Screen Content Coding with Primary and Secondary Reference Buffers for String Matching and Copying

A screen content coding （SCC） algorithm that uses a primary reference buffer （PRB） and a secondary reference buffer （SRB） for string matching and string copying is proposed. PRB is typically the traditional reconstructed picture buffer which provides reference string pixels for the current pixels being coded. SRB stores a few of recently and frequently referenced pixels for repetitive reference by the current pixels being coded. In the encoder, searching of optimal reference string is performed in both PRB and SRB, and either a PRB or SRB string is selected as an optimal reference string on a string-by-string basis. Compared with HM-16.4＋SCM-40 reference software, the proposed SCC algorithm can improve coding performance measured by bit-distortion rate reduction of average 4.19% in all-intra configuration for text and graphics with motion category＇ of test sequences defined by JCT-VC common test condition.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biomechanical Analysis of Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Applied on Rotator Cuff Repair in Rabbits

Background： Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction （ADSVF） can be applied to repair tendon and ligament tears. ADSVF treatment has a better therapeutic potential than adipose stem cells alone in promoting the healing of connective tissue injury in rabbit models. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and biomechanical testing were used in this study to evaluate the efficiency of SVF in the healing of tendon-bone interface of a rotator cuff injury after reattachment. Methods： A total of 36 rabbits were studied between March and June 2016, 18 rabbits received the SVF-fibrin glue （SVF-FG） treatment and the other 18 formed the control group. ADSVF was isolated from each rabbit. A bilateral amputation of the supraspinatus tendon and parallel reconstruction was also performed on all the 36 rabbits. Then, a mixture of SVF and FG was injected into the tendon-bone interface of the SVF-FG group, whereas the control group only received FG. Tile animals were randomly sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery （n = 6 per group）, respectively. The shoulders were prepared for MRI scanning and analysis of biomechanical properties. Analyses of variance were pertbrmed using SPSS 13.0. Results： MRI scanning showed that the signal-to-noise quotient of the SVF-FG group was not significantly higher than that of the control group at either 4 （20.1 ± 3.6 vs. 18.2 ± 3.4, F = 1.570, P = 0.232） or 8 weeks （20.7 ±3.3 vs. 18.0 ± 3.0, F = 2.162, P = 0.117） posttreatment, and only became significant after 12 weeks （27.5± 4.6 vs. 22.1 ± 1.9, F 4.968, P = 0.009）. Biomechanical properties such as the maximum load, maximum strength, and the stiffness for the SVF-FG group were significantly greater than that for the control group at 8 weeks＇ posttreatment （maximum load： 166.89 ± 11.62 N vs. 99.40 ± 5.70 N, P 〈 0.001： maximum strength： 8.22 ± 1.90 N/ram vs. 5.82 ±0.68 N/ram, P 〈 0.010： and the stiffness： 34.85±3.00 Pa vs. 24.57±5.72 Pa, P 〈 0.010）. Conclusion： Local application of ADSVF might lead to better tendon-bone healing in rabbit models.

High-resolution 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in Chinese Wrists： Correlation with Cross-sectional Anatomy

Background：The injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex （TFCC） is a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain.The aim of this study was to investigate if the high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） could demonstrate the detailed complex anatomy of TFCC in Chinese.Methods：Fourteen Chinese cadaveric wrists （from four men and three women;age range at death from 30 to 60 years;mean age at 46 years） and forty healthy Chinese wrists （from 20 healthy volunteers,male/female：10/10;age range from 21 to 53 years with a mean age of 32 years） in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were included in this study.All cadavers and volunteers had magnetic resonance （MR） examination of the wrist with coronal T 1-weighted and proton density-weighted imaging with fat suppression in three planes,respectively.MR arthrography （MRAr） was performed on one of the cadaveric wrists.Subsequently,all 14 cadaveric wrists were sliced into 2 mm thick slab with band saw （six in coronal plane,four in sagittal plane,and four in axial plane）.The MRI features of normal TFCC were analyzed in these specimens and forty healthy wrists.Results：Triangular fibrocartilage,the ulnar collateral ligament,and the meniscal homolog could be best observed on images in coronal plane.The palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments were best evaluated in transverse plane.The ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligaments were best visualized in sagittal plane.The latter two structures and the volar and dorsal capsules were better demonstrated on MRAr.Conclusion：High-resolution 3T MRI is capable to show the detailed complex anatomy of the TFCC and can provide valuable information for the clinical diagnosis in Chinese.

Clinical Analysis of Intraperitoneal Lymphangioma

Background： lntraperitoneal lymphangioma （IL） used to be thought of as a benign lymphatic malformation with a low rate of preoperative diagnosis. This retrospective study aimed to explore the connection between the cysts and clinical manifestation and imaging characteristics, and to study diagnostic confusion, therapeutic principles and potential recurrent reasons, to further enhance the comprehension of this rare disease. Methods： Here, we retrospectively reviewed 21 patients diagnosed with IL. Age, sex, complaints, physical findings, and imaging features of each patient were documented. The therapies, postoperative complications and treatments were discussed. Results： Symptomatology included eight patients （38%） with intermittent dull pain in the abdomen, and three patients （14%） complained of abdominal persistent pain. The physical examination revealed an abdominal mass in 16 patients （76%）, and eight （38%） were reported no discomfort, IL was correctly established preoperatively in 19 patients （90%）. Patients were treated using laparotomy, except one who was treated with laparoscopy. Two recurrences were noted during follow-up. Conclusions： IL should be suspected in any patient with a mobile abdominal mass and surgery is required immediately after discovery of the tumor.