Historical Medical Exchanges Following the Confluence of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine:Coexistence and Mutual Development

This article examines the overall characteristics of historical medical exchanges between China and foreign countries,analyzing their contribution to the development of medicines in the world.It presents a summary of historical experiences of the development of medicines through mutual exchanges.It also provides an objective analysis of the effects of the eastward dissemination of Western medicine on traditional Chinese medicine.The history of their exchanges can be used as a mirror for each to learn from the other’s strengths to offset their own weakness,and achieve the coordinated and balanced development of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Such balanced development would enable the world’s medicinal systems to thrive and protect the health of people worldwide.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of Laws and Regulations

Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.

Antioxidant Activity of 50 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Varies with Total Phenolics

This study was designed to determine the total phenolic content of 50 herbs and to examine their antioxidant potential. In the sample preparation, 60% ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent for the subsequent experiments. Folin-Cicolteau phenol reagent and a colorimetric method were used to determine the total phenolic content of the selected herbs. The result showed that total phenolic content of those herbs ranged from 2 to 185 mg/g. In antioxidant assay, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) values ranged from 2 to 134 mg GAE/g;the IC50 values of DPPH?·, ·OH and ?scavenging were in the range of 0.06 - 5.50 mg/mL, 0.017 - 0.636 mg/mL and 0.050 - 0.681 mg/mL respectively. Flos caryophylli was the exceptant in the ?scavenging assay because there was no linear relation between the concentration and the scavenging percentage. Compared to gallic acid, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in antioxidant assay as positive control, the most potential antioxidant herbs were Cacumen platycladi, Radix et Rhizoma rhei, Rhizoma rhodiolae crenulatae, and Rhizoma sanguisorbae with considerable content of phenolics. Especially, a positive and significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and FRAP value or DPPH· scavenging percentage.

Reason Analysis and Risk Prevention of Soaring Price of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials

In recent years,the price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials soars continuously,and the resulting price risk increasingly looms large,which has critically affected midstream and downstream industries and peoples' demand for drug,and imperiled healthy and orderly development of traditional Chinese medicinal industries.Based on the status quo of continuous skyrocketing price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials at present,we winkle out the root cause of soaring price as follows:the supply and demand lose balance;the production costs hike up;there are other factors responsible for soaring price.This paper further analyses the impact of sharp increase in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials on all links of industry chain as follows:the medicinal herb growers never benefit from soaring price;the counterfeiters and forgers in midstream industry increase;the gross profit rate of Chinese medicine enterprises declines.In accordance with the risk arising from abnormal fluctuation in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,corresponding precautionary measures are put forward as follows:promote the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of value chain;curtail the production and management cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of organization chain;stabilize price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of information chain;reduce transaction cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of logistics chain.

Problems in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Industry in Shiyan City and Countermeasures

Through the analysis on the cultivation advantages and development problems of traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, some measures were proposed to enlarge and enhance the traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry, namely, large-scale, standardized, market-oriented and regionalized planting, thereby making it the pillar industry for farmers to increase income.

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Network pharmacology approaches for research of Traditional Chinese Medicines

Pharmacodynamics material basis and effective mechanisms are the two main issues to decipher the mechnisms of action of Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for the treatment of diseases.TCMs,in“multi-component,multi-target,multi-pathway”paradigm,show satisfactory clinical results in complex diseases.New ideas and methods are urgently needed to explain the complex interactions between TCMs and diseases.Network pharmacology(NP)provides a novel paradigm to uncover and visualize the underlying interaction networks of TCMs against multifactorial diseases.The development and application of NP has promoted the safety,efficacy,and mechanism investigations of TCMs,which then reinforces the credibility and popularity of TCMs.The current organcentricity of medicine and the“one disease-one target-one drug”dogma obstruct the understanding of complex diseases and the development of effective drugs.Therefore,more attentions should be paid to shift from“phenotype and symptom”to“endotype and cause”in understanding and redefining current diseases.In the past two decades,with the advent of advanced and intelligent technologies(such as metabolomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,single-cell omics,and artificial intelligence),NP has been improved and deeply implemented,and presented its great value and potential as the next drug-discovery paradigm.NP is developed to cure causal mechanisms instead of treating symptoms.This review briefly summarizes the recent research progress on NP application in TCMs for efficacy research,mechanism elucidation,target prediction,safety evaluation,drug repurposing,and drug design.

