Research Progress of Water Environment Protection in Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages

This study reviews research papers on the protection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,summarizes present research tendencies from the perspectives of definition,classification and selection of water environment in historical and cultural towns and villages,influence of water environment on these towns and villages,proposes suggestions for improvement,and concludes characteristics and deficiencies of these researches,in order to provide references for future water environment protection in similar sites.

The Research on Protection of Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages in China

After the discussion of the protection process and significance for historical and cultural towns and villages and the introduction of survey and theoretical researches on them,five modes had been divided for the protection of historical and cultural towns and villages in China,which were original appearance protection,renovated utilization protection,removal protection,antique imitation development and real estate development.It had pointed out problems existing in historical and cultural villages' protection,which were that policies and regulations were incomplete and protective measures were laggard;leaders decided blindly and neglected experts' opinions;immediate interest had been highlighted and sustainable development been overlooked,capitals were lacked and management was disordered,and the publicity was insufficient and the masses had no high protection consciousness.On this basis,it had discussed the protection of historical and cultural towns and villages in the future,emphasized the completion of regulatory system and management mechanism,enhance capital investment and publicity education,and deeply explore material cultural heritages and non-material cultural heritages in historical and cultural villages,finally further studying the theories and cases.

Digital Preservation:A New Approach to Protecting Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages

Digital technology has penetrated all aspects of modern life and is pushing society forward by profoundly changing the way people live and think.It can not only eternalize cultural heritage,but also allow relevant knowledge to be spread more quickly and effectively.China is home to a diverse array of historical and cultural towns and villages,which are an important cultural heritage.Digital preservation means leveraging technologies such as mapping,remote sensing,computers,3 D imaging,virtual reality,plus physical and chemical techniques to collect data to monitor,record,restore,and rebuild with the goal of preserving both their physical shapes and cultural legacies.

Value Analysis and Protective Planning of Famous Historical and Cultural Villages: A Case Study of Ancient Sangyuan Village in Jishui County, Jiangxi Province

Through analyzing historical value of patriarchal society, village layout, and characteristic folk dwel ings in Ancient Sangyuan Village, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, this paper proposed the protective planning based on the gist of protecting villagers' benefits, applied classified protection of buildings, enhanced water protection and landscape design, and tried to carry out its intangible cultures via folk custom activities, in order to further develop the value of its historical and cultural resources.

Exploration in Beautiful Village Construction from the Perspective of Cultural Inheritance——A Case Study of Xuwan Town

Culture is an integral of historical deposits and considered cradle of eco- civilization. Culture is China＇s spiritual handholds. In building beautiful villages, envi- ronment, public service facilities and infrastructure are so important. But the re- search stressed cultural inheritance ad spiritual civilization to make sure village beauty outside and inside. The aim is to explore cultural inheritance models in ec- onomy, living and eco-tourism, with a case study of Xuwan town.

Research on Protection Methods of Historic and Cultural Villages in Zhejiang Province

By the investigation of a few historical and cultural villages in Zhejiang Province,some problems during the process of protecting these villages were found,like similar construction pattern,coarse quality of construction,etc. which caused that villages were losing their characters. For this situation,the protection method of historical cultural villages was put forward,which was that to connect excavating character of different village with maintaining spatial fabrics of historical villages,and that different classes of building should have corresponding protection approach. Some advices were proposed for repairing and promoting historic and cultural elements,natural environment,and constructing infrastructure in the village,which will provide a reference for the construction of other historical and cultural villages.

Cultural Route of Ancient Villages and Towns in Zhuozhang River Valley

Shanxi Zhuozhang River Basin has a long history of human habitation,which is one of important cradles of Central-Plains civilization.It has a distinctive valley landscape and holds the glorious Shangdang culture through the Fukou pathway of the ancient 8 valley pathways in Taihang,one of the main activities of Shanxi Lu Trader,and the old revolutionary base areas of Chinese Communist Party.Within the study area,the common factors infl uencing the ancient villages and towns space characteristics were systematically revealed from fi ve aspects of valley landscape environment,Lu Trader development lines,Buddhism propagation path,regional folklore and military activity site.By exploring the uniqueness and similarity,this study analyzed the spatial pattern of ancient villages and towns in the Zhuozhang River Basin and the infl uence of natural,social and historical factors.The feasibility of constructing cultural route in the Zhuozhang River Basin was demonstrated.

The Transformation and Governance of Urban Villages with Historic Culture:A Case Study of Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province

The transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture is faced with difficulties such as lack of attention and large-scale demolition and construction,which is not conducive to the continuation of urban characteristic culture.Taking Xiaxifang,Yongfeng County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province for example,this study explored the transformation and governance of urban villages with historic culture from the perspectives of spatial structure,urban function,infrastructure,ecological environment,and community governance,so as to provide a reference for the research and practice of urban villages with historic culture.

