzyme histochemical study

Objective:To explore the effect of AIBL on Oncomelania hupensis,the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum.Methods:The enzyme histochemical profiles of cholineslerase, cytochrome oxidase,lactate dehydrogenase,nitric oxide synthase,and succinate dehydrogenase in the soft tissues of Oncomelania hupensis,the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum, were analyzed before and after treatment with the active ingredient of Buddleia lindleyana(AIBL), a potent and safe plant molluscicide.Results:Treatment with AIBL induced a notable decrease in the activities of the five enzymes(P【0.01).Conclusions:The results indicate that AIBL impairs the activities of the enzymes,thereby influencing the transfer of neurotransmitter and energy supply in Oncomelania hupensis and ultimately harming their various physiological functions, which are considered to cause death of the species.

Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children's Liver Tissues

Immunoperoxidase histochemical assay with monoclonal antibody against human cytomaglovirus (HCMV) was used to detect immediate early antigen (IEA) and early antigen (EA) of HCMV infection in liver tissue of 72 podiatric cases (34 autopsies and 38 biopsies). The HCMV antigen was positive in 25 % (18/27). Among them, 12 cases were both HCMV-IEA and EA positive; 4 were HCMV-IEA positive and 2 HCMV-EA positive only. Liver HCMV infection rate in neonates, the infants with the age <1 year and >l year was 8. 0 %,60. 0 %, and 14. 8 %, respectively, indicating that liver HCMV infectioh occurred at various ages. The liver HCMV infection rate in different diseases was 50. 0 % in infantile hepatitis syndrome; 70. 0 % in extrabiliary malformation, and 12. 5 % in other hepatopathies, suggesting that infantile hepatitis syndrome and extrabiliary malformation were related with HCMV infection in liver tissues.

Arylsulfatase,β-galactosidase and lysozyme in gastric cancer cells and its relationship to invasion

Ａｒｙｌｓｕｌｆａｔａｓｅ，βｇａｌａｃｔｏｓｉｄａｓｅａｎｄｌｙｓｏｚｙｍｅｉｎｇａｓｔｒｉｃｃａｎｃｅｒｃｅｌｓａｎｄｉｔｓｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｔｏｉｎｖａｓｉｏｎＹＩＹｏｎｇＦｅｎａｎｄＨＵＡＮＧＹｏｕＲｏｎｇＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄ...

Black soldier fly and gut health in broiler chickens:insights into the relationship between cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition

Background:The relationship between diet and intestinal microbiota and mucin composition appears to be fundamental for poultry gut health.The effects of insect meal(whose role as alternative feed ingredient is now well recognized)on gut microbiota and mucin composition have recently been reported in Tenebrio molitor-fed free-range and broiler chickens,but no data are currently available for Hermetia illucens(HI)-fed broilers.The present study evaluated the effects of dietary HI meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition of broiler chickens.Results:A total of 256 male broiler chickens were allotted to 4 dietary treatments(control diet[C]and 5%,10%and 15%HI meal inclusion,with 8 replicate pens/treatment and 8 birds/pen)and slaughtered at 35 d of age(2 animals/pen,16 birds/diet).The cecal microbiota assessment by 16S rRNA amplicon based sequencing showed lower alpha diversity in HI15 chickens(Shannon,P<0.05)and higher beta diversity(Adonis and ANOSIM,P<0.001)in birds fed HI diets than C.Furthermore,HI15 birds displayed significant increase of the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum(False Discovery Rate[FDR]<0.05)when compared to HI10.L-Ruminococcus(Ruminococcus from Lachnospiraceae family),Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Clostridium genera were found to be characteristic of HI5 cecal microbiota(FDR<0.05),while broiler chickens fed HI10 and HI15 diets were characterized(FDR<0.05)by Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus(HI10)and Bacteroides,Roseburia and Helicobacter genera(HI15).Periodic-acid Schiff,Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and high iron diamine staining on small and large intestine also demonstrated lower mucin staining intensity in the intestinal villi of HI10 and HI15 birds than C(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary HI meal utilization at low inclusion levels(i.e.,5%)positively influenced either the cecal microbiota or the gut mucin dynamics in terms of selection of potentially beneficial bacteria and increase in villi mucins.However,high inclusion levels(in particular the 15%)may have a negative influence in terms of partial reduction of microbial complexity,reduction of potentially beneficial bacteria,selection of bacteria with mucolytic activity and decrease in villi mucins.

INFLUENCE OF ANTIDROM IC ELECTRIC STIM ULATI ON ONPREPROTACHYKININ m RNA EXPRESSION IN ADJACENT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA OF RATS

By in situ hybridization histochemistry, the changes of preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA expression were examined in the neurons of adjacent thoracal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a strong electric stimulation to an intact dorsal cutaneous branch and the cut distal part of left T 9 thoracal spinal nerve of rat. There was a significant increase of the number of neurons expressing PPT mRNA in the ipsilateral T 8, T 9 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to intact spinal nerve branch 24 h after the electric stimulation. The same increase was found in the ipsilateral T 8 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to the distal part of spinal nerve branch. While no change was found in the DRG of the contralateral side of these animals. The present results showed that the antidromic electric stimulation strengthened the biosynthesis of PPT mRNA in adjacent DRG. These findings suggested that there was information transmission across segments between two sensory nerve endings and some bioactive substances such as SP might play important roles in the information transmission across segments of spinal cord.

