Surfactant-Modified Hydrophobic Biochar Derived from Laver (Porphyra haitanensis) with Superior Removal Performance for Kitchen Oil

In this study,a novel absorpent(MSAR600℃)with a hydrophobic surface and hierarchical porous structure for the removal of kitchen oil was facilely fabricated from the macroalgae,laver(Porphyra haitanensis)by incorpor-ating high-temperature carbonization and alkyl polyglucosides(APG)and rhamnolipid(RL)surfactants modifi-cation.The characterization results showed MSAR600℃ possessed a louts-leaf-like papillae microstructure with high contact angle(137.5°),abundant porous structure with high specific surface area(23.4 m^(2)/g),and various oxygen-containing functional groups(-OH,C=O,C-O).Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to inves-tigate the effect of adsorption time,temperature,pH,and absorbent dose on kitchen oil adsorption performance.Then the practical application for the removal of kitchen oil using MSAR600℃ was also performed.The results showed that MSAR600℃ had a higher removal efficiency for kitchen oil(75.98%),compared with the commercial detergent(72.3%).This study demonstrates an example of fabricating a green tableware detergent for enhanced removal performance of kitchen oil.

DNA Methylation Variation Is Identified in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Congenital Heart Diseases

Aims:Multiple genes and environmental factors are known to be involved in congenital heart disease(CHD),but epigenetic variation has received little attention.Monozygotic(MZ)twins with CHD provide a unique model for exploring this phenomenon.In order to investigate the potential role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)methyla-tion in CHD pathogenesis,the present study examined DNA methylation variation in MZ twins discordant for CHD,especially ventricular septal defect(VSD).Methods and Results:Using genome-wide DNA methylation profiles,we identified 4004 differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in 18 MZ twin pairs discordant for CHD,and 2826 genes were identified.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis revealed a list of CHD-associated pathways.To further investigate the role of DNA methylation in VSD,data from 7 pairs of MZ twins with VSD were analyzed.We identified 1614 DMRs corresponding to 1443 genes associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,cyclic guanosine monopho-sphate-protein kinase G(cGMP-PKG)signaling pathway by KEGG analysis,and cell-cell adhesion,calcium ion transmembrane transport by GO analysis.A proportion of DMR-associated genes were involved in calcium signaling pathways.The methylation changes of calcium signaling genes might be related to VSD pathogenesis.Conclusion:CHD is associated with differential DNA methylation in MZ twins.CHD may be etiologically linked to DNA methylation,and methylation of calcium signaling genes may be involved in the development of VSD.

Modified approximation and error estimation for King’s type(p,q)-BBH operators

In this paper,the King’s type modification of(p,q)-Bleimann-Butzer and Hahn operators is defined.Some results based on Korovkin’s approximation theorem for these new operators are studied.With the help of modulus of continuity and the Lipschitz type maximal functions,the rate of convergence for these new operators are obtained.It is shown that the King’s type modification have better rate of convergence,flexibility than classical(p,q)-BBH operators on some subintervals.Further,for comparisons of the operators,we presented some graphical examples and the error estimation in the form of tables through MATLAB(R2015a)

Dual-interlayers constructed by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/ionic-liquid for enhanced performance of solid garnet batteries

Li(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO) solid garnet-type electrolyte has been widely reported due to its outstanding safety and electrochemical stability.However,the inherent rigidity and brittleness of LLZTO lead to poor contact with anode/cathode and the operation failure of full cells.Herein,the dual-interlayers are constructed as the fast interfacial ion-migration channel by using Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene,Txis-O,-OH,-F) with trace ionic liquid(IL),which promote the intimate contact between LLZTO and anode/cathode and suppress Li-dendrites growth.Notably,IL can wet the cathode to promote intimate interface contact and be decomposed into some inorganic compounds(such as Li3N,LiF,and Li2Sx),resulting in reduced interfacial resistance and fast Li-ion transportation.Consequently,in the prepared Li-symmetric cell,the interfacial resistance on the anode side plunges to 33.1 Ω cm^(-2),and stably maintains over 1000 h without short circuit at 0.05 mA cm^(-2).The full cell of Li|LiFePO4delivers a high initial capacity of 158.52 mA h g^(-1)and outstanding retention of 90.18% after 100 cycles at 60℃ and 0.2 C.Our work provides an efficient strategy to design dual-interlayers between LLZTO and anode/cathode for the interfacial modification to enhance the performance of solid garnet batteries.

