Between Tangibility and Intangibility——A Review on Conservation Planning and Its Implementation in the Historical City of NanJing

The conservation plan for the famous historical and cultural city of Nanjing was prepared since several yearsago.The plan,being an integral component to enrich comprehensive planning of the city,has been workingeffectively through the planning structure to direct the development of Nanjing.However,upon further analysis,au-thors of this article feel that this plan still has its own deficiences and drawbacks in exploring indepth the city’scultural origin,in selecting the essentials while discarding the dross and in blazing new trails based on the rich legacyof the past.These aspects need to be further investigated and to illustrate these points,two scenic belts are proposedto be included into the conservation plan.

Conservation Planning of Plant Diversity in Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna

General situation of Jinghong City was introduced in this study.Based on analyzing its vegetation components,species diversity,rare and endangered species,alien species,plant resources,7 biodiversity conservation contents were planned,including focusing on the construction and management of nature reserves,constructing forest park and developing science popularization engineering,establishing the area of banning hunting(picking) wild species and connection corridors,constructing wild elephant park into a zoo,promoting the role of urban parks in protecting biodiversity,devoting more in protecting rare and endangered species,preventing the danger of invasive species.4 countermeasures for applying biodiversity in urban green spaces were proposed,specifically,creating urban garden plant community by simulating natural ones to form urban plant ecosystem,determining species cardinal of urban garden plants to protect and develop species diversity,applying both local and alien plants to create diversified landscapes,introducing,domesticating or culturing new garden plants to enrich the diversity of garden plants.Also 3 countermeasures for protecting biodiversity in urban green spaces were put forward,that is,joint development of rural economy and biodiversity protection around cities,protecting species and comprehensively renovating habitats,fully utilizing ex-situ conservation to protect biodiversity.

Signs of Urban Identity in the Cities of Terra d’Otranto:A Contribution to Historical Research and Issues about Conservation Practices

The cities of Terra d’Otranto own a stratified architectural heritage,strongly connected with the local rural resources.From 15th to 19th century important phases of urban development contributed to creating an incisive characterization of many small cities holding precious cultural traces,appreciable in the specific use of construction materials and in the peculiar image of the historic city landscapes.Steeples and church pediments can be identified as signs of urban identity,alongside monumental walls,city gates,fortified buildings and other explicit representations of religious and secular authority.Moreover squares,courtyards and surroundings of undeniable cultural interest form a typical environmental heritage that the communities have enriched with many tangible and intangible values.In regard to the vulnerability of the building heritage,considerations on the broad scope of conservation are more important than ever,especially in relation to the required implementation of knowledge through scientific research and more attentive restoration practices on the architectural heritage of the historic cities.Ultimately,an in-depth study of the urban palimpsest is necessary for the proper identification of the features to safeguard,considering the risk of losing important testimonies for the collective memory.

Discrimination on the Concept of Historic City in China

In 1982,the State Council announced a list of historic cities in China,aiming to set up a conservation measure to conserve the cultural heritages from the perspective of a city.The historic city is a concept in relation to urban administrative governance.Its conservation scope and specific contents should be defined in conservation planning.Since the conservation planning of historic city is a part of the city master planning,its planning area should be the same as that in the master planning,with focus on the central urban area.The conservation planning of a historic city should define its objects in view of the interconnection between city history and culture and thus specify its conservation scope and contents accordingly.

Pedestrian street and its effect on economic sustainability of a historical Middle Eastern city:The case of Chaharbagh Abbasi in Isfahan,Iran

Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of cities in developing countries still need further investigation.Additionally,the impact of this strategy on the tenant mix of com-mercial and historical areas in Middle East countries is nebulous.To address these inadequacies,we considered Chaharbagh Abbasi street,located in the heart of Isfahan,Iran,and investigated the impact of a pedestrianization project with particular emphasis on how it affects the economic sustainability of existent commercial fabric.Pre-and post-project data along with field observations and quantifications used to assess structural replacements in trade,were analyzed with SPSS and ArcGIS software.The results revealed unexpected outcomes,such as the closure of some traditional businesses(27.5%),a stagnation in sales(69%)and a decrease in job offers(84%)leading the local economy to a fragile situation.Conversely,it was found that the footfall volume increased by 64% and 73% from the retailers’and pedestrians’viewpoints.This evolution along with a wide opening of food and beverage stores(approximately 60%)makes the post-pedestrianization results more promising than earlier predictions.In conclusion,these findings reinforce the importance of pedestrian streets in revitalizing economic activities in historical and commercial areas from the perspective of economic sustainability.Due to the lack of similar investigations in Middle East countries,these findings can support decision-makers and urban planners to take preventive measures in preserving the diversity of individual small shops for upcoming urban rehabilitation projects in terms of pedestrianization.

Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou:towards conservation integrated urban planning,1950s–1990s

From the 1950s to the 1990s,China underwent a significant transformation of its political system and economy,from socialism to rapid development after the reform and opening up.In the 1980s and 1990s,to meet the demand for housing and urban modernization under the rapid growth of cities,almost all Chinese cities underwent large-scale urban construction,transformation and expansion.With this background of rapid advancement,many cities have lost their traditional urban features and characteristics.However,it was during this period that Hangzhou not only restored the historical scenery of West Lake through multiple projects but also explored overall planning of the city and introduced conservation ideas,making West Lake,which was originally located outside the city,part of the city.This period also shaped the contemporary urban characteristics of Hangzhou with traditional landscape features.To explore Hangzhou’s positive experience and determine the critical junctures and influencing factors,this study observed the entire historical process using morphological methods.Based on a summary of the characteristics of each development stage,this study further focuses on the key issue of how conservation ideas are gradually introduced into urban planning and affect the development process.

人居视角下历史城区公共设施空间保护与更新研究

历史城区具有遗产性和生活性的双重属性,随着“遗产旅游”的兴起和人居环境的老化,历史城区面临生活功能减退的问题,这对遗产的真实性和完整性构成挑战.文章基于“人居视角”,强调历史城区作为遗产社区回归生活性的重要性,强调应关注与居民生活密切相关的公共设施空间,探索更可持续和韧性的历史城区保护与更新方法.以平遥古城教育设施空间作为实证进行研究,文章分析平遥古城不同历史时期公共设施空间的演变特征,探索了人群和教育空间关系的演变动力机制,并提出了针对平遥古城公共设施空间的更新策略,旨在实现历史城区的活态保护和可持续发展.

旧城保护更新中的历史城区保护策略研究

改革开放后,我国城镇化建设不断提速,大范围的旧城拆改成为城市建设的典型表现,这对城市历史遗迹造成了一定程度的破坏。随着对历史城区和文化遗产保护的重视,本文结合旧城更新与历史城区的基本理论,以广西壮族自治区北海市为例,分析该市旧城保护更新中的历史城区保护现状,提出历史城区保护与整治策略,以期实现既妥善安置城市历史文化资源,又充分挖掘其历史文化价值。

价值引领新时代历史文化街区保护与更新——以北京都城历史文化价值引领东四街区保护更新

党的二十大以来,以价值为导向的城乡历史文化保护传承体系正在逐步形成。历史文化街区作为活态遗产,是城乡历史文化保护传承体系的重要组成,也是历史文化保护传承的重点与难点。在此背景下,亟需探索价值引领街区保护与更新的新思路、新方法。以北京市东四三条至八条历史文化街区为例,对相关实践进行总结归纳,提出价值引领的街区保护更新总体思路,并系统分析价值引领的街区保护规划编制方法。在纵向上,东四街区保护规划实现上下衔接的“价值传导”,立足街区内各类价值载体特征,承接北京历史文化遗产保护传承价值体系,提炼和阐释街区核心价值。在横向上,建立“核心价值—保护管控—更新引导”的衔接关系,从核心价值出发,对街区提出保护管控措施与更新引导策略。本研究为新时代街区保护更新实践提供参考与借鉴。

基于城市历史景观的独库公路多元价值保护与韧性管理模式研究

独库公路文化景观廊道,作为天山中段国家公园潜力区的核心纽带,具有不可估量的自然—文化遗产保护价值,也是解决跨区域性核心区与缓冲区之间文化断裂问题的关键。城市历史景观是强调对于区域环境活态性、整体性、再生性的遗产管理范式,旨在促进发展中寻求保护的双重目标。线性遗产空间的复合属性正是韧性保护的核心要点,以独库公路遗产廊道为研究对象,基于沿线资源现状问题,对独库公路全段的景观特征认知及遗产要素进行定位识别,分段关联性分析不同时期演变层积出的文化多样性发展过程;从宏观格局到中观形态再到微观场域进行分级保护管理,通过联动路域的遗产地、自然保护地、特色景观节点、停车点等重要历史文化遗产,构建线性遗产空间网络,以便坚实城市历史景观方法的应用与落位;最后,以独库自然—文化遗产基因库的建设实践为基础,将遗产廊道的全要素价值载体分级厘清,利用“生态韧性—文化韧性—管理韧性—消费韧性”的动态管理策略,实现活化利用交旅基底、盘活区域文旅资源、赋能沿线产旅路径的多元协同保护模式。研究成果以期推进独库文化遗产系统性保护与韧性发展,并为同类研究提供借鉴。

