Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In Ame...Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In American literature,China doesn't exist as a real country with a geographical location,but it exists in a virtual space in the world composed of cultural imagination. Literature is the reflected thought that can accommodate numerous social fields,and American literature can mostly reflect the overall cognition of different fields for Chinese image. This paper analyzes the characterization and cognition of Chinese image in the20thCentury American literature works,understanding the history and features of Chinese image in the 20thCentury American literature works,in order to obtain the enlightenment of how to better establish Chinese image.展开更多
Awareness of the digestive system began with the dawn of civilization, when man observing the feeding habits of animalsin the surrounding environment, experimented with foods, edible and inedible. Identity came with d...Awareness of the digestive system began with the dawn of civilization, when man observing the feeding habits of animalsin the surrounding environment, experimented with foods, edible and inedible. Identity came with discoveries of the digestive organs during the 16^th and 17^th centuries. Function was revealed by physiologic studies of digestion, absorption and secretion, metabolism, and motility during the 18^th and 19^th centuries. Diagnostic access improved with the technological advances of the 20^th century. Understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) disease followed growth of the basic sciences and gastroenterology's increased involvement in scientific research during the 20^th century.展开更多
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although th...Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the first clinical description of a constellation of symptoms highly resembling to what currently could be diagnosed as ADHD is generally attributed to George F Still in 1902, there are scattered but significant published historical medical, scientific and non-scientific reports, much prior to Still's lectures, of what is currently conceptualized as ADHD. The present report aimed at exploring the early history of ADHD, prior to the 20^(th) century in the medical literature and in other historical sources, to provide clinicians, researchers and other professionals with a better understanding of the roots and current conceptualization of this disorder. It is possible to find clues and highly suggestive descriptions of individuals presenting symptoms resembling what is currently defined as ADHD in the literature, in paintings or in the Bible. However, the earliest medical reports of individuals with abnormal degrees of inattention, distractibility and overactivity date from the last quarter of the 18^(th) century, included in two of the first textbooks specifically on the subject of mental diseases, published by the German Melchior Adam Weikard and the Scottish Sir Alexander Crichton. During the 19^(th) century some eminent physicians from Germany, France or Great Britain, such as Charles West, Thomas C Albutt, Thomas S Clouston, William W, Ireland, John Haslam, Heinrich Neumann, or Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, among others provided clinical depictions of patients that most likely presently would be diagnosed as having ADHD. Whilst some of the children described by Still and his predecessors may have suffered from a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, many of these patients showed clear symptoms of ADHD and may present with comorbid disorders, as it is commonly the case in clinical practice.展开更多
Architectures undergoing restoration often have numerous layers of color related to their history and previous interventions.Each layer takes on its own precise meaning related to a specific history and cultural conte...Architectures undergoing restoration often have numerous layers of color related to their history and previous interventions.Each layer takes on its own precise meaning related to a specific history and cultural context.The case of the Eiffel Tower becomes significant in illustrating past events and designing future intervention.展开更多
Intelligence-benefiting acupuncturerefers to the acupuncture-moxibustiontreatment of intellectual disturbances byremoving obstructions in channels andcollaterals,regulating yin and yang,andeliminating pathogenic facto...Intelligence-benefiting acupuncturerefers to the acupuncture-moxibustiontreatment of intellectual disturbances byremoving obstructions in channels andcollaterals,regulating yin and yang,andeliminating pathogenic factors to strengthenthe body resistance,with the effects ofstrengthening the brain,benefiting intelligence,展开更多
Modem landscape architecture discipline is not an emerging discipline.It has a very long history.After a long period of multidisciplinary integra-tion,it has formed a modem landscape architecture.In recent years,with ...Modem landscape architecture discipline is not an emerging discipline.It has a very long history.After a long period of multidisciplinary integra-tion,it has formed a modem landscape architecture.In recent years,with the development of society,the problems of environmental problems and economic structural imbalances have become more and more prominent and serious.Therefore,modern landscape architecture is also facing tremendous changes and is at the crossroads of discipline development.This paper analyzes and discusses the content and formation of modem landscape architecture,and points out the characteristics and importance of landscape architecture.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe“nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases ,ulcerative colitis and Crohn,s represent a group of heterogeneous inflammatory and ulcerative disases of the small and large intestines of unknown etiology ,...INTRODUCTIONThe“nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases ,ulcerative colitis and Crohn,s represent a group of heterogeneous inflammatory and ulcerative disases of the small and large intestines of unknown etiology ,associated with many gastrointestinal and systemic complications .Appearing initially as isolated cases in Great Britain and northern Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries ,they have steadily increased numerically and geographically and today are recognized worldwide.展开更多
It is of interest in an era of increasing biomedical sophisticaton to recall that a relatively short time ago, early in the 20th century, ‘simple' ulcerative colitis was an obscure ‘medical curiosity' emergi...It is of interest in an era of increasing biomedical sophisticaton to recall that a relatively short time ago, early in the 20th century, ‘simple' ulcerative colitis was an obscure ‘medical curiosity' emerging slowly from an unknown past. Crohn's disease was yet unidentified as a separate entity although careful review of the IBD literature documented its early presence, masquerading as ‘intestinal tuberculosis'. Into the 1930s, the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were unknown, and investigative hypotheses were scarce. Therapeutic resources were limited and treatment was primitive. At a time of limited biomedical knowledge and minimal clinical awareness, unsubstantiated views prevailed, including ‘vague reactions to foods' (sugar,margarine, corn flakes), deficiency of a ‘protective factor'in pig intestine, and psychiatric disease.展开更多
Since 1912,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)went through the stages of the struggle,foundation,and growth.The all-round developing TCM is academically progressing and promoted worldwide.Characteristics of the centenni...Since 1912,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)went through the stages of the struggle,foundation,and growth.The all-round developing TCM is academically progressing and promoted worldwide.Characteristics of the centennial development of TCM have cultural relevance,policy pertinency,mutual supplement between Chinese and western medicine and TCM is treatment directed by pattern diagnosis.Researches show that the historical inevitable development of TCM will benefit the people for generations to come when taken as a national strategy.展开更多
文摘Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In American literature,China doesn't exist as a real country with a geographical location,but it exists in a virtual space in the world composed of cultural imagination. Literature is the reflected thought that can accommodate numerous social fields,and American literature can mostly reflect the overall cognition of different fields for Chinese image. This paper analyzes the characterization and cognition of Chinese image in the20thCentury American literature works,understanding the history and features of Chinese image in the 20thCentury American literature works,in order to obtain the enlightenment of how to better establish Chinese image.
