BP neural network model on the forecast for blasting vibrating parameters in the course of hole-by-hole detonation

According to the neural network theory, combined with the technical characteristicsof the hole-by-hole detonation technology, a BP network model on the forecast forblasting vibration parameters was built.Taking the deep hole stair demolition in a mine asan experimental object and using the raw information and the blasting vibration monitoringdata collected in the process of the hole-by-hole detonation, carried out some training andapplication work on the established BP network model through the Matlab software, andachieved good effect.Also computed the vibration parameter with the empirical formulaand the BP network model separately.After comparing with the actual value, it is discoveredthat the forecasting result by the BP network model is close to the actual value.

Air-Decking Technique in Bench Blasting

The mechanism and the design parameters of blasting with air-decking are studied. The theory of detonation waves is used to investigate the processes of the one-dimensional plane detonation wave within a borehole. The interac- tion of the rarefaction wave with an interface and reflection on a rigid wall is also analyzed. The same courses of the shock wave are also investigated. This decides the distribution of the pressure of the explosion products changing with time along the borehole. Based on the above theoretical analysis, two conditions should be met for a reasonable range of values of the air-decking ratio in blasting rock. First, the rarefaction wave from the contact interface between detonation products and air reaches the bottom earlier than that of the reflected shock wave from the end of the stemming. Second, the reflected shock wave reaches the contact interface between the detonation products and air earlier than that of the reflected rarefaction wave from the bottom of the borehole. Finally, the reasonable value of the air-decking ratio must be decided theoretically in air-decking blasting. For different explosives, the reasonable range of air-decking ratio varies from 0.15 to 0.4. This result is well consistent with what was obtained by previous researchers.

New technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast

After 8 yrs lab experiments and field tests, an advanced technique for identifying varieties resistance to rice blast was developed by a research group in Plant Protection Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With this technique, the inoculum was prepared on a maize-rice-straw-agar media which was suitable for sporulation of most rice blast pathogen isolates. To avoid possible virulence variation during the vegetative growth, the conidia were harvested and preserved for later different sets of resistance evaluation tests. A simple and precise new method—smear inoculation was used for infection. The experi-

Analysis of the blasting effect on the electric shove loading efficiency of the open pit

The connection between blasting cost and comprehensive cost is the main concern.Some blasting effect factors (such as unit explosive consumption,uniformity of blockness,shape and porosity of blasting heap),which had an influence on electric shove loading efficiency,were analyzed.In the end a project to properly increase in blasting cost to decrease the comprehensive cost was put forward.At the same time,the hole-by-hole blasting is effective technology to improve blasting effect.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation into Plane Charge Explosion Technique

Plane charge explosion technique (PCET) is one of the major techniques frequently used in large-scale blast-resistant structure tests. An FEM model was established, which can simulate the process of air releasing from the blast cavity. The effects of the charge density, the interval of the charge strip, the distance of the charges from the structure, and the mass of backfill soil on the overpressures applied on the tested structures were analyzed by the FEM model. The quantitative relationships between the peak value and the duration of the overpressure and the above-mentioned affecting parameters were established. Agreement between numerical results and the test data was obtained.

保护层复合消-聚能一次开挖爆破技术试验研究

坝基保护层的开挖需要同时兼顾建基面的开挖成型质量和快速施工的要求。基于巴基斯坦DBDP(迪阿莫-巴沙)水电站导流明渠基础保护层开挖,提出在炮孔底部安装空心铁球和铺设消能材料的复合消-聚能爆破技术,采用理论分析、数值模拟方法分析了该技术的能量控制原理,并结合现场试验研究了该技术的可行性及爆破参数的影响。结果表明:复合消-聚能爆破技术通过爆炸冲击波在不同界面上的多次透反射,实现爆炸能量的控制和利用,相较于常规垫层爆破孔底消能效果提高20%,孔间聚能效果提高18.5%,有效地减轻了对底部岩体的损伤;在现场试验条件下,采用复合消-聚能爆破技术的开挖成型效果和采用传统分层开挖方法相比接近,但施工速度可提高3~4倍,同时,通过适当减小炮孔间排距,可显著提升开挖成型效果。

