Tourism Development Mode of Historical and Cultural Blocks from the Perspective of Urban Renewal Based on Online Review Data:A Case Study of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing

Under the background of urban renewal, this paper re-explores the tourism development modeof Nanluoguxiang historical and cultural block based on online review data, and puts forward correspondingdevelopment strategies. As a cultural label of a city, historical and cultural blocks should be updated first inorder to achieve sustainable development. By using multi-source big data review and qualitative researchmethods, the perception evaluation of tourists in Nanluoguxiang is obtained, and the shortcomings ofcurrent tourism development mode are analyzed. Furthermore, corresponding improvement strategies andsuggestions are put forward, in order to provide some effective ideas for the sustainable development ofhistorical and cultural blocks in the future.

Overview of the CMIP6 Historical Experiment Datasets with the Climate System Model CAS FGOALS-f3-L

The three-member historical simulations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System model,version f3-L(CAS FGOALS-f3-L),which is contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),are described in this study.The details of the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model,experiment settings and output datasets are briefly introduced.The datasets include monthly and daily outputs from the atmospheric,oceanic,land and sea-ice component models of CAS FGOALS-f3-L,and all these data have been published online in the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF,https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/).The three ensembles are initialized from the 600th,650th and 700th model year of the preindustrial experiment(piControl)and forced by the same historical forcing provided by CMIP6 from 1850 to 2014.The performance of the coupled model is validated in comparison with some recent observed atmospheric and oceanic datasets.It is shown that CAS FGOALS-f3-L is able to reproduce the main features of the modern climate,including the climatology of air surface temperature and precipitation,the long-term changes in global mean surface air temperature,ocean heat content and sea surface steric height,and the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean and atmosphere.Meanwhile,like other state-of-the-art coupled GCMs,there are still some obvious biases in the historical simulations,which are also illustrated.This paper can help users to better understand the advantages and biases of the model and the datasets。

The CMIP6 Historical Simulation Datasets Produced by the Climate System Model CAMS-CSM

This paper describes the historical simulations produced by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS)climate system model(CAMS-CSM),which are contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The model description,experiment design and model outputs are presented.Three members’historical experiments are conducted by CAMS-CSM,with two members starting from different initial conditions,and one excluding the stratospheric aerosol to identify the effect of volcanic eruptions.The outputs of the historical experiments are also validated using observational data.It is found that the model can reproduce the climatological mean states and seasonal cycle of the major climate system quantities,including the surface air temperature,precipitation,and the equatorial thermocline.The long-term trend of air temperature and precipitation is also reasonably captured by CAMS-CSM.There are still some biases in the model that need further improvement.This paper can help the users to better understand the performance and the datasets of CAMS-CSM.

Test Calibration of the Paleoclimatic Proxy Data with Chinese Historical Records

The calibration of paleoclimate proxies is one of the key problems in the study of paleoclimate at present. Historical documentary records of climate are suitable for calibration on dating and the climatic implication of the proxy data in a climatological sense. A test calibration on correcting the Delingha tree ring precipitation series using Chinese historical documentary records shows that among the 44 extreme dry cases in 1401 1950 AD, 42 cases （or 95.5%） are believable. Thus the long series of Delingha rings-denoted precipitation is highly reliable. Another test to validate the monsoon intensity proxy data based on the Zhanjiang Huguangyan sediments using historical records indicates that the years of Lake Maar Ti content series-designated winter monsoon intensities are entirely opposite to historical documents- depicted years of harsh winters in 800-900 AD. As a result, serious doubt is raised about the climatic implication of this paleo-monsoon proxy series.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Mapping a Paleodrainage System of the Keriya River Using Remote Sensing Data and Historical Materials

Keriya River, one of the ancient Four Green Corridors in the Tarim Basin, recording the changes of climate-environment and the ancient Silk Road of the region. According to the archaeological data, historical materials and paleoclimates information, its eeo-environment and climate have taken great changes since the 1.09 Ma B.P, especially during the recent 2,000 years, many famous ancient cities having been abandoned and the south route of the Silk Road has been moved southward. This study illustrates the capability of the remote sensing data （radar data, topographic data and optical images） and historical materials, in mapping the ancient drainage networks. A major paleodrainage system of Keriya River has linked the Kunlun Mountains to the Tienshan Mountains, possibly as far back as the early Pleistocene. The Keriya River will have important implications for not only the understanding of the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Tarim Basin from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene, but also the changes of the Silk Road.