面向历史风貌的中心城区精细化城市管控策略研究——以墨尔本中心城区为例

在历史城区风貌保护中,我国存在城区特色风貌指引不明、管控要素划分不够细致、元素之间缺乏整体统筹等问题,需要构建精细化城市管控体系来维护历史风貌、增强城市吸引力。文章从墨尔本维护历史城区特色风貌的精细化城市管控策略入手,深入分析其在历史城区风貌保持、建设开发强度管控、特色空间人性化提升和户外广告风格约束等4个层面的策略。在此基础上,结合我国历史城区保护现状,从层级体系建设、特色风貌指引、要素控制协调、管理语言传导、多方团队协作等方面归纳墨尔本精细化城市管控的思路和经验,并对我国精细化城市管控转型提出建议。

梁思成古城整体保护思想溯源

文章以梁思成的学术生涯为序,在近代建筑学与城市规划学的国际语境中认识其古城整体保护思想,并追溯其思想渊源。梁思成的古城整体保护思想是以中国古代建筑和城市规划研究为基础,以古城整体价值为核心,立足城市疏散的基本立场而形成的:在学院派教育的影响下,梁思成确立了造型艺术视角下的古建筑价值认知;随着建筑史研究的深化和现代城市规划理论的启发,梁思成的研究视野从建筑向城市延伸;赴美考察以后,通过整合此前的学术积累和现代城市规划理论,梁思成提出了古城体形秩序的历史艺术价值和规划价值;基于此,梁思成吸收田园城市、邻里单位(neighborhood unit)和分区规划的思想,提出了疏散规划的古城整体保护方法。

Retrospection on China's Legislation for Historic and Cultural City Conservation

The article reviews the evolution of China's legislation for the conservation of Historic and Cultural Cities(HCCs),summarizes China's existing laws and regulations of both national and local levels on the conservation of historic and cultural cities,discusses the disadvantages of China's current legal system for the conservation planning and offers some suggestions on how to satisfy the requirements of integrated conservation the historical environment of historic and cultural cities,as well as completing the legal system for urban and rural planning.

从《威尼斯宪章》-《奈良真实性文件》到当代问题

本文探讨了《威尼斯宪章》的诞生背景及其核心理念:一是避免重建,二是将保护范围扩展至历史地段。此举体现了对这些地段自身承载价值的重视,超越了仅作为古迹背景的局限性考量。其中,首项原则根植于传统真实性保护的辩论内容,而第二项原则则开创性地为建筑遗产的多元价值评估与潜力挖掘提供了新的视角。关于遗产真实性的辩论在奈良真实性会议达到了前所未有的高度。会议倡导了一种多元化的方法,旨在有效应对遗产保护中不断涌现的多维度挑战。这不仅响应了当代社会的迫切需求,更展现出对未来挑战的适应性与前瞻性。

陈占祥先生历史城市保护思想与实践研究

陈占祥先生是我国著名城市规划专家和历史城市保护的先驱之一,文章对陈占祥先生的学术著述、自传、访谈和规划实践进行系统梳理,以考察其历史城市保护思想的发展和实践历程。在英国求学期间,陈占祥先生开始形成中国传统城市的价值认知和保护观念,区域规划理念开始确立;中华人民共和国成立初期,他与梁思成先生合作完成的“梁陈方案”标志着我国历史城市整体保护思想的正式形成;改革开放以后,他进一步探索区域规划、城市设计、建筑设计的理念和方法,为多座历史城市的规划和保护做出了切实贡献。陈占祥先生的历史城市保护思想和实践跨越了区域、城市、建筑等各个尺度,强调历史城市的整体性,在我国历史城市整体保护的形成和发展历程中起到了重要作用。

新时代武汉历史文化名城保护规划的创新探索

加强城乡建设中的历史文化遗产保护、利用和传承是新时代的国家战略。在国家对历史文化保护传承工作提出新要求和国土空间规划体系改革的双重背景下,历史文化名城保护规划从编制、管理到实施、监督的全过程都有待新的探索与实践。武汉市结合国土空间规划的编制,开展了新一轮也是历史上首次单独编制、单独报批的历史文化名城保护规划编制工作,在分析过去历次规划的演进历程和当前名城保护工作面临的主要问题的基础上,研究探索新时代背景下名城保护规划的创新,并与时俱进地提出了五个方面的规划策略。坚定价值导向,重新认知武汉在中华文明和国家视野中的核心价值;拓宽保护视野,构建全域、全要素的城乡历史文化保护传承体系;强调科学管控,制定分层分级、刚弹结合的保护发展策略;坚持以人为本,推进历史风貌保护与城市更新有机融合,探索历史保护与资源利用并重的实施路径;加强实施保障,探索承上启下、编管结合的名城保护规划新模式。