亚吉铁路吉布提多哈雷多功能港石方控制爆破技术

吉布提多哈雷港多功能港口是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”西线的关键节点,其建设对于促进区域互联互通与经济发展具有战略意义。为实现该项目建设过程高效、安全且环保的土石方作业,本文采用深孔与浅孔相结合的联合控制爆破技术进行松动爆破。通过计算爆破参数以及构建毫秒微差起爆网路,实现爆破能量的有序释放与有效控制,以最大限度地降低爆破振动、飞石等有害效应,保护周边设施与环境安全。

环境敏感区桥梁扩大基础静态爆破参数研究

内罗毕国家公园特大桥横跨生态环境极为敏感的国家公园区域,计划在扩大基础岩体时采用静态爆破技术,但桥梁基础的岩石构成了公园区域的无自由边界,针对此,文章选取了装药孔孔径、布孔方式、孔距与排距和空孔孔距等参数,通过数值模拟的方法进行无自由边界静态爆破技术的参数研究,给出了用于指导该桥墩台扩大基础开挖的静态爆破参数取值。

Mitigation of blast loadings on structures by an anti-blast plastic water wall

Seven in-situ tests were carried out in far field to study the blast mitigation effect of a kind of water filled plastic wall. Test results show that the mitigation effect of water filled plastic wall is remarkable. The maximum reduction of peak reflected overpressure reaches up to 94.53%, as well as 36.3% of the minimum peak reflected overpressure reduction in the scaled distance ranging from 1.71 m/kg1/3 to 3.42 m/kg1/3. Parametric studies were also carried out. The effects of the scaled gauge height, water/charge scaled distance(the distance between the explosive charge and the water wall), water wall scaled height and water/structure scaled distance(the distance between the water wall and the structure) were systematically investigated and compared with the usual rigid anti-blast wall. It is concluded that these parameters affect the mitigation effects of plastic water wall on blast loadings significantly, which is basically consistent to the trend of usual rigid anti-blast wall. Some formulae are also derived based on the numerical and test results, providing a simple but reliable prediction model to evaluate the peak overpressure of mitigated blast loadings on the structures.

Enhancing rock fragmentation prediction in mining operations:A hybrid GWO-RF model with SHAP interpretability

In the mining industry,precise forecasting of rock fragmentation is critical for optimising blasting processes.In this study,we address the challenge of enhancing rock fragmentation assessment by developing a novel hybrid predictive model named GWO-RF.This model combines the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm with the random forest(RF)technique to predict the D_(80)value,a critical parameter in evaluating rock fragmentation quality.The study is conducted using a dataset from Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine,employing six different swarm sizes for the GWO-RF hybrid model construction.The GWO-RF model’s hyperparameters are systematically optimized within established bounds,and its performance is rigorously evaluated using multiple evaluation metrics.The results show that the GWO-RF hybrid model has higher predictive skills,exceeding traditional models in terms of accuracy.Furthermore,the interpretability of the GWO-RF model is enhanced through the utilization of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values.The insights gained from this research contribute to optimizing blasting operations and rock fragmentation outcomes in the mining industry.

复杂地质条件下隧洞无爆破掘进技术研究

针对特殊、复杂不良地质条件下小断面隧洞掘进问题,以张掖市甘州区酥油口下库工程引水隧洞为例,对隧洞无爆破掘进技术展开研究。根据工程地质条件确定支护措施,在Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V类围岩变化不确定状态下,采用悬臂式掘进机作为施工坚硬岩层的无爆破破岩方法。研究结果表明,对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V类围岩,悬臂式掘进机利用率随着围岩类别降低,净掘进速度明显提高;对V类砂卵砾石围岩,悬臂式掘进机单循环掘进及一衬速率达到约7.0 m/d;施工效果较好。

水压爆破技术在水工隧洞施工中的应用

针对水工隧洞中常规爆破施工技术中存在的效率低、成本高等施工问题,开展水工隧洞中采用水压爆破技术的研究与评价具有重要的工程意义。依托秦岭输水隧洞工程,通过现场爆破实际监测数据分析评价了水工隧洞中的水压爆破施工工艺、炸药使用量、粉尘浓度、留孔痕迹以及爆破效果。研究表明,水压爆破在水工隧洞开挖中具有广泛应用的巨大潜力,其较常规爆破的炮眼利用率提高了13.3%,爆破后粉尘浓度降低了47.2%。