Implications for Cultural Landscape in a Chinese Context: Geo-analysis of Spatial Distribution of Historic Sites

The protection of historic sites, especially their relationship with urban development, has become a worldwide issue, both in developed and developing countries. In the context of rapid urbanization in China, the realistic compatibility between urban construction and the protection of historic sites is always a key research topic. In this study, first, to comprehend their spatial distribution patterns, 828 historic sites throughout the country are selected based on certain criteria. Then, we conduct quantitative research using GIS software, adopting indicators that include Nearest Neighbor Index, Gini Coefficient, and Geographic Concentration Index to analyze the spatial characteristics of historic sites on the three levels of city, province and nation. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the different types of historic sites is an agglomeration on the nationwide scale, most of which is located in the regions of the Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta, Yangtze(Changjiang) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin Region. Because the majority of historic sites are located within approximately 10 km of the downtown area, a certain pattern has emerged, showing that the larger cities own more historic areas, which are in a more incomplete state of preservation, indicating the fragmentation of heritage spaces. The formation mechanism of the historic sites' distribution pattern is based on the conditions of the cities/towns as well as the bid-rent theory.

Exploration of the “Living” Protection of Historic Blocks in South of the Yangtze River——A Case Study of Ancient Shajiabang Town, Changshu City

Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks should attach more importance to maintaining original lifestyles and community customs, protecting intangible contents and cultural diversity. The authors proposed that protection of historic blocks should follow the principle of "putting protection and repair on the top priority, using reasonably" and stress the "living" protection. There are three patterns of "living" protection, specifically, joint participation of local residents, construction of education base, moderate tourism development. Vitality of local economy can be enhanced and social humanistic environment protected effectively by improving the locals' living environment, so as to show true care for the people living in the historic block, and bring historic blocks to the real life.

历史文化村镇数字化保护与应用

数字技术越来越广泛应用于文化遗产的保护与发展,为历史文化村镇的保护与利用提供了新途径。针对历史文化村镇创新性保护和发展的新需求,本文将数字技术赋能于历史文化村镇的保护与开发,阐释了历史文化村镇数字化保护的基本概念,构建历史文化村镇数字化保护的理论体系,全面总结了历史文化村镇的数字化方法和数字化内容在多领域的具体应用。具体而言:景观基因信息、景观基因图谱和地图符号等为历史文化村镇的数字化保护与应用提供了强有力的理论支撑;通过多样的数字技术可以对历史文化村镇信息进行全方位记录和永久性保存,并对采集和记录的信息进行数字化展示与传播;在历史文化村镇数字化应用上,其数字化内容能够为城乡规划和智慧管理提供有效指导,与多元产业融合实现产业化拓展和延伸。总之,数字技术为历史文化村镇的文化保护和传承提供了无限的活力与动力,需要持续推进历史文化村镇的数字化转型,丰富中国乡村地理数字化的理论研究。

市镇型历史文化街区价值特征及保护策略研究

市镇型历史文化街区是传统市镇被现代城市吞并后形成的特殊形态的城市文化遗产。它们既保留着整体性的传统市镇空间结构,又呈现了层层积淀的城市遗产空间形态,具有街区类型的特殊性。文章立足市镇型历史文化街区的价值内涵和整体性遗产特征,探究其时空发展规律及保护问题的发生逻辑,并从市镇空间赓续、街区空间更新、街城空间融合3个方面,提出市镇型历史文化街区的保护策略和方法,以期为此类街区的保护传承提供借鉴。

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落文化景观基因识别指标体系构建

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落孕育了丰富独特的文化景观,建立识别指标体系对其文化景观基因进行挖掘整理,对在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略背景下赓续传统文化具有重要意义。结合景观基因理论的研究成果和对国家有关政策法规文件的剖析,在历史景观视角下对黄河流域(山东段)的村镇聚落开展深入的文化景观田野调查、典籍研究等,提出具有针对性的文化景观基因识别指标体系构建逻辑,通过“识别对象—识别因子—识别指标”解析出13项识别因子、40项识别指标,为黄河流域村镇聚落文化景观识别全覆盖提供新的思路与方法。

山地历史镇村消防规划的适应性方法研究——以重庆中山古镇为例

消防安全是安全工作的重要组成部分,也是城乡高质量发展的重要前提。山地历史镇村因其复杂的地形环境、不便的对外交通、滞后的经济发展,相较平原地区,面临着更大的火灾风险。研究聚焦山地历史镇村消防面临的难点与现有研究的不足,引入规划适应性理论,按照“从动—适动—能动”的适应性思维,提出了构建精准的防火分区体系、配置多层级立体的消防设施系统、构建平灾结合的消防通道网络、采取灵活的建筑耐火措施等的消防规划路径与方法。其中,在防火分区方面,形成“全面开展火灾风险评估—精准划分防火分区—有效设置隔离空间”的规划技术方法;在消防设施方面,利用山地地势高差、水源充足等特点,构建多层级、立体化的消防设施系统;在消防通道方面,设立基本消防通道—可转换消防通道—可拓展消防通道的三级通道系统;在建筑防火方面,提出构建建筑防火综合评价体系、加强传统建筑内部的电气线路规范化等举措。基于上述方法,以重庆中山古镇为案例,开展了具体的火灾后消防规划实证,可以为山地历史镇村的消防安全保护工作提供重要的经验借鉴。

