Hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene in the northern Dongpu Depression was analyzed in detail based on a comprehensive analysis of the generation and expulsion history of the major hydrocarbon source rocks, fluorescence microscopic features and fluid inclusion petrography. There were two main stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of oil from the major hydrocarbon source rocks. The first stage was the main hydrocarbon expulsion stage. The fluorescence microscopic features also indicated two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation. Carbonaceous bitumen, asphaltene bitumen and colloidal bitumen reflected an early hydrocarbon charge, whereas the oil bitumen reflected a second hydrocarbon charge. Hydrocarbon inclusions also indicate two distinct charges according to the diagenetic evolution sequence, inclusion petrography features combined with the homogenization temperature and reservoir burial history analysis. According to these comprehensive analysis results, the hydrocarbon charge history of the Paleogene reservoir in the northern Dongpu Depression was divided into two phases. The first phase was from the late Dongying depositional period of the Oligocene to the early uplift stages of the late Paleogene. The second phase was from the late Minghuazhen period of the Pliocene to the Quaternary. Reservoirs formed during the first period were widely distributed covering the entire area. In contrast,reservoirs formed during the second period were mainly distributed near the hydrocarbon generation sags. Vertically, it was characterized by a single phase in the upper layers and two phases in the lower layers of the Paleogene.

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions:A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous（Th_（aq）） and oil incluisons（Th_0） within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_（aq） values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area：the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.

Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics:A case study of the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

With the increasing exploration and development of typical hydrocarbon-rich depressions,such as the Dongpu Depression,the exploitation difficulty of shallow formations is increasing.There is an urgent need to clarify the hydrocarbon generation mode and hydrocarbon generation histories in deep formations.In this study,a gold tube-autoclave closed system was used to simulate the hydrocarbon generation processes and establish the hydrocarbon generation mode of different types of kerogen.Then,constrained by the thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics,hydrocarbon generation histories were modeled.The results show that hydrocarbon generation evolution can be divided into five stages,and the maturity of each stage is different.The hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks of the Shahejie 3 Formation mainly dates from the early depositional period of the Shahejie 1 Formation to the middle depositional period of the Dongying Formation.Hydrocarbon generation history constrained by thermal history and hydrocarbon generation kinetics is more in line with actual geological conditions.Moreover,this research can provide important hydrocarbon generation parameters for deep oil and gas exploration and exploitation of the Shahejie 3 Formation in the Dongpu Depression.

Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration

The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin.Compared with present thermal state,the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca.80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous.This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects.The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then.This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks.Meanwhile,the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin.The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs,which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment.In this study,we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous,which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.

Geothermal Regime,Thermal History and Hydrocarbon Generation Types of Sedimentary Basins in the Continental Area of China

The thermal regimes in sedimentary basins in the continental area of China are varied and reflect differences in geological settings. As a result of these variable thermal regimes, the history of hydrocarbon generation in each basin is also different. An east-west profile of the thermal threshold across the continental basins of China, like the Liaohe Basin, the North China Basin, the Ordos Basin, the Qaidam Basin and the Tarim Basin, was constructed using large numbers of heat flow measurements, temperature data and rock thermophysical parameters. Isotherms, surface heat flow, mantle heat flow and Moho temperature beneath the basins are shown in the profile, which illustrates changes in some thermal characteristics between basins in east China and those in west China. Thermal evolution histories in basins were reconstructed using Easy%Ro method, apatite fission track annealing and other paleothermometers. Typical hydrocarbon generation histories of the primary source rocks were modeled by referring to the thermal evolution data. Thermal stages controlled source rocks maturation and oil and gas generation, and influenced the type of hydrocarbon (oil and gas) production in the basins.

Tectonic-thermal history and hydrocarbon potential of the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea:Insights from borehole apatite fission-track thermochronology

The Pearl River Mouth Basin(PRMB)is one of the most petroliferous basins on the northern margin of the South China Sea.Knowledge of the thermal history of the PRMB is significant for understanding its tectonic evolution and for unraveling its poorly studied source-rock maturation history.Our investigations in this study are based on apatite fission-track(AFT)thermochronology analysis of 12 cutting samples from 4 boreholes.Both AFT ages and length data suggested that the PRMB has experienced quite complicated thermal evolution.Thermal history modeling results unraveled four successive events of heating separated by three stages of cooling since the early Middle Eocene.The cooling events occurred approximately in the Late Eocene,early Oligocene,and the Late Miocene,possibly attributed to the Zhuqiong II Event,Nanhai Event,and Dongsha Event,respectively.The erosion amount during the first cooling stage is roughly estimated to be about 455-712 m,with an erosion rate of 0.08-0.12 mm/a.The second erosion-driven cooling is stronger than the first one,with an erosion amount of about 747-814 m and an erosion rate between about 0.13-0.21 mm/a.The erosion amount calculated related to the third cooling event varies from 800 m to 3419 m,which is speculative due to the possible influence of the magmatic activity.

