MOF‑Derived CoSe2@N‑Doped Carbon Matrix Confined in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres as High‑Performance Anodes for Potassium‑Ion Batteries

In this work,a novel vacuum-assisted strategy is proposed to homogenously form Metal-organic frameworks within hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres(HMCSs)via a solid-state reaction.The method is applied to synthesize an ultrafine CoSe2 nanocrystal@N-doped carbon matrix confined within HMCSs(denoted as CoSe2@NC/HMCS)for use as advanced anodes in highperformance potassium-ion batteries(KIBs).The approach involves a solvent-free thermal treatment to form a Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-67)within the HMCS templates under vacuum conditions and the subsequent selenization.Thermal treatment under vacuum facilitates the infiltration of the cobalt precursor and organic linker into the HMCS and simultaneously transforms them into stable ZIF-67 particles without any solvents.During the subsequent selenization process,the“dual confinement system”,composed of both the N-doped carbon matrix derived from the organic linker and the small-sized pores of HMCS,can effectively suppress the overgrowth of CoSe2 nanocrystals.Thus,the resulting uniquely structured composite exhibits a stable cycling performance(442 mAh g^−1 at 0.1 A g^−1 after 120 cycles)and excellent rate capability(263 mAh g^−1 at 2.0 A g^−1)as the anode material for KIBs.

Hollow mesoporous polyaniline nanoparticles with high drug payload and robust photothermal capability for cancer combination therapy

In recent years,synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy has revealed promising potential in treatments against various kinds of cancer.However,the development of superb photothermal agents with high drug loading capacity is still highly required.In this work,a hollow mesoporous polyaniline nanoparticle(HPANI NP)has been developed for encapsulating chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin(DOX)with an remarkable drug loading content as high as 37.5%.Additional PEG modification endowed the drugloaded HPANI NPs with improved water-dispersibility and bioavailability.Such PEG-HPANI-DOX NPs exhibited strong NIR absorbance and robust photothermal conversion capacity,exhibiting highly efficient synergistic cancer treatment.More interestingly,the responsively released DOX molecules could emit strong red fluorescence,which could be employed to monitor the cellular endocytosis and drug release profile of PEG-HPANI-DOX NPs.Finally,the as-fabricated NPs showed good biocompatibility and low toxicity,serving as a promising nanoagent for highly efficient drug delivery and cancer combination therapy.

Dual responsive block copolymer coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for glucose-mediated transcutaneous drug delivery

A self-regulated anti-diabetic drug release device mimicking pancreatic cells is highly desirable for the therapy of diabetes. Herein, a glucose-mediated dual