带状疱疹中医诊疗源流考

通过查阅古籍与文献中与带状疱疹相关的内容,总结古今医家经验,从病名、病因病机、治疗几方面开始归纳总结古今医家对带状疱疹的不同认识。带状疱疹古病名繁多,清代被统一为“蛇串疮”,并沿用至今。病因多以情志内伤、感受外邪为主,实质在于心肝二经风火与脾肺二经湿热。同时总结了古今医家的治疗经验,内外兼治,相得益彰。内治以“凉心泻肝、清热利湿”为主,外治以针灸活络止痛,膏剂、散剂等多种剂型外用以直达病所。

山东省济南市钢城区中药资源现状调查及分析

为摸清山东省济南市钢城区中药资源分布现状,按照全国第四次中药资源普查的统一要求,通过野外调查、内业整理、数据分析等过程对钢城区野外药用植物资源的分布、中药材栽培等进行调查梳理。结果表明:钢城区现有野生中药资源180种,隶属于65科、151属,其中优势科有菊科、豆科、十字花科等,野生商陆、茜草、益母草的蕴藏量较大,野生中药资源中有69种被《中国药典》2020版收录;栽培品种丹参、黄芩、山楂、花椒、金银花、生姜的种植面积较大,其中白花丹参为地理标志性资源。本次资源普查对钢城区的野生药用植物资源种类和分布进行了全面了解,为区域性中药资源的开发利用以及中药产业可持续发展提供了科学依据。

中医教材历史沿革与建设探讨

教材不仅是培养高素质人才的知识传递载体、开展教育活动的主要依据,也是高等院校开展教学任务的重要工具。按照时期划分教材的发展阶段,分析中医药高等教育第一至十一版统编教材的历史背景、内容特点,以此了解中医教材的历史沿革,并采用历史制度主义的理论视角,从中医教材建设的深层结构、路径依赖和动力机制三个方面分析其演变规律,为中医教材的深层次研究开辟了新思路、新视野。有利于提升教材质量的同时,对丰富中医药高等教育统编教材的理论和实证研究具有重要意义。

陈玉峰生平与著述史料研究

2023年是东北著名中医陈玉峰教授诞辰120周年。挖掘整理陈玉峰学术著述,研究其中医学术思想,继承中医临证经验具有重要意义,且十分紧迫。从个人成长历程、医教生涯、医事活动三方面开展陈玉峰生平研究;从学术著作、医话随笔、序跋文章三方面开展陈玉峰著述研究;从中医学术思想、中医临床治疗、中医教育思想等三方面对陈玉峰学术思想进行研究。

天然产物抗肺癌作用及其机制的研究进展

目的总结天然产物抗肺癌的机制,为候选治疗肺癌新的前瞻性药物提供理论基础。方法利用肺癌、中药、药理学及其组合等关键词,收集中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Science Direct和Web of science等数据库有关天然产物抗肺癌作用研究的文章,并进行总结。结果中医药治疗肺癌优势明显,具有药理机制新颖、毒性低、不良反应小的特点,可增效减毒、提高患者生活质量。天然产物主要包括黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖类、萜类、皂苷类和酚类,具有抑制肿瘤细胞周期、抑制增殖、诱导凋亡、促进自噬、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移的作用;天然产物与细胞毒性药物联合使用,可以增强疗效或降低耐药性,延缓肺癌的进展,延长患者的生存时间。结论中药含有多种黄酮、生物碱、萜及其苷类、多酚和其他可有效对抗肺癌的活性化合物,适合作为治疗肺癌的候选药物。

河北省中医研究院(保定)概况考证

河北省中医研究院(保定)是解放后河北省设立最早的省级中医研究机构,创立于1956年6月,最初称河北省中医研究所筹备处。1960年1月正式改设为河北省中医研究院,下设附属门诊部、附属医院。1965年8月撤销。从创立到撤销短短十年之内,中医研究工作卓有成效,院内人员重临床,务实效,勇于创新,多渠道推动中医交流,编审出版了大批优质中医书籍,影响深远,有效推动了中医学术的发展。因撤销近60年,资料散佚,通过查证史料,搜集实物资料,对河北省中医研究院(保定)概况进行考证。