Thermal History and Potential of Hydrocarbon Generated from Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Malita Graben, Northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia

The Malita Graben is located in the northern Bonaparte Basin, between the Sahul Platform to the northwest and the Petrel Sub-basin and Darwin Shelf to the south. The wells Beluga 1, Heron 1, Evans Shoal 1, Evans Shoal 2 and Seismic Line N11805 are selected to determine the thermal history and potential of hydrocarbon generated from the Plover, Elang, Frigate Shale (Cleia and Flamingo), and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks. The modeling was performed by using Basin Mod 1-D and 2-D techniques. The model results show that the geothermal gradients range from 3.05 to 4.05°C/100 m with an average of 3.75°C/100 m and present day heat flow values from 46.23 to 61.99 mW/m2 with an average of 56.29 mW/m2. The highest geothermal gradient and present-day heat flow values occurred on a terrace north of the Malita Graben. These most likely indicate that hot fluids are currently variably migrating into this structure. The lower geothermal gradient and heat flow values have been modeled in the southeast sites in the well Beluga 1. The northern Bonaparte Basin experienced several deformation phases including lithospheric thinning;hence, heat flow is expected to vary over the geological history of the basin. The higher paleo-heat flow values changing from 83.54 to 112.01 mW/m2 with an average of 101.71 mW/m2 during Jurassic rift event (syn-rift) were sufficient for source rocks maturation and hydrocarbon generation during Cretaceous post-breakup sequence (post-rift) in the study area. The Tuatara (Upper Frigate Shale) Formation source rock with type II & III kerogen dominantly showing mixed oil- and gas-prone, and Plover Formation with type III and gas prone have never reached the peak mature oil window in the well Beluga 1. This area indicates that the maturity of source rocks is low and considered to be from poor-to-good organic richness with poor-to-fair potential for hydrocarbons generation. The post mature Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks in the well Evans Shoal 1 and an early mature oil window Echuca Shoals formation source rock in the well Evans Shoal 2, characterized by type III kerogen dominantly showing gasprone are a fair-to-very good source richness with poor potential for hydrocarbons generation. The low to high maturity of Echuca Shoals and Petrel (Frigate Shale) formations source rocks in the well Heron 1, Plover Formation source rock in the Evans Shoal 1 well, and Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Plover formations in the well Evans Shoal 2, showing gas-prone with type III and II & III kerogens predominantly, have reached the late mature oil and wet gas generation stages at present day. These last five formations source rocks are seen from poor-to-very good organic richness with poor-to-very good potential for hydrocarbons generation in the Malita Graben.

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton. Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock, the basin has undergone many tectonic events. The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift, twisting, deep burying, and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying, heating, and hydrocarbon generation, not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis, fluid inclusion measurements, and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY % Ro. The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan. This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation. The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations. The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian, Yanshanian, and particularly Late Himalayan. The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.

Tectono-Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia,Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(Kb) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(Ks) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.

Hydrocarbon generation conditions and exploration potential of the Taoudeni Basin,Mauritania

The Taoudeni Basin is a typical and steady intracratonic basin in Mauritania, northwest Africa. There are six sets of potential source rocks and five regional unconformable surfaces of the Infracambrian and Paleozoic developed in the basin. We used seismic stratigraphic correlation to recover the denudation thickness of formations at a particular well location. Studies of the hydrocarbon generation history of the basin illustrate that hydrocarbon migration and accumulation occurred in the end of the Carboniferous, and after that, the whole basin suffered denudation for a long period of time. Because there is no thick Mesozoic overburden in the basin, the Silurian source rocks could not generate hydrocarbon in the Mesozoic era for the second time. Consequently, the prospects for successful hydrocarbon exploration in the basin are not good.