文摘Awareness of the digestive system began with the dawn of civilization, when man observing the feeding habits of animalsin the surrounding environment, experimented with foods, edible and inedible. Identity came with discoveries of the digestive organs during the 16^th and 17^th centuries. Function was revealed by physiologic studies of digestion, absorption and secretion, metabolism, and motility during the 18^th and 19^th centuries. Diagnostic access improved with the technological advances of the 20^th century. Understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) disease followed growth of the basic sciences and gastroenterology's increased involvement in scientific research during the 20^th century.
文摘Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the first clinical description of a constellation of symptoms highly resembling to what currently could be diagnosed as ADHD is generally attributed to George F Still in 1902, there are scattered but significant published historical medical, scientific and non-scientific reports, much prior to Still's lectures, of what is currently conceptualized as ADHD. The present report aimed at exploring the early history of ADHD, prior to the 20^(th) century in the medical literature and in other historical sources, to provide clinicians, researchers and other professionals with a better understanding of the roots and current conceptualization of this disorder. It is possible to find clues and highly suggestive descriptions of individuals presenting symptoms resembling what is currently defined as ADHD in the literature, in paintings or in the Bible. However, the earliest medical reports of individuals with abnormal degrees of inattention, distractibility and overactivity date from the last quarter of the 18^(th) century, included in two of the first textbooks specifically on the subject of mental diseases, published by the German Melchior Adam Weikard and the Scottish Sir Alexander Crichton. During the 19^(th) century some eminent physicians from Germany, France or Great Britain, such as Charles West, Thomas C Albutt, Thomas S Clouston, William W, Ireland, John Haslam, Heinrich Neumann, or Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, among others provided clinical depictions of patients that most likely presently would be diagnosed as having ADHD. Whilst some of the children described by Still and his predecessors may have suffered from a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, many of these patients showed clear symptoms of ADHD and may present with comorbid disorders, as it is commonly the case in clinical practice.
文摘Architectures undergoing restoration often have numerous layers of color related to their history and previous interventions.Each layer takes on its own precise meaning related to a specific history and cultural context.The case of the Eiffel Tower becomes significant in illustrating past events and designing future intervention.
文摘Intelligence-benefiting acupuncturerefers to the acupuncture-moxibustiontreatment of intellectual disturbances byremoving obstructions in channels andcollaterals,regulating yin and yang,andeliminating pathogenic factors to strengthenthe body resistance,with the effects ofstrengthening the brain,benefiting intelligence,
文摘Modem landscape architecture discipline is not an emerging discipline.It has a very long history.After a long period of multidisciplinary integra-tion,it has formed a modem landscape architecture.In recent years,with the development of society,the problems of environmental problems and economic structural imbalances have become more and more prominent and serious.Therefore,modern landscape architecture is also facing tremendous changes and is at the crossroads of discipline development.This paper analyzes and discusses the content and formation of modem landscape architecture,and points out the characteristics and importance of landscape architecture.
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe“nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases ,ulcerative colitis and Crohn,s represent a group of heterogeneous inflammatory and ulcerative disases of the small and large intestines of unknown etiology ,associated with many gastrointestinal and systemic complications .Appearing initially as isolated cases in Great Britain and northern Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries ,they have steadily increased numerically and geographically and today are recognized worldwide.
文摘It is of interest in an era of increasing biomedical sophisticaton to recall that a relatively short time ago, early in the 20th century, ‘simple' ulcerative colitis was an obscure ‘medical curiosity' emerging slowly from an unknown past. Crohn's disease was yet unidentified as a separate entity although careful review of the IBD literature documented its early presence, masquerading as ‘intestinal tuberculosis'. Into the 1930s, the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were unknown, and investigative hypotheses were scarce. Therapeutic resources were limited and treatment was primitive. At a time of limited biomedical knowledge and minimal clinical awareness, unsubstantiated views prevailed, including ‘vague reactions to foods' (sugar,margarine, corn flakes), deficiency of a ‘protective factor'in pig intestine, and psychiatric disease.
文摘Since 1912,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)went through the stages of the struggle,foundation,and growth.The all-round developing TCM is academically progressing and promoted worldwide.Characteristics of the centennial development of TCM have cultural relevance,policy pertinency,mutual supplement between Chinese and western medicine and TCM is treatment directed by pattern diagnosis.Researches show that the historical inevitable development of TCM will benefit the people for generations to come when taken as a national strategy.
