Historical Evolution of Vernacular Settlement in Tianshui City

Vernacular settlement is a sum of settlements that keep traditional landscapes in the process of urbanization, and its coverage coincides with that of urban community and rural settlement to some extent. It is a phenomenon of social development against the background of rapid urbanization. As a national famous historic and cultural city, Tianshui City should have had excellent traditional cultural genes as the driving force for its development, however, only fragments of some historic blocks have been left in the recent urbanization. This paper, on the basis of investigating the old urban district of Tianshui City, analyzing the historical phenomenon, summarized the root causes for the status quo of vernacular dwellings in the city, so as to raise the concerns on humanistic thought, and provide proper guidance for the sustainable development of vernacular settlement.

The Research on Historical Evolution and Inheritance Development of Ansai waist drum in China

This article from the perspective of sports science and sociology to explain the origin and development ofansai waist drum, analyzes the historical evolution of ansai waist drum, analysis of ansai waist drum in problems existing in the process of development, and according to the analysis and the reality put forward the countermeasures of development of ansai waist drum inheritance： transmission of ansai waist drum based on school, and innovation of art form, ＂waist drum troupe＂ building, the establishment of various rules and regulations and the drummer cultivation mechanism and strengthening network, books, magazines and other publicity and performances.

The Historical Evolution of American Policy Toward Tibet

Tibet is well known around the world today. The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is one of China’s five ethnic minorities’ autonomous regions. However, to some in the West, Tibet’s political position seems open to dispute.It is obviously that no one can reach a proper understanding of this issue without consulting history. In ancient times, Tibet was a vague geographical concept to Western world, but it did witness competition between the great powers in modern times. Originally the so-called "Great Game" brought Russian and British monk-spies and, eventually, the British Indian army, into Lhasa. Then, during World War II, the US established the famous air

Historical Evolution and Innovation of Supply of Rural Public Cultural Service in China

Based on the analysis of main body,decision making and financing mode concerning the supply of public cultural services in rural areas,we divide historical evolution of rural public cultural services in China into three periods:(i) The period from the founding of New China to the period before " Cultural Revolution" ;(ii) The period from " Cultural Revolution" to the period before the reform and opening-up;(iii) The period after the reform and opening-up.We analyze the defects in the supply of rural public cultural services in China:(i) Difference in the supply of public cultural services between urban and rural areas,caused by urban-rural " dual" structure;(ii) Insufficient supply of rural public cultural services,arising from unclear property rights and executive power of government at all levels;(iii) Structural imbalance in the supply of rural public cultural services,caused by top-down supply decision making mechanism;(iv) Single financing channels of rural public cultural services.From input,decision making,demand expression,financing and endogenous mechanism of supply of rural public cultural services,we put forward the recommendations for improving the supply of public cultural services in China.

China’s historical evolution of environmental protection along with the forty years’reform and opening-up

Along with the 40 years of reform and opening-up,China’s ecological and environmental management system has been evolving continuously.Since the start of the ecological and environmental protection in 1972,China has witnessed“great leaps”of reform on environmental management system about once every 10 years,in order to address the prominent environmental issues at different development stages,and continuously reform,innovate and develop the ecological and environmental governance systems and modes with Chinese characteristics.China adheres to solve environmental problems in the process of development,takes the improvement of the ecological and environmental quality as the core task,and gradually builds its ecological and environmental management systems conforming to the characteristics of different development stages,including a sound ecological and environmental planning&policy system,an improved ecological and environmental governance system and a complete ecological and environmental legal system.During the process of building the socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era,we should aim at the strategic goal of building a Beautiful China,keep focused on China while stay connected with the world,adhere to green development,accomplish top-level design,build a new pattern of ecological and environmental management system,and co-construct a clean and beautiful world.