Petroleum Generation Kinetics and Geological Implications for Jurassic Hydrocarbon Source Rocks,Hongqi Depression,Hailar Basin,Northeast China

A sample from the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.and two comparison samples from the Cretaceous Fm.were used to document the hydrocarbon generation kinetics and phase behaviors at two heating rates using the confined gold tube system.The results show that the different heating rates affect the reaction rates,paths and levels of organic matter evolution.The average activation energy and dominant frequency activation energy of liquid hydrocarbon are significantly lower than those of gaseous.Moreover,igneous intrusion had a positive effect on the blooming,enrichment and preservation of organic matter,promoting a Ro increase of 0.09%–1.07%in the Jurassic Tamulangou Fm.Two models were used to simulate the normal and abnormal evolution caused by thermal events combined hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters.Thermal simulation analysis shows that oil generation was initially slow and then increased rapidly until a burial depth of 1500 m was reached at~128 Ma.The largest hydrocarbon expulsion began at~120 Ma,corresponding to a burial depth of 2450 m.The maximum cumulative yield is 510 mg/g TOC,and it is still in the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which demonstrates a favorable potential for hydrocarbon exploration.

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系下乌尔禾组烃源岩类型与热演化研究

沙湾凹陷下组合油气资源丰富,下乌尔禾组烃源岩被证实是凹陷内主要的油气来源。然而,由于烃源岩埋深较大、勘探程度低,烃源岩类型、热演化以及生烃史尚不清楚,制约了下组合油气成藏规律的认识。本研究基于烃源岩地球化学参数,认识下乌尔禾组烃源岩基本特征,利用盆地模拟恢复烃源岩热演化以及生烃演化史,在此基础上对油气成藏过程进行分析。结果表明:沙湾凹陷下乌尔禾组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,平均有机碳含量(TOC)为0.82%,生烃潜量(S_(1)+S_(2))为5.32 mg/g,为中等烃源岩,平均成熟度(Ro)为1.27%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段。热演化模拟显示下乌尔禾组烃源岩于晚三叠世晚期进入生烃门限(Ro=0.5%),晚侏罗世—晚白垩世达到生油高峰(Ro=1.0%)。白垩纪末期,有机质热演化进入了高成熟演化阶段(Ro>1.3%)。沙湾凹陷超深层储层经历多期油气充注,油气的多期混合以及断层活动的不均一性造成不同层位多种相态油气藏共存。研究认识为准噶尔盆地超深层油气成藏过程和机理研究奠定了坚实的基础。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷西斜坡上乌尔禾组油藏成藏模式新认识

2018年,在精细刻画古地貌的基础上划分准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷上二叠统上乌尔禾组沉积相,以“沟槽控砂、相控储集层”的成藏模式部署上钻沙探1井首获突破。但由于沉积相和储集层研究不足,沙探1井钻遇的储集层规模未达预期,成藏模式还需要进一步完善。因此,利用地震、录井、测井、岩心和地球化学等资料对沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组沉积相和储集层特征进行系统研究。结果表明:沙湾凹陷发育小拐扇和沙门子扇2个沉积体系,沙门子扇规模更大,发育退覆式扇三角洲沉积相;上乌尔禾组从下至上分为3段,其中,乌二段薄砂层、乌一段上砂组下部和下砂组上部砂砾岩为主要的储集体;上乌尔禾组发育孔隙-裂缝双重介质型储集层;通源断裂为油气输送提供优势通道。建立了“断裂通源、扇控储集层、裂缝控产”成藏模式,发现了沙湾凹陷西斜坡断层-岩性油藏和断层-地层油藏,拓展了上乌尔禾组的油气勘探领域。

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘泾河油田长7段烃源岩生、排烃期与油气成藏期对比

泾河油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,目前已发现的油气主要位于研究区东北部,前人研究表明原油主要来自延长组长7段油页岩,然而原油到底来自研究区还是其东北部盆地中心的烃源岩还未有定论,从而制约了泾河油田的下一步勘探。利用盆地模拟方法,模拟了研究区和盆地中心长7段烃源岩生、排烃史,确定了泾河油田不同构造部位长7段烃源岩的生、排烃时间,并结合流体包裹体技术厘定了延长组储层原油成藏期次。烃源岩生、排烃时间和储层原油成藏时间以及生、排烃量的计算结果显示,泾河油田长7段烃源岩对本区油气成藏贡献有限,而盆地中心烃源岩生、排烃时间与研究区油气成藏时间具有很好的对应关系,并且本区油气明显具有由东北部向西南部运移的特点。因此与普遍认为的延长组储层以近源短距离垂向运移为主的成藏特征不同,本区已发现油藏可能主要来源于其东北部盆地中心优势生、排烃区,沿走滑断裂带经历了一定距离的侧向运移后聚集成藏。研究结果可为下一步研究区有利运聚方向及成藏区带预测提供重要参考。