我国传统乡村聚落研究发展历程与展望

传统乡村聚落承载着我国悠久的农耕文明和广大人民的生产生活,是数量最大、分布最广的一种文化遗产体系。随着国家乡村振兴战略的推进,传统乡村聚落的存续发展面临着重大的机遇和挑战,有必要对传统乡村聚落研究历程进行回顾和梳理,探索研究发展的方向和前景。通过对重要期刊、报纸、著作、政策文件等历史资料的挖掘与梳理,结合国家经济、文化、社会背景和乡村建设发展实况,再现了20世纪30年代以来我国传统乡村聚落研究发展的全过程,揭示传统乡村聚落研究不同发展阶段的时代背景、发展动力和研究范式特征,并对其研究趋势和方向做出研判和展望,以期推动相关学术研究,促进实践工作的开展。

区域视角下历史村镇集群区划与保护研究——以重庆欠发达地区为例

随着我国乡村振兴战略的全面推进,历史村镇保护作为实施乡村文化振兴的基础工作越发受到关注。目前城乡历史文化遗产保护理论虽日臻完善,但常规的孤点保护模式却难以解决偏远地区大数量历史村镇的保护问题。立足区域视角,在借鉴历史村镇保护相关理论实践的基础上,文章提出了定义、原则和任务三位一体的历史村镇集群区划理论架构。针对历史村镇集群划归的关键工作,选取重庆欠发达地区的72个历史村镇作为实证对象,依循“筛选集聚中心—构建区划体系—识别集群特性”的技术路径,构建了7大集群区划,并针对集群区内的村镇弱项从空间、产业和文化3大维度提出了适应性保护对策。

民族特色村镇建设的文化资源整合——以天津市孙各庄满族乡隆福寺村为例

文化整合是实现不同民族文化有机融合的必然路径,能够强化对中华民族共同体的认同,是推进新时代民族工作高质量发展的必要之举。天津市蓟州区隆福寺村通过文化空间、文化资本、文化记忆三个维度,为民族特色村镇建设架设了文化资源的整合框架。在文化空间的整合中以满汉共融的空间设计智慧,为满汉族际的接触、互动与交融建设,提供了交往场所。以文化资本的生产、传承、积累、转换,在实现人与环境和谐互惠、各类资本畅通循环之中达致中华民族文化资本的持续生产。以满汉各族迁居共生、保家卫国的文化记忆整合认同感的微观边界,增强满汉各族在历史发展中的关联。隆福寺村民族文化资源整合的实践探索,为当下铸牢中华民族共同体意识视角下的民族特色村镇建设提供了微观层面的经验借鉴。

我国历史文化村落保护研究的内容综述与工作前瞻

历史文化村落既是历史文化遗产保护的核心要素,又是我国乡村振兴战略推进的工作对象。文章借助CiteSpace分析工具,对相关文献进行关键信息的检索、提取、分析和研判。分析结果表明,我国历史文化村落研究大体可划分为依附研究、专属研究和拓展研究3个阶段,主要围绕“本体机理的认知解读”“文化遗产的保护转型”“社会体系的组织治理”和“产业发展的创新规划”4大主题展开讨论,体现从“实体历史空间”到“复合多元要素”的对象演变、从“孤立对象保护”到“区域统筹发展”的目标拓展、从“单科定性”到“交叉定量”的方法进化等研究特征。最后,面对乡村振兴的机遇与乡村收缩的挑战,从研究视角、保护理论、实践方法等方面提出工作展望,以期为新时代我国历史文化村落保护实践提供科学的理论支持。

基于培训迁移理论的环境设计教师TPACK能力提升研究——以“历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”为例

培训迁移理论关于影响因素的分析和评价方法的研究,为师资培训提供了高效的分析框架。“钱塘江流域历史文化名村名镇保护和活化创意师资培训项目”在该理论指导下,研究环境设计教师TPACK能力提升的途径,包括:在培训计划阶段沟通谋划确定培训设计,引导教师树立正确的培训动机;在培训实施阶段优化培训内容设计,塑造良好的培训环境,促进教师TPACK能力感知;在应用阶段推动教学实践应用和培训评估,积极营造持续学习氛围,实现TPACK能力的应用和融合。本研究期待为环境设计师资培训提供理论与实践依据。

“三生空间”协调视角下湖北省石牌镇空间优化浅析

石牌镇是我国历史文化名镇,历史上因毗邻汉水,所以水路交通发达。在“乡村振兴”的大背景下,石牌镇作为平原地区的乡镇,在“三生空间”协同发展方面面临着诸多问题,文章以湖北省钟祥市石牌镇为研究对象,采用适合其“三生空间”协同发展的评价指标体系,运用ArcGIS等软件进行数据处理和分析,研究石牌镇的发展现状,分析其“三生空间”协同发展的问题,根据以上分析提出因地制宜的实用性村镇优化策略。