历史文化名城保护思想溯源:1964-1982北京历史城市保护思想史略

1964年至1982年间我国历史城市保护思想的发展为1982年历史文化名城的提出提供了背景和基础。本研究以北京为例,梳理了社会各界对于北京旧城的认识及其演进,并结合相关理论和实践,分析名城制度建立的社会文化背景和思想渊源。1960年代中期,改变旧城的破败和落后面貌是城市规划和建设工作的主要目标,但由于资金不足,改建工作无法大规模开展;“文革”期间,随着旧城的大量破坏、文化领域的观念转变以及跨学科的理论发展,旧城认知发生了转变;改革开放以后,在历史城市和街区的规划实践中,加强旧城保护的呼声逐渐占据上风。实践和理论的发展以及历史文化观念的转变共同促成了历史文化名城制度的建立。

建筑限高政策对古城保护与城市发展的影响研究——以苏州市为例

本研究旨在探讨建筑限高政策在古城保护与城市发展中的作用与影响,以苏州市为例进行深入分析。苏州市作为中国著名的历史文化名城,其古城区的建筑限高政策不仅体现了对古城风貌的严格保护,也对城市整体发展产生了深远影响。本研究从古城保护、交通系统、经济发展、城市风貌等多个维度,探讨苏州市古城区建筑限高政策的优势与潜在挑战,并提出完善公共交通系统、提升古城配套设施、寻求文化遗产保护与利用的平衡及开发水上交通等应对策略,旨在平衡古城保护与城市发展需求,推动苏州市的可持续发展。

Public policies and conservation plans of historic urban landscapes under the sustainable heritage tourism milieu: discussions on the equilibrium model on Kulangsu Island, UNESCO World Heritage site

Purpose The tensions and threats in historic urban landscapes brought about by heritage tourism are still regional,global,general,and dynamic issues.For Kulangsu,there is an obvious problem in the connection between the current conservation plan and public policy.To a large extent,public policy cannot effectively,specifically,and flexibly respond to the dynamic problems in the implementation of the conservation plan,which seems insufficient concerning the effect of these conservation plans and public policies on promoting the adaptive reuse and sustainable tourism of the historic urban in Kulangsu heritage sites.Thus,giving more consideration to the combination of public policies and conservation plans of historic urban landscapes under the heritage tourism milieu,ensuring a balanced,sustainable,and integrated development pattern still calls for new discussions in achieving good performance of sustainable heritage tourism.This study conceptually discusses the equilibrium model of historic urban landscapes with a range of strategies under a sustainable heritage tourism background and responds to the synthetic contradiction of the imbalances among public policy,conservation plans,and development practices.Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a range of prepared desktop studies(public policy studies,conservation plans),field surveys,participant observations,and randomised interviews to respond to the insufficiency of the current heritagepractices.Findings This study discusses the equilibrium model of sustainable heritage tourism at heritage sites.It takes Kulangsu Island,a UNESCO World Heritage site in Southeast China,as an example to discuss the equilibrium model,which encompasses a convergent parallel framework and three dimensions concerning heritage management and policymaking.The equilibrium model of historic urban landscapes is a dynamic framework that integrates social,economic,environmental,and cultural concerns into a holistic collaborative framework under a sustainable heritage tourism background.Originality/value In line with the requirements of the Historic Urban Landscape(HUL)approach and general principles in support of sustainable urban heritage management promoted by UNESCO and ICOMOS,the study points out the peculiarities and potential of the equilibrium mode in solving the current challenges of historic urban landscapes for sustainable heritage tourism.Finding ways of linking policymaking,conservation,development,heritage tourism,and different interest groups to a holistic framework can stimulate effective means and management mechanisms for the complicated and changeable issues of sustainable heritage tourism.

西安市典型区域城市生境制图与自然保护规划研究

城市自然保护已成为城市生态建设的重要内容。城市自然保护有赖于相关数据采集、评价方法的建立和规划途径的支持。本文结合西安市典型区域,运用RS和G IS技术,探讨了城市生境制图的一般方法与程序,主要工作包括以下方面的:城市生境分类体系的建立;城市生境制图及数据库的建立;城市生境保护价值评价;城市生境链的规划。主要结论:①城市生境制图是一种多学科结合的综合性研究,为城市生态建设提供了新的数据源;②通过生境单元综合评价,有价值的生境单元及空间格局可被识别出来;③基于生境制图及评价的生境链规划为城市自然保护提供了一条极富操作性的途径。