岩质边坡地质灾害治理中爆破技术的应用分析

岩质边坡地质灾害治理中爆破技术应用广泛,爆破技术能够快速、高效地瓦解岩石,加速地质灾害治理进程。相比传统的人工采石或机械拆除,爆破技术可以大幅节省时间和人力成本。通过合理的爆破设计和参数控制,可以实现对岩石的精确瓦解和控制破碎范围,减少对周围环境的影响,降低治理风险。基于此,文章在对边坡地质灾害治理及爆破技术进行概述的基础上,对岩质边坡地质灾害治理中爆破技术的应用进行研究,提出岩质边坡地质灾害治理中爆破施工的控制建议。

铁路长大隧道下穿马家田尾矿库施工技术探究

攀枝花马家田尾矿库位于攀枝花市仁和区阿署达村,该尾矿库为原亚洲第一尾矿库,施工过程中采用了爆破、灌浆等一系列施工技术。以冉家湾隧道下穿马家田尾矿库为例,介绍了隧道的施工技术内容,包括隧道下穿尾矿影响段、下穿尾矿段、下穿引水洞段采取的控制爆破方案和注浆方案,希望能够为相关人士和同类工程提供参考。

柳钢3号高炉炉缸侵蚀现状探究

随着高炉大修后对炉缸侵蚀现状的研究不断深入,高炉长寿技术取得了长足的进步。通过对柳钢3号高炉炉缸侵蚀情况进行分析,研究不同侵蚀区域的侵蚀状态,从炉缸侵蚀机理、死铁层、中心死料柱及高炉操作技术等方面重点分析侵蚀原因,为高炉炉缸结构的设计和高炉操作技术的发展提供参考。

高炉煤气和助燃空气“双预热”提高高炉风温的研究

介绍了以放散的高炉煤气在燃烧炉燃烧产生的烟气作热源，同时预热高炉煤气和空气的“双预热”方法，将煤气与空气预热至３００℃，实现１２００℃以上高炉风温。与其它提高风温工艺相比较，“双预热”工艺更适合大多数钢铁企业实现高风温，而且可以减少环境污染，有着良好的推广前景。

山区高等级公路石方爆破施工技术研究

按工程类型、地形和地质条件、爆破方法等因素对山区高等级公路石方工程进行了全面分类．根据现代控制爆破理论，提出了山区高等级公路石方爆破施工的系列关键技术，并运用于八达岭高速公路等工程中，均取得了良好的效果．

含钛高炉渣中钛组分的绿色分离技术

介绍了从含钛高炉渣中回收钛的绿色分离技术.该技术包括三个连续的单元操作过程:(1)促使渣中分散于各矿物相的钛组分选择性转移并富集于设计的矿物相-钙钛矿,实现“选择性富集;”(2)促进熔渣中富集相-钙钛矿的“选择性析出与长大;”(3)改性渣经选矿分离处理,完成“富集相-钙钛矿”的“选择性分离”.该技术特点是清洁,低成本和处理能力大.

空气间隔装药爆破机理研究

利用爆轰波理论分析了空气间隔装药炮孔内一维不定常激波的相互作用及其在炮孔堵头、孔底的反射过程,同时分析了孔内各点的压力随时间的变化过程,介绍了空气间隔装药爆破的机理及设计参数。基于此,认为应充分利用空气间隔爆破结构的优势,并在梯段爆破中满足以下两个条件:(1)在设计过程中要尽量使稀疏波及从孔底反射的稀疏波传播过程能在整个孔内每一断面都作用到,即稀疏波到达孔底的时间要比从堵头反射的压力波到达孔底要早;(2)反射压力波应该到达空气与爆生气体接触面的时间比从孔底反射的稀疏波到达空气与爆生气体接触面的时间要早。由此通过计算得到了在梯段爆破工程中合理的空气层长度比例值约为30%～42%。计算结论与已有实测成果基本一致。

矿岩爆破图像二值化分割技术的研究与选择

爆破块度图像分析法是当前爆破块度统计的重要方法,图像分割技术是该分析方法的关键与难点。针对爆堆及块石图像的特殊性,研究了基于二值化的矿岩爆破图像分割技术,分析了阈值分割、区域生长分割、标记分水岭分割等当前主要的图像分割方法。通过研究图像上同一截面灰度值切片的变换与矿块实际边缘的吻合程度,发现数学形态学分割方法得到的二值图像边界清晰、断点少,相对于门限法更适用于爆破块度图像,其生成的二值化图像层次清晰,便于像素特征的提取。图像分割先进技术的应用,对于实现矿岩爆破图像块度分析的智能化提供了广阔的空间。