A study on historical location and evolution of Lop Nor in China with maps and DEM

Lop Sea,located at the east end of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China,dried up permanently,which is the terminal lake of the Tarim River.Lop Sea was considered as the lake basin of Lop Nor since Quaternary.However,the possibility that Lop Nor was away from the Lop Sea in historical time is crucial to be discussed to interpret the proxy records in sediment profiles.To obtain a general view of the evolution of Lop Nor and Lop Sea in a historical period,several approaches were adopted in this paper.First,the Qianlong Thirteen-Row Atlas,an ancient imperial atlas of the Qing Dynasty,which was completed around 1760,indicated that the Tarim River formed a relatively large lake at its modern upstream region.Second,a Digital Elevation Model(DEM)with a 10-m spatial resolution and a relative precision of 0.42 m was derived from TanDEM-X/Terra SAR-X satellite image pairs using the interferometry method,which was verified using ICESat-GLAS laser footprints and a local DEM acquired by a drone.Finally,based on the spatial analysis of historical documents,expedition reports,sediment profiles and archaeological evidence,it can be deduced that the lacustrine deposition was discontinued in the Lop Sea.Six episodes in the evolutionary history of the drainage system in eastern Tarim Basin were summarized.The proved depositional condition variations could be used for future interpretation of proxy records in sediment.The high-accurate DEM provided a reference for the location of further fieldwork in the Lop Sea.The method proposed in this paper may be efficient for the research of inland lakes or rivers in global arid regions.

Historical evolution and the effects of ecological management in Tarim Basin, China

The Tarim Basin, in northwestern China, is the largest continental basin in the world, and hosts desert landscapes as well as extensive oasis agriculture. Many horticultural products come from this basin. However, since the 1950s, frequent river flow interruptions have occurred in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Thus, the natural ecology of the basin has undergone significant changes because of recent human economic and social activities. In particular, water resource development and utilization along with climate changes have had a significant impact on the area. To prevent further deterioration of the environment, the Central Government implemented a water conveyance project in 2000. Based on this project, Chinese scientists, together with those from overseas, have conducted extensive research on the historical evolution of the area, and the physiological and ecological responses of the natural vegetation around the Tarim Desert Highway. Progress has been made in the areas of environmental protection and ecological conservation.

Formation and Evolution of Ancient Lakes on South Coast Plain of Laizhou Bay

Based on the data of historical geography, the analysis of the stratigraphic section, and the textual research of place names and satellite photographic interpretations, the authors study the formation and evolution of ancient lakes on the south coast plain of Laizhou Bay where there were once three lakes: Judian Lake, Qingshuibo Lake and Biehua Lake. All the lakes formed 6000 years ago evolved from the lagoons near the estuary and went through two periods, the golden age in the Middle Holocene and the shrinking age in the Late Holocene. The disappearance of the lakes resulted from the drying climate, the migration of the river courses and the activities of human beings. Among the three reasons, the migration of the river courses is the main one.

大学排名的历史演进

美国是大学排名的策源地,1870年在其教育署出版的高校年度报告基础上形成的高校名单被视为大学排名的滥觞。早期零星的大学排名对其利益相关者影响并不大,因为公众对于精英大学的心理认同靠的是一种声誉机制。1983年,第一个现代意义的大学排名诞生,它源于一本濒临破产杂志的自救。20世纪后20年的大学排名主要由市场驱动,纸媒主导,其背后隐藏的更多的是“生意”。2003年,第一个世界大学排名发布,21世纪前20年的大学排名政治属性日益凸显,影响着各国高等教育的改革与发展,并逐渐与“世界一流大学”的叙事深度绑定。

六味地黄丸在儿科中的历史沿革与现代临床应用分析

梳理六味地黄丸在儿科中的历史沿革与现代临床应用。本文采用文献计量学方法,在中华医典、中医典海及中国知网等数据库检索六味地黄丸在儿科应用的文献,分析六味地黄丸历史源流、方药组成、功效主治和现代临床应用等。从宋代至清代,用药剂量上,六味地黄丸中泽泻、牡丹皮、茯苓三味药用量有增加,而熟地黄、山药、山茱萸三味药用量基本不变;功效上,从宋代以补益肝肾为主到明清补益与清热并重;临床适应证上,主治病症越来越广泛。现代临床应用方面,六味地黄丸在儿科治疗呼吸系统疾病较多,其次为泌尿系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、神经系统疾病等。综上所述,通过对六味地黄丸在儿科应用的古今文献考证研究,以期为六味地黄丸更广泛的临床运用和深入研究提供参考。

The Evolution History of Huizhou Print

Huizhou print is a regional print genre based on ancient print,which flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The reasons for its prosperity include geography,cultural and economic development,etc.,and by virtue of the influence of Huizhou merchants,it has had a significant impact on the style of local prints.This paper systematically introduces the general history of Huizhou print from its birth to the present age from three perspectives:the origin and development,the reasons for its prosperity in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and the decline and rebirth in modern times.