Anatomical, Histochemical and Cytogenetic Features of <i>Doryopteris triphylla</i>(Pteridaceae)

Doryopteris triphylla (Pteridaceae-Cheilanthoideae) grows in xeric habitats in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. The aim of this study was to characterize D. triphylla anatomically, histochemically and cytogenetically. For anatomical characterization, rhizomes, roots, petioles and leaves were made and then stained using Safranine-Astra Blue for further observations. Leaf blades were also cleared. For histochemical analysis, leaf cross sections were stained with different reagents to identify glandular trichomes compounds. For cytogenetic characterization, a karyogram was performed using laboratory cultivated roots. Results show a dictyostelic rhizome covered with scales with apical secreting gland;diarch roots;petiole cross-sections show thick cuticle, uniseriate epidermis, parenchymatic cortex cells with thick walls and a vascular bundle with two xylem groups;and hypostomatic fronds with glandular trichomes. Histochemical studies of secretion products of the glandular trichomes were positive for polysaccharides, pectins, lipids, acid lipids, dihydroxyphenols, phenols and flavonoids. Cytogenetically, D. triphylla is described as a diploid species (2n = 60), with chromosomes gradually decreasing in size. The apical glands in scales of rhizomes, the presence of two xylem groups in the vascular bundle in the petiole and the glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface are new contributions to the species. The type of chemical products secreted by glandular leaf trichomes and karyotype estimation is shown for the first time in this species.

Synthesis and application of rhodamine-based fluorescent probe dyes with spacer linker arm

When rhodamine-based fluorescent probe dyes are used to track target molecules they always perturb the behavior of target molecules because of steric hindrance effect. In order to minimize potential steric problems, a kind of rhodamine-based fluorescent probe dye with spacer linker arm was designed and synthesized and its application in immunofluorescence histochemistry was investigated.

Cytopathic effects and local immune responses in repeated neoadjuvant HSV-tk+ ganciclovir gene therapy for prostate cancer

Objective:Cytopathic effects and local immune response were analyzed histologically in prostatic cancer(PCa)with in situ herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase(HSV-tk)/ganciclovir(GCV)gene therapy(GT).Methods:Four high-risk PCa patients who received HSV-tk/GCV GT were investigated.After two cycles of intraprostatic injection of HSV-tk and administration of GCV,radical prostatectomy was performed.Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded sections were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.PCa with hormone therapy(HT,n=3)or without neoadjuvant therapy(NT,n=4)that were equivalent in terms of risk were also examined as reference.Immunoreactively-positive cells were counted in at least three areas in cancer tissue.Labeling indices(LI)were calculated as percentage values.Results:ssDNA LI in GT increased,indicating apoptosis,as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD68-positive macrophages,compared with their biopsies.GT cases showed significantly higher numbers of single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)LI,CD4/CD8-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages including M1/M2 macrophages than HT or NT cases.However,there was no significant difference in CD20-positive B cells among the types of case.There were strong correlations between CD8+T cells and CD68+macrophages(ρ=0.656,p<0.0001)as well as CD4+T cells and CD20+B cells(ρ=0.644,p<0.0001)in PCa with GT.Conclusions:Enhanced cytopathic effect and local immune response might be indicated in PCa patients with HSV-tk/GCV gene therapy.

Protective Effect of <i>Gingo biloba</i>Extract on Carbendazim-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

Carbendazim is a broad spectrum carbamate fungicide used in the control of various fungal pathogens. The present work studied the effect of carbendazim on the liver of albino rats and the possible protective role of Ginko biloba extract (EGB). Liver of carbendazim-treated animals showed histopathological and histochemical alterations. The histopathological changes include hepatic tissue impairment, cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes, and congestion of blood vessels, leucocytic infiltrations and fatty infiltration. Histochemical results showed reduction of carbohydrates and total proteins in hepatic tissues. Moreover, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST) were elevated in sera of carbendazim-treated animals. Coadministration of EGB with Carbendazim improved the hisological and histochemical changes observed in animals treated with carbendazim. In addition, EGB treatment leads to a significant decrease in ALT and AST. According to the present results, it is concluded that EGB can improve the hepatotoxicity of carbendazim and this effect may be attributed to antioxidant properties of Ginko biloba extract.

STUDY ON EXPRESS OF a-HCG AND a-HCGmRNA IN PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE TUMORS

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＯＦａＨＣＧＡＮＤａＨＣＧｍＲＮＡＩＮＰＡＮＣＲＥＡＴＩＣＥＮＤＯＣＲＩＮＥＴＵＭＯＲＳＹｕＪｉｙａｏ虞积耀ＣｅｓａｒｅＢｏｒｄｉＧｅｎｅｒａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌｏｆｔｈｅＮａｖｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００３７Ｃｈｉｎａ...