Propelling polysulfide redox by Fe_(3)C-FeN heterostructure@nitrogendoped carbon framework towards high-efficiency Li-S batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries hold great promise in next-generation high-energy-density energy storage systems,but the intractable shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides hinder the practical implementation of Li-S batteries.Here,heterostructured Fe_(3)C-FeN nanoparticles dotted in the threedimensional-ordered nitrogen-doped carbon framework(Fe_(3)C-FeN@NCF) were synthesized by molecular engineering combined with heterointerface engineering,and were applied to regulate the immobilization-diffusion-conversion behavior of polar polysulfides.It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the heterointerface between Fe_(3)C and FeN exhibits high sulfiphilicity and high electronic/ionic conductivity,thus effectively capturing polysulfides and accelerating the bidirectional conversion of sulfur species.Meanwhile,the holey carbon framework functions as the scaffold to highly disperse binary nanoparticles,ensuring the sufficient exposure of active sites and the easy accessibility for lithium ions and electrons.By virtue of these synergistic merits,the Li-S batteries based on Fe_(3)CFeN@NCF-modified separators afford excellent electrochemical performances including a high rate capacity of 858 mA h g^(-1)at 2 C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.07% per cycle after 800 cycles at 1C This work provides inspiration for the design of heterostructured compounds and sheds light on the potential of heterostructure in high-efficiency Li-S batteries.

Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)/Ni(OH)_(x) as an efficient and durable photoanode for the photoelectrochemical catalysis of PET plastic to formic acid

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology provides a promising prospect for the transformation of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) plastic wastes to produce value-added chemicals.The PEC catalytic systems with high activity,selectivity and long-term durability are required for the future up-scaling industrial applications.Herein,we employed the interfacial modification strategy to develop an efficient and stable photoanode and evaluated its PEC activity for ethylene glycol(EG,derived from PET hydrolysate) oxidation to formic acid.The interfacial modification between Fe_(2)O_(3)semiconductor and Ni(OH)xcocatalyst with ultrathin TiO_(x) interlayer not only improved the photocurrent density by accelerating the kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers,but also kept the high Faradaic efficiency(over 95% in 30 h) towards the value-added formic acid product.This work proposes an effective method to promote the PEC activity and enhance the long-term stability of photoelectrodes for upcycling PET plastic wastes.

Electro-chemo-mechanical design of polymer matrix in composited LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode endows solid-state batteries with superior performance

Nickel-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811) cathode material has been widely concerned due to its high voltage,high specific capacity and excellent rate performance,which is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density solid-state lithium batteries.However,serious electro-chemo-mechanical degradation of Nickel-rich cathode during cycling,especially at a high voltage(over 4.5 V),constrains their large-scale application.Here,using the multiphysical simulation,highly-conductive polymer matrix with spontaneous stress-buffering effect was uncovered theoretically for reinforcing the electrochemical performance of composited NCM81 1 cathode through the visualization of uniform concentration distribution of Li-ion coupled with improved stress field inside NCM811 cathode.Thereupon,polyacrylonitrile(PAN) and soft polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) were selected as the polymer matrix to fabricate the composited NCM811 cathode(PVDFPAN@NCM811) for improving the electrochemical performance of the solid-state NMC811|Li full cells,which can maintain high capacity over 146.2 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at a high voltage of 4.5 V.Suggestively,designing a multifunctional polymer matrix with high ionic conductivity and mechanical property can buffer the stress and maintain the integrity of the structure,which can be regarded as the door-opening avenue to realize the high electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode for solidstate batteries.