Spatio-temporal evolution of Allium L. in the Qinghaie-Tibet-Plateau region: Immigration and in situ radiation

A plethora of studies investigating the origin and evolution of diverse mountain taxa has assumed a causal link between geological processes （orogenesis） and a biological response （diversification）. Yet, a substantial delay （up to 30 Myr） between the start of orogenesis and diversification is often observed. Evolutionary biologists should therefore identify alternative drivers of diversification and maintenance of biodiversity in mountain systems. Using phylogenetic, biogeographic, and diversification rate analyses, we could identify two independent processes that most likely explain the diversity of the widespread genus Allium in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） region： （1） While the QTP-related taxa of the subgenus Melanocrommyum diversified in situ, （2） QTP-related taxa of other subgenera migrated into the QTP from multiple source areas. Furthermore, shifts in diversification rates within Allium could not be attributed spatially and temporally to the uplift history of the QTP region. Instead, global cooling and climate oscillations in the Quaternary were major contributors to increased speciation rates in three clades of AUium. Our study therefore adds to the growing evidence supporting the ＂mountain-geo-biodiversity hypothesis＂, which highlights the role of climate oscillations for the diversification of mountain organisms.

Educational Function Evolution of Urban Green Spaces in China

Understanding and ways of demonstrating educational functions of urban green spaces were summarized on the basis of 4 historical periods:ancient times,period of the Republic of China,early years of the People’s Republic of China,and after the reform and opening up.In ancient times,imperial palace gardens and temple gardens were used to advocate morality and etiquette,so as to consolidate governance of the ruling class.In the period of the Republic of China,parks were used to propagate democracy,civilization and patriotism.In the early years of the People’s Republic of China,urban green spaces were mainly used as the base for cultural,ideological and political propagation.After the reform and opening up,educational contents and forms of urban green spaces have been enriched and gradually become bases for scientific popularization,cultural,humanistic,art and history education.Urban green spaces as the products of social development reflect evolution of political,economic,cultural and social environment,and changes of human needs in the changes of its educational content.

我国高等教育在地国际化内涵演进、发展困境及实践逻辑

在地国际化是后疫情时期我国高等教育国际化的重要发展趋势。它是高等教育内涵式发展的重要动力,是应对国际环境深刻变化的科学方略,是满足广大学生需求的有效途径,但面临评价导向与实践目标错位、在地国际化资源利用效率不高、在线国际教育效果难以保障、高校国际化发展协同效应不强等主要挑战和困境。分析归纳欧洲高等教育在地国际化共性要素,并基于此提出从观念上扭转“西化从属观”与“困境工具观”,从组织上搭建“三位一体”协调机制,从内容上完善课程国际化,从评价上引导高校特色发展,从技术上促进虚拟互动。

乡村文化振兴的历史演进与创新路径

近现代以来,我国一直重视乡村文化建设,这主要包括以下阶段:一是西方文化视野下对乡村落后文化的改进,二是中西文化交融下对乡村文化的辩证理解,三是以主体自觉对乡村文化进行改造,四是在新时代全面推进乡村文化振兴。这是一个不断中国化、马克思主义化、实践化的过程。目前,乡村文化振兴在文化知识、文化习俗、文化产业、文化道德、文化精神等方面都有探索创新,但仍存在难以突破的瓶颈问题,需在观念与路径上有所改变和创新。这包括克服乡村文化振兴的悲观论、空洞论、唯科技论,强化其价值选择与心意相通,并深化内容和创新形式,特别是要从中国式现代化的角度进行思考,将文化人才振兴作为根本抓手。

Three-dimensional Analysis of the Evolution Path of Teaching Methods in China--Reflection and Prospect of Information-based Teaching