巴布亚褶皱带中生界海相油气充注史及成藏动态演化

巴布亚盆地是处于澳大利亚板块北移和太平洋板块西移的活动边缘的中、新生代前陆盆地,巴布亚褶皱带是盆地西北部的次级构造单元,中生界油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大,但由于构造活动频繁使得油气聚集-调整过程复杂,严重制约了该地区油气勘探工作。在油气地球化学特征及来源分析的基础上,利用多种古温标的联合反演模拟了单井埋藏史和热史,基于储层流体包裹体分析了充注史,恢复油气成藏动态演化过程。结果表明:①巴布亚褶皱带中生界油气主要分布于褶皱带西段和中段,呈“西气东油”式分布。②油气充注期次可划分为“2期4幕”,早期3幕油气充注时间为105~85、78~53和47~32 Ma,表现为低熟油、高熟油和天然气的连续充注过程,包裹体捕获的原油成熟度更高、规则甾烷ααα(20R)-C_(27)相对含量更为丰富,油气来源于侏罗系烃源岩;晚期1幕油气充注时间为4~0 Ma,油气表现为“高熟油-天然气”混合充注并有低熟油补充的特征,现今储层原油成熟度低于早期原油且富含奥利烷,油气来源于侏罗系—白垩系烃源岩。③油气成藏受多期构造运动影响的烃源岩类型及演化程度、大规模圈闭发育、高效垂向-侧向输导体系和保存条件的控制,通过以构造演化为线索建立的“双源垂向侧向短距供烃-聚集调整过程动态平衡”油气成藏动态演化模式,提出了位于挤压推覆构造带下盘的白垩系烃源岩对中生代含油气系统同样具有烃源贡献的认识,以期为该地区下一步的油气勘探提供参考。

北黄海东部次盆地构造热机制与成烃效应

北黄海东部次盆地属于中新生代小型叠合断陷盆地,是我国海域勘探程度较低的一个盆地,对其经历的复杂构造-热演化史尚未有相关研究。本文利用镜质体反射率(R_o)和磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)两种古温标进行多方法的热史模拟,获得了盆地中新生界的热流史及地温梯度的变化,并恢复了盆地的剥蚀量及抬升剥蚀过程,在此基础上研究了盆地内烃源岩的热演化历史。结果表明,东部次盆地从中侏罗世至今,经历了古热流由高(75~90 mW/m^(2),120~100 Ma)到低(60 mW/m^(2),40 Ma),然后再升高至现今(70 mW/m^(2))的过程,且早期(100~70 Ma)降温缓慢,后期(70~40 Ma)降温快速。古地温梯度相应地呈现由高(34~36℃/km)到低(23℃/km),再升高(28℃/km)的变化趋势。东部次盆地晚白垩世之前的古地温梯度和古热流高于现今的地温梯度和热流,这与盆地由断陷阶段-坳陷阶段的演化过程一致。东部次盆地晚白垩世—始新世经历了较强的抬升剥蚀,地层的剥蚀厚度为1.0~1.5 km,在100~90 Ma地层沉积开始缓慢或停止,明显的剥蚀过程发生在85~40 Ma,其中70~40 Ma为快速剥蚀阶段。东部次盆地的构造热演化史影响了盆地内烃源岩的生烃过程。中上侏罗统两套烃源岩都存在早期(晚侏罗世—早白垩世)生烃过程,在中部坳陷内的主体生烃坳陷,晚白垩世—始新世地层剥蚀厚度较小,且渐新世之后地层沉积厚度较大,现今能够达到的地温也越高,有利于烃源岩晚期生烃,证实了该盆地具有一定的勘探潜力,应围绕主体生烃坳陷寻找有利成藏区。

川中地区大安寨段页岩热演化史及油气地质意义

下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段为四川盆地陆相页岩油开发的最有利层段,页岩油勘探潜力巨大,然而对该地层的热演化史缺乏系统研究。利用含油气盆地模拟系统,对比分析了川中地区北部与中部大安寨段页岩热演化及生烃差异,并探讨其对页岩油富集的影响。研究区大安寨段页岩现今热演化程度由西南向东北逐渐增高,平面上可分为高成熟区和成熟区。高成熟区位于研究区北部,镜质体反射率为1.3%~1.7%,主要发育Ⅲ型有机质,在晚侏罗世早期进入早期生油阶段,晚侏罗世末达到生烃高峰,存在2期生烃作用;成熟区位于研究区中—南部,镜质体反射率为0.9%~1.3%,主要发育Ⅱ1型—Ⅱ2型有机质,侏罗系沉积厚度相对较小,有机质成熟时期较晚,晚侏罗世末进入早期生油阶段,早白垩世进入生烃高峰,仅有1期生烃过程。相较于北部地区,中部地区沉积了大套的富有机质页岩,是大安寨段页岩油坚实的物质基础,但古近纪以来的构造抬升与地层剥蚀,对该区的油气保存具有一定的破坏作用。