Monitoring the binding of metal cations and histones to DNA in real time using fluorescence assays

The binding of cations (Na +,K +,Mg 2+,Ca 2+,Mn 2+) and histones to DNA can be studied using fluorescence assays.Here,we measured the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence anisotropy of DNA and DNA-histone complexes in the presence of cations.We demonstrate that when different cations are added into a DNA solution,the fluorescence intensities of the stained DNA are reduced by different amounts.Compared with divalent cations,monovalent cations had a weaker effect on fluorescence intensity and fluorescence anisotropy.Divalent (Mn 2+,Mg 2+,Ca 2+) cations markedly enhanced the fluorescence anisotropy of DNA.The binding modes of monovalent and divalent cations to DNA may be different.Divalent cations can change the structure of DNA molecules,or promote the assembly of DNA strands.The addition of histones causes DNA condensation,which mostly occurs during the first few seconds.Cation binding to DNA is abrupt,and is much faster than that of histones.

PTFE改性研究进展

概述了聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的优缺点,分析了表面改性、共混改性和填充改性等三种方法对PTFE力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。表面改性可改善难粘接问题,但设备昂贵;共混改性简单无污染,但限制了无机填料的加入从而导致改性效果有限;填充改性操作简单,且多种填料的加入可在很大程度上满足工程实际应用,可提高材料的整体性能。最后,结合近年来的研究成果及研究过程中存在的问题对PTFE复合材料的改性研究方向进行了展望。

胰腺癌中表观遗传修饰研究进展

胰腺癌的形成受遗传学和表观遗传修饰的影响.基因突变或缺失(遗传学)参与肿瘤的形成,DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和RNA干扰等(表观遗传修饰)调节基因表达.随着基因组筛选技术的发展,胰液中DNA甲基化定量检测是诊断胰腺癌的潜在工具,以DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化为基础的表观遗传学是胰腺癌治疗领域中的新靶点.本文对胰腺癌发生发展过程中出现的表遗传修饰异常,以及其生物学和临床意义前景作一介绍.

肝癌的表观遗传学研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC),是原发性肝癌的主要形式。肝癌的发病机制尚未完全阐明,但伴随现代生物技术的快速发展,人们认识到肝癌的发生是由遗传学和表观遗传学的共同改变所致。表观遗传学是研究非基因序列改变所导致基因或者蛋白表达的变化,且这种变化是可逆的、可遗传的。本文就近年来表观遗传学在DNA甲基化、非编码RNA调控、组蛋白修饰等方面的改变与肝癌的相关研究进展作一综述,为研究肝癌的早期诊断、治疗、预后提供新的策略。

环氧化天然橡胶/纤维素纳米晶共混改性聚乳酸

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚乳酸/纤维素纳米晶(PLA/CNC)和聚乳酸/环氧化天然橡胶/纤维素纳米晶(PLA/ENR/CNC)共混物。采用扫描电子显微镜表征了共混物的断面形貌,发现PLA/ENR/CNC共混物中ENR和CNC各自以微球和团聚体微粒独立分散于PLA基体相中。拉伸测试结果表明,PLA/ENR/CNC共混物的拉伸弹性模量和拉伸强度降低,但断裂伸长率显著提高,PLA/ENR/CNC(1%)共混物的断裂伸长率达到最大为32.6%。冲击测试结果表明,ENR的引入使共混物的缺口冲击强度显著提高,PLA/ENR/CNC(1%)共混物的缺口冲击强度达到最高为9.4 kJ/m^2。CNC的引入使PLA的结晶温度降低,ENR的引入使PLA的结晶温度提高。PLA/CNC共混物的热稳定性高于纯PLA,而ENR的引入使PLA/ENR共混物的初始分解温度降低,终止分解温度升高。

γ辐射对PE-LLD/EVAC/Mg（OH）2/MRP复合材料性能的影响

以线型低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)为基体树脂,氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]和微胶囊化红磷(MRP)为阻燃剂,通过熔融挤出法制备PE-LLD/EVAC/Mg(OH)2/MRP复合材料;利用60Co-γ射线对其进行辐射改性,并研究辐射剂量对材料力学性能、耐热性能、耐热老化性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当辐射剂量不高于40 kGy时,复合材料的拉伸强度、凝胶含量、热变形温度均随辐射剂量的增加而提高;当辐照敏化剂三烯丙基异腈酸酯质量分数为2%,辐射剂量为40 kGy时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到了15.9 MPa,断裂伸长率为240%,热变形温度提高至135℃,极限氧指数为34%,耐热老化性能得到明显改性,能够满足国家标准GB/T 12528-2008的相关要求,并达到耐温125℃等级。