Under the influence of the information technology revolution,the teaching method,as the way to impart teaching content or the means to realize teaching content,has undergone a process of constant evolution and transformation.This transformation is still ongoing.In order to explain this phenomenon,we establish a three-dimension analysis framework of"ECONOMIC BASE-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-CULTURE".All kinds of logics involved in them are closely linked,thus influencing each other.At the same time,these aspects constantly affect the historical trajectory of the evolution.Based on the above analysis framework,the paper uses the historical approach to expound the evolution path on teaching methods in China since ancient times and divides it into four stages.Combined with the practical problems and interview results,we rethink the present information teaching methods.In the end,some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the further development of education-related fields.

甘草油的历史沿革、临床应用和现代药理研究

甘草油常常作为外用赋形剂、润肤剂或清洁剂使用。将甘草油调和不同功效的中药散剂可治疗各种皮肤疾病,对湿疹、皮肤瘙痒、脓疱疮、痤疮等疾病有着显著的效果,同时具有价格低廉、操作灵活等优势。现代药理学研究证实甘草油能够抑制细菌微生物生长,具有抗感染作用,且药食同源、安全性高。本文对甘草油的历史沿革、临床应用、现代药理学研究进行梳理,充分挖掘传统经验方的临床使用价值。

中国成人教育话语体系的历史演进与路径构建

成人教育话语体系构建是国家建立健全现代化教育制度与提升全民族素质题中应有之义。溯源演进历程,中国成人教育话语体系在经历了古代之草创、近代之发展、现当代之重构与创新后,迎来了新时代高速建设与扩充期。成人教育话语体系构建的重要经验主要为以政治经济环境为重要生成基础、以适时实践创新为提升关键、以植根文化传统为资源保障、以合理借鉴国外为建设助力。就中国成人教育话语体系构建路径而言,未来仍要坚持“以人为本”话语体系建设价值追求、探寻梳理中国成人教育的文化根基与底色样貌、深入挖掘汉译成人教育话语本土化的影响与充分彰显其建设的世界意义,为我国成人教育早日引领国际话语权、更好服务自身与世界发展凭添助力。

改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变——基于历史制度主义视角

教育援疆政策是实现中央治疆方略和推进新疆社会稳定的重要举措。基于历史制度主义视角检视我国改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变,可以发现:改革开放40多年以来,教育援疆政策的演变脉络大体分为探索期、发展期、蓬勃期三大阶段;政策嬗变路径呈现从“依赖——突破”的特征;在动力机制上,政策自我学习机制、外界经验的示范效应、多元行动者的博弈的动力机制推动教育援疆政策的延续与改革。展望未来,教育援疆政策应加强顶层设计,完善教育援疆政策体系;体现价值多元,优化教育援疆的政策导向;协同共治,形成教育援疆的政策新合力。

经典名方真武汤的历史沿革及临床应用规律

目的 考证真武汤的历史沿革和应用规律,为其深入研究提供精准的文献参考。方法 以真武汤为关键词,从《中华医典》检索、整理该方1991年1月以前的古籍。以真武汤、Zhenwu decoction、Zhenwu tang为主题词从中国知网、万方数据服务知识平台、维普网和Pub Med中获取2002年1月至2022年12月的临床研究文献。考证真武汤的处方来源、药物组成、剂量、炮制、功能主治、病证要素和应用规律。结果 纳入古籍92部,真武汤首载于《伤寒论》,由茯苓、芍药、白术、附子、生姜组成。剂量以茯苓三两、芍药三两、白术二两、附子一枚、生姜三两居多。在炮制方面,芍药以生白芍为主,白术以炒用为主,附子以熟附子为主。在应用规律方面,真武汤主要治疗少阴病和太阳病,涉及的症状有腹痛、小便不利、四肢疼痛、大便自利等,脾肾阳虚、阳虚水泛、心肾阳虚是临床应用真武汤的辨证要点。真武汤的应用涉及心血管、泌尿、消化等多系统,包括心力衰竭、糖尿病肾病、肾病综合征等疾病。结论本研究体现了真武汤的传承性、稳定性、有效性和安全性,为其研发提供了科学、客观的文献依据。