Optimization of Portfolio of Stocks at ZSE through the Analysis of Historical Data

Decision-making of investors at the stock exchange can be based on the fundamental indicators of stocks, on the technical indicators, or can exist as a combination of these two methods. The paper gives emphasis to the domain of technical analysis. In the broader sense the technical analysis enables the dynamics of the expected future values of the shares estimation. This can be performed on the basis of the data on historical trends of the revenues, profits and other indicators from the balance sheet, but also on the basis of historical data on changes in the values of the shares. Companies generally belong to the different sectors that have different presumptions of development resulting from the global market trends, technology and other characteristic. Processing of historical data values of the outstanding shares of the Zagreb Stock Exchange （ZSE） is origination of this research. Investors are interested to know the estimation of future returns for the stocks as well as the size of the risk associated with the expected returns. Research task in this paper is finding the optimal portfolio at the ZSE based on the concept of dominant portfolio by Markowitz approach. The portfolio is created by solving non-linear programming problem using the common software tools. The results of obtained optimal portfolios contain relevant conclusions about the specifics of the shares as well as the characteristics of the industrial sectors but also provide a further knowledge about diverse sectors treatment at the stock exchange in a multi-year period.

Evaluation of the Historical Sampling Error for Global Models

Various ensemble-based schemes are employed in data assimilation because they can use the ensemble to estimate the flow-dependent background error covariance. The most common way to generate the real-time ensemble is to use an ensemble forecast; however, this is very time-consuming. The historical sampling approach is an alternative way to generate the ensemble,by picking some snapshots from historical forecast series.With this approach, many ensemble-based assimilation schemes can be used in a deterministic forecast environment. Furthermore, considering the time that it saves, the method has the potential for operational application.However, the historical sampling approach carries with it a special kind of sampling error because, in a historical forecast, the way to integrate the ensemble members is different from the way to integrate the initial conditions at the analysis time(i.e., forcing and lateral boundary condition differences, and ‘warm start' or ‘cold start' differences). This study analyzes the results of an experiment with the Global Regional Assimilation Prediction System-Global Forecast System(GRAPES-GFS), to evaluate how the different integration configurations influence the historical sampling error for global models. The results show that the sampling error is dominated by diurnal cycle patterns as a result of the radiance forcing difference.Although the RMSEs of the sampling error are small, in view of the correlation coefficients of the perturbed ensemble, the sampling error for some variables on some levels(e.g., low-level temperature and humidity, stratospheric temperature and geopotential height and humidity), is non-negligible. The results suggest some caution must be applied, and advice taken, when using the historical sampling approach.

Prediction of Commuter Vehicle Demand Torque Based on Historical Speed Information

The development of vehicle-to-everything and cloud computing has brought new opportunities and challenges to the automobile industry.In this paper,a commuter vehicle demand torque prediction method based on historical vehicle speed information is proposed,which uses machine learning to predict and analyze vehicle demand torque.Firstly,the big data of vehicle driving is collected,and the driving data is cleaned and features extracted based on road information.Then,the vehicle longitudinal driving dynamics model is established.Next,the vehicle simulation simulator is established based on the longitudinal driving dynamics model of the vehicle,and the driving torque of the vehicle is obtained.Finally,the travel is divided into several accelerationcruise-deceleration road pairs for analysis,and the vehicle demand torque is predicted by BP neural network and Gaussian process regression.

Probabilistic Estimation of Hazard on Engineering Site Based on the Intensity of Historic Earthquakes and A Preliminary Comparison with Seismic Hazard Analysis

This paper introduces a new method to estimate the seismic hazard on engineering site.The method is mainly based on intensity data of historical earthquakes.The obvious feature of the method is to use some ideas of seismic hazard analysis and considering regional seismicity tendency.The authors depict the comprehensive method to estimate the related parameters and predict the seismic hazards for 14 sites as practical examples.Some problems are also discussed.Compared with seismic hazard analysis,this method has certain advantages,such as simpler computation,lower uncertainty and smaller sensitivity factor.Moreover total hazard P(I≥i)of a site can be examined with real historic data.The result given by the method in this paper can be more stable than that given by seismic hazard analysis nowadays.