姜杜仲炮制历史沿革及经典名方探讨

杜仲为杜仲科植物杜仲Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.的干燥树皮,具有补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎、降血压之功效,为中医临床常用药物。历代杜仲应用均强调炮制后入药,古人对其炮制研究积累了丰富的实践经验,有净制、切制、酥制、炙制、炒制、蜜炙、姜汁炙、盐水炒、酒拌炒焦、炒炭等十余种炮制方法。其中姜汁炙在多本中医药古籍中均有记载。然而,由于战乱等原因,姜杜仲在清末民初时期意外失传,虽坊间还有使用,但在历代版本的《中华人民共和国药典》及各地中药炮制规范中均未收载。为扩大杜仲主治范围,更好地传承和发展姜杜仲,有必要对其历史沿革进行梳理。文章通过对历代本草古籍、方书、医籍进行收集整理并结合现代书籍、文献资料,对古今姜杜仲的炮制方法进行梳理,对姜杜仲的药性功效、功能主治、临床应用及经典名方进行系统考证,以期为姜杜仲的炮制工艺、临床应用及现代研究提供参考依据。

中药有效成分结合支架材料促进骨组织再生

背景:随着淫羊藿苷、黄连素等中药被证实可以促进骨再生,研究者将中药活性成分与骨组织工程相结合,发现其在骨缺损的修复中具有独特优势。目的:从促进成骨的中药有效成分出发,筛选其与不同载药支架材料有效结合的案例,归纳总结有潜力应用于骨组织工程的中药有效成分。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库,以“骨组织工程,骨组织工程支架材料,骨缺损,骨修复,骨再生,中医药”为中文检索词,以“bone tissue engineering,bone tissue-engineered scaffold materials,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,traditional Chinese medicine”为英文检索词,检索时限限定为2000-2023年,根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入87篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:促进骨再生的中药有效成分种类繁多,主要包括黄酮类化合物、非黄酮类多酚、生物碱、苷类,有消炎止痛、促进成骨细胞和抑制破骨细胞以及促进血管早期生成的作用。中药有效成分与骨组织工程结合后在抗炎、加速胶原蛋白和骨骼形成、促进成骨基因表达等方面效果显著,为中药在骨组织再生中的应用提供了理论依据,同时为骨缺损修复提供了新的思路。

小檗碱促进骨再生的机制、安全性及在骨组织工程中的应用

背景:小檗碱具有诱导各种间充质干细胞在正常状态和高糖、感染及炎症等特殊状态下成骨分化的潜力,可替代生长因子诱导种子细胞成骨,是一种具有骨诱导潜力的天然小分子药物,在骨组织工程领域有着巨大的应用前景。目的:回顾和总结小檗碱成骨机制及效能,尤其是在高糖、感染及炎症环境下的成骨潜力,以及小檗碱生物安全性方面的研究进展,为其在骨组织工程中的发展应用提供理论依据。方法:在PubMed、万方及中国知网数据库,以英文检索词“berberine,bone defects,bone repair,bone regeneration,osteoinductive,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone tissue engineering,bone,high glucose,diabetes,inflam*,infect*”,中文检索词“黄连素,小檗碱,骨缺损,骨修复,骨再生,骨诱导,骨质疏松,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,骨组织工程,骨,高糖,糖尿病,炎症,感染”进行文献检索,最终筛选后纳入105篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)小檗碱能用于治疗包括骨病在内的多种疾病,其具有促进骨再生作用,文章系统综述了小檗碱对骨再生作用机制及体内外研究。(2)研究表明小檗碱能够通过促骨生成、抑制破骨细胞形成及其活性、抗骨质疏松等方面发挥骨修复作用,主要通过参与Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/AKT,EGFR/MEK/p38MAPK,cAMP/PKA/CREB和ERK等信号通路,表现出优异的成骨诱导分化潜力。(3)小檗碱还可以解除因高糖、感染及炎症引起的细胞成骨分化抑制,这为治疗患有糖尿病的骨缺损患者或骨缺损部位有感染及炎症的患者提供了更多可能。(4)小檗碱还具有毒性小、价格低廉和易于获取(目前已经能够人工合成)等优点,是较为理想的骨诱导潜力药物。(5)近年来应用小檗碱治疗骨缺损趋于局部使用,主要通过与骨组织工程技术结合改善生物利用度,在动物实验中表现出良好的骨修复作用和生物安全性,而且临床前实验表明,小檗碱在糖尿病、局部感染及炎症状态下仍然表现出优秀的骨再生潜力。(6)未来还需要更多的研究完整地揭示小檗碱的成骨机制和生物安全性等问题,并寻求最合适的控释载体制作出机械强度、疗效及生物安全性均佳的人工骨替代材料。