日本企业的董事会改革

董事会是股份公司治理结构的核心部分。本文通过对日本企业董事会现状的分析,揭示出相对于欧美企业,日本的董事会具有人数多、内部董事比例高且同质化、决策职能、执行职能和监督职能没有分开等特点,其结果是董事会在公司治理中事实上已蜕变成仅是应商法要求而存在的机构。为改变这种状况,日本现正从修改商法入手对董事会进行变革。

环氧树脂的耐热性研究进展

主要介绍了我国关于环氧树脂(EP)耐热改性方面的研究进展。讨论了影响环氧树脂耐高温的影响因素,通过不同的物质改性引入耐高温基团,使环氧树脂分子链结构发生改变,从而提高环氧树脂的耐热性能并对近年来的研究成果进行了总结展望。

PLA的增韧改性最新研究进展

PLA因具有良好的生物降解性、生物可吸收性和生物相容性,在食品包装和农业等领域有广泛应用,但因其有性脆、玻璃化转变温度较高、柔韧性差等缺点,需对其进行增韧改性以提高其整体性能。本文综述了PLA通过复合、增塑、共混、共聚、表面改性或交联等改性方法增加其柔韧性的国内外最新研究进展。

原子光谱仪电路静态稳定性理论探讨与改进

对WYX401 原子吸收光谱系统电路静态稳定性作了定性理论分析,在探讨理论与电路关系上作了电路改进,提高了仪器稳定性和灵敏度,漂移由原来的0.005 A,降到0 .002 A,被测物灵敏度增加0.5 个数量级.

NH4HCO3水热改性对氧化铝载体结构与性质的影响

以NH4HCO3为原料,对含有微米级孔道γ-Al2O3载体进行水热改性处理,并应用XRD、IR、SEM、N2吸附-脱附、Py-FTIR等方法表征NH4HCO3水热改性对γ-Al2O3载体结构与性质的影响。实验结果表明,水热改性过程中,部分氧化铝发生晶相转变,形成微米级棒状NH4Al(OH)2CO3,并交织生长在氧化铝载体表面及微米级孔道中,焙烧时生成的NH4Al(OH)2CO3再次转变为γ-Al2O3。经NH4HCO3水热改性后γ-Al2O3载体的比表面积、孔体积略有降低,而1~2μm左右的孔道含量明显增加,载体表面总酸量、弱酸及中强酸含量降低,(111)晶面六配位铝离子表面羟基(HO-μ2-AlⅥ)相对含量降低,(100)晶面六配位铝离子表面羟基(HO-μ3-AlⅥ)相对含量增加。

次氯酸钠用量对高强度淀粉胶粘剂性能的影响

本研究在室温条件下,以玉米淀粉为原料,以次氯酸钠为氧化剂,制备氧化淀粉粘合剂。通过测定粘合剂粘度、初粘力、剥离强度、干燥时间,分析配方中氧化剂次氯酸钠用量对粘合剂性能的影响,寻求最佳次氯酸钠用量以达到较好的性能。粘度是氧化淀粉胶粘剂的主要性能指标,它直接影响纸板的生产质量,而影响粘度的因素主要有氧化剂用量、氧化时间、固含量、氢氧化钠用量、氧化温度等。制备氧化淀粉胶粘剂比较适宜的条件为:氧化剂用量(以淀粉重量%计)20%,在此条件下,固体含量达到16.75%;初粘力达到最大,拉毛面积为99%。

PEEK导热性能研究进展

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)较低的导热性能限制了其进一步的推广应用,为此综述了近年来 PEEK 导热性能的研究进展,重点介绍了几种常用填料对 PEEK 导热性能的影响。最后探讨了 PEEK 导热改性领域目前存在的问题,分析和总结了进一步改善 PEEK 导热性能的方法,指出发掘新的填料表面改性技术和研究不同性质填料之间的复配规律是未来研究的发展方向。