Study of the methodologies in the researches on the legal history

The subject of the legal history belongs to the interdisciplinary of the law and the history. Because of the attribute of the interdisciplinary of the subject of the legal history, the reference of the experience in the development of the h/story is very important. The subject of the legal history must pay attention to the problems encountered in the process of the development of the history and the accumulated experience. The historical development since the last century displays the importance and necessity of the theory of the social science in the study of the history. The researcher of the legal history should focus on the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of the subject of the social sciences, and through the innovative use of the historical data and the use of the multidisciplinary interpretation methods, re-interpret the historical events and figures. With the aid of the comprehensive use of the methods of the multiple disciplines, further open the new situation of the study of the legal history.

笔谈:数字化为文明赋彩——文物和文化遗产数字技术应用现状与实践路径

数字技术在文化遗产领域的应用已从最初的信息储存和传输,发展到数据处理分析,进而进化到今天的自动化和智能化处理与展示,在文化遗产研究、记录、保护、利用等方面起到了至关重要的作用。当前,我国基本形成覆盖文物保护工作全链条的数字化解决方案,并不断创新核心技术与设备,形成通用技术与国际并驾齐驱、特色技术引领国际潮流的发展趋势。数字技术在考古遗址三维空间信息的获取、分析、模拟、研究和展示等全过程中发挥着重要作用,为古代遗址与自然环境之间的人地关系等研究开辟了新的途径。新一代测绘技术,可实现对建成遗产三维数字形式的记录与保存,在精度、纹理、展示分析、交互以及文物古建的数字修复等方面具有不可替代的价值。通过“空间历史大数据”途径,可以打破过往人文学科与空间操作之间的知识鸿沟与技术壁垒,促进文化遗产以体系化技术操作实现“公众化”,通过文化空间实践达成未来城乡高质量发展和历史人文知识存续之间的良性互动。数字化实践在非物质文化遗产保护中的应用范围在不断扩大,已然从保存、宣传扩展到传承、振兴的层面。从全球视野审视数字化这一新兴领域的发展历程和前沿动态,文化遗产数字化面临着建立更完善的数据资源等挑战。

南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编2.数据治理技术与应

在南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编项目实施过程中,数据管理是一项重要工作。文章从数据管理者的角度,以数据为研究对象,以数据治理为研究核心,探讨数据的科学管理工作,构建一个简单的数据治理模型,包含安全体系、组织体系、标准体系、资源体系、共享体系、对接体系共6大体系,为项目数据以及南海海洋数据的数据治理工作提供保障。文章重点围绕数据安全体系、数据标准体系、数据资源体系做简要论述。

南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编1.资料整编技术及应用

南海宽广深厚、资源丰富、自然条件复杂、地理位置重要,是我国的核心利益。自20世纪50年代以来,我国先后组织了十数次大规模的南海与诸岛海洋科学综合考察,取得了大批重要原始数据。但是,早期资料无电子化手段,记录标准不一、质控标准不一、归档标准不一、原始资料散落或濒于遗失,抢救与整编需求迫切。南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编项目规范化整编了1950年至2019年共353个项目664个航次超过200多种要素的历史数据,构建了包含水文气象、海洋化学、生物生态、渔业资源、地质环境、岛礁地质样品等第一手实测的宝贵科学数据的综合数据库,同时对整编数据完成了相关科学分析,新形成一些分析数据产品,出版了《南海科学考察历史资料整编丛书》1套共12部,以及其他专著7部。本系列文章共3篇,文章1针对历史数据的系统整编,简要论述规范化整编的实施步骤,针对技术难点提出相应实践策略;文章2针对整编数据的科学管理,简要论述南海海洋数据治理技术研究与实践;文章3针对整编数据的共享服务,简要论述“数字南海”的建设实践与创新应用。通过本系列文章完整地论述南海科考历史资料整编综合数据库暨“数字南海”的研究过程与实践经验,为其他海洋科学考察资料系统整编提供参考。