静水流深:百年中国蒙学读物研究回顾与展望

中国蒙学读物研究,是诠释传统蒙学思想、实现中华传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展的充分条件,也是探求中国教育学话语体系的重要过程和经验启示。20世纪以来,蒙学读物研究在我国获得长足发展,经历了三个发展阶段:批判基础上内容重构阶段、视角转换基础上价值重审阶段、回溯基础上现代转化阶段。研究主题历经蒙学读物内容适切性评价与审思、价值追问、流布与现代关联研究的变化;研究方法亦有经验归纳法、文献研究法、诠释学方法的主次变换;逐步构建了研究基本框架。研究成果日渐丰厚,但经过系统梳理、总结发现尚存一定程度的“失语”困境、研究方法层次意识和综合抽象深度不足的忧虑,因此,未来需要重点在推进蒙学读物本真诠释和学术话语连接研究、建构综合且有层次蒙学读物研究方法体系、提升研究者的传统文化涵养和学术研究素养三方面用力。

应用型中药资源与开发专业建设必要性与人才培养探索

中药材是关系国计民生的战略性资源,当前大健康产业的迅猛发展推动中药材需求量及需求层次的增长。在中药材产业进入高质量发展并逐步接轨国际的关键时刻,对应用型中药资源与开发专业人才培养建设的研究与探索意义重大。本文阐述建设中药资源与开发专业的必然性、人才培养模式及现状,并从人才培养方案、应用型课程体系与教学模式、师资队伍结构与实验实训平台五个方面对应用型中药资源与开发专业人才培养建设进行探讨,旨在培养更高质量的具有中医药特色的应用型专业技术人才,为中医药产业可持续发展与推动地区经济发展筑牢人才基础。

中药材经磷化铝熏蒸后残留磷化氢的降解规律研究

目的:研究经磷化铝熏蒸后中药材中磷化氢残留水平的变化规律。方法:选取党参、黄芪、当归等易生虫的十种中药材经过模拟实验建立阳性样本,通过建立磷化铝残留的测定方法,对制备样本进行磷化铝残留水平监测。结果:不同品种的中药材样品经磷化铝熏蒸后残留水平有明显差异,对于含有色素的款冬花药材,外观颜色发生明显变化。同时发现,阳性样品在自然通风条件下,磷化氢残留降解速度较快,在48h内降幅可达约50%以上,8天后残留量明显减少,12天后部分样品残留量低于检出限。结论:不同基质的中药材样品经磷化铝熏蒸后,残留水平有明显差异,且磷化氢残留随贮存时间延长降解速度加快。

辐照植物性中药材热释光鉴定方法研究

目的:采用热释光分析仪建立鉴定人参、甘草、苏叶、菊花和山楂等中药材中辐照与否的方法与标准。方法:将试样中的硅酸盐分离后,测定其热释光发光曲线的发光峰面积积分值G_(1),硅酸盐再经剂量1.0 kGy照射后,再次测定其热释光发光曲线的发光峰面积积分值G_(2);判断样品是否经过辐照时,以G_(1)/G_(2)的比值作为判断依据。结果判定:当G_(1)/G_(2)≥0.10时,可被判定为辐照样品;该样品在G_(1)/G_(2)<0.10时被判定为未经辐照。结论:本研究建立了可供其鉴定、评价参考的辐照植物性中药材热释光鉴别方法。