低勘探程度地区烃源岩生烃特征研究——以渤海海域秦南凹陷为例

渤海海域秦南凹陷勘探程度低,亟需开展各洼陷烃源岩生烃特征的精细研究以揭示油气勘探潜力和勘探方向。基于地质类比方法,在合理选择地质模型及地质参数的基础上,利用BasinMod盆地模拟软件重建了秦南凹陷各洼陷烃源岩埋藏史、成熟度史和生烃史。结果表明,受差异性沉降和沉积的控制,东洼烃源岩成熟时间早且持续成熟时间长,现今已进入成熟—高成熟阶段(R_(o)=1.0%~2.0%),2次生烃作用分别发生在渐新世和中新世至今,生烃能力强;东南洼烃源岩成熟时间晚且持续成熟时间短,现今已进入中成熟阶段(R_(o)=0.7%~1.0%),主要生烃作用发生在中新世晚期至今,生烃能力强;西洼烃源岩普遍处于低成熟阶段(R_(o)<0.7%),主要生烃作用发生在上新世至今,生烃能力弱;层位上,各洼陷烃源岩生烃能力总体表现为沙三段>沙一段>东三段。秦南凹陷具有较好的油气勘探潜力,应紧紧围绕东洼和东南洼洼槽带及其斜坡带油气运移优势指向区选择有效圈闭进行钻探。

渤海海域烃源岩三峰接力生气特征及意义

渤海海域是当前和未来海上领域天然气勘探的重要方向,明确渤海海域天然气的生气机制、潜力和成藏机理,将有助于发展天然气成因理论和指导渤海海域油气勘探。通过渤海海域辽中凹陷典型烃源岩模拟实验,研究渤海海域主力烃源岩生气特征,建立渤海海域主力烃源岩生气模式;结合典型油气藏成藏机理解剖,识别不同类型天然气成藏规律,探讨天然气潜力和方向。研究认为:渤海海域沙三段II1型和II2型烃源岩具有三峰接力生气的特征,三期生气高峰分别对应Ro为1.0%(①)、1.5%(②)、2.7%(③),三个生气高峰呈现一种间歇式接力生气的特征,三个生气高峰对应的总产气量具有峰③≈峰②>峰①;渤海海域辽中凹陷普遍发育峰①、峰②阶段生成的天然气藏,其中峰①主要呈常压油气藏聚集于靠近烃源岩的斜坡带,峰②主要呈超压凝析气藏聚集于凸起带等构造高部,峰③形成的天然气只在局部井点有所发现,表明辽中凹陷深部烃源岩已经进入峰③阶段,具备形成大型过成熟气藏的潜力。

西湖凹陷玉泉构造油气成藏时空匹配关系研究

以地质录井资料为基础,结合流体包裹体、自生伊利石同位素等地球化学资料,运用平衡剖面、盆地模拟技术,研究玉泉构造断裂演化史、圈闭发育史、埋藏史、成岩史、生烃史、油气成藏史及其时空匹配关系。研究表明:玉泉构造经历了前挤压反转期、挤压反转早期和挤压反转晚期3个阶段,其中挤压反转早期和晚期为NWW向调节断层和圈闭发育、定型的关键阶段;花港组下段H6—H7自13.0 Ma以来油气持续充注成藏至今,储层物性较差,花港组上段为13.0~11.4 Ma和4.2 Ma至今两期油气充注成藏,且第二期为主要油气成藏期,储层物性较好,龙井组为3.4 Ma至今一期充注成藏,储层物性好。总结出玉泉构造寻找有利勘探目标的关键条件为:以花港组上段为勘探主要目的层,靠近早期发育的NNE油源断层,避开晚期NWW向调节断层,指出玉泉3井区北部、玉泉1井区北部花港组上段以及玉泉3井区NWW向断层上盘龙井组、玉泉1井区龙井组上段为有利勘探区。