南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编3.数据共享服务及应用

在南海及其附属岛礁海洋科学考察历史资料系统整编项目实施过程中,数据共享是一项重要工作。文章主要介绍南海科考历史资料整编综合数据库暨“数字南海”平台的设计与建设。首先阐述“数字南海”的设计与开发重点,实现数据管理共享的流程集约化和资源利用高效化;其次以“航次一张图”和“岛礁一张图”模块介绍数据的交互分析应用及动态可视化应用。“数字南海”平台建设按照项目目标,统一规划部署、统一标准体系、统一数据平台、统一成果发布,数据服务贯穿项目实施的全生命周期,推动形成共商共建共享共赢的数据工作发展新格局。

知识图谱赋能下的历史人物数据平台构建实践——以宋庆龄文献数据中心平台建设为例

线上数据平台已成为历史人物文献史料研究的重要载体,其借助数字化、知识化充分保护文献、挖掘史料的内在价值,能为广大研究者和历史爱好者提供强有力的数据支撑和便捷的文献服务。本研究在梳理历史人物数据库和数字人文下知识图谱的相关研究基础之上,提出并分析了构建历史人物数据平台的两大关键问题:多源异构文献数据的结构化和多模态信息下的知识图谱构建,并通过数据分类统计、元数据结构化设计、Schema构建、知识抽取、实体融合5个环节解决了上述问题,实现了文献聚合、文献检索、文献可视化等功能,并以宋庆龄为研究对象进行实证研究,所设计的数据平台构建流程为图书馆智慧化领域研究提供了切实可行的方案实例。

卷烟配方模块价值计量分析模型研究

针对传统配方模块质量评价方法存在主观性、盲目性等缺点,以及其所造成的配方模块质量与其实际生产、使用存在较大偏差,提出了一种基于历史生产数据的配方模块价值计算方案,挖掘由配方模块实际使用情况衡量配方模块价值与配方模块质量的关系,以该方案计算结果作为表征配方模块综合质量的指标,并运用BP神经网络算法和统计分析方法验证计算结果的合理性。结果表明,感官指标(香气、烟气、味感、香型)与档次显著正相关,化学指标(烟碱CV、糖碱比)与档次无显著相关性,档次作为配方模块质量的评估方案太过主观。而配方模块价值与感官指标、化学指标均显著相关,说明配方模块价值是结合了主观指标与客观指标的综合体现,因此更适合用来代表配方模块的质量;配方模块价值计算方案充分考虑了卷烟实际生产运作的特点,更加贴合生产实际,能够更好地为卷烟配方模块的生产和使用提供指导。

社会感知数据表征下的历史文化街区地方感变迁——以南锣鼓巷(2008—2022年)为例

以北京南锣鼓巷历史文化街区近15年的变迁实践为研究对象,根据2008—2022年社会感知网络数据特征,分析其地方感变化的阶段性差异,以此构建南锣鼓巷地方感变迁的概念模型。首先,建立历史文化街区评价专属词库,基于扎根理论,从专属词库的文本中编码获得地方感的3个维度:地方认知、地方依赖和地方认同,通过对历年高频词主类目占比变化曲线、突现词特点、相关语义网络和南锣鼓巷商业业态占比等数据分析,结合社会生态系统适应性循环理论,提取特征差异明显的4个阶段:2008—2009年的稳定期、2010—2014年的生长期、2015—2018年的重构期以及2019—2022年的调整期。最后从资本的角度对历史文化街区的地方感变迁进行分析,指出经济资本需要综合社会资本与文化资本才能更好地适应发展,在循环中维持动态平衡。

基于机器学习和街景图像的历史城区店招色彩量化研究——以苏州为例

店招色彩是城市风貌的重要组成元素,特别是风貌重点管控的历史城区。文章运用机器学习技术和街景图像数据,以苏州历史城区为例,基于“传统建筑一管控建筑一现代建筑”3个尺度构建一套历史城区店招色彩的评价方法。该方法以街道为单位识别不同类型建筑的店招主导色彩并对街道的店招色彩协调度进行评价。通过筛选协调度较高和较低的街道,分析其店招色彩特点,提出历史城区店招色彩量化管控的依据。该方法可为历史城区店招的精细化更新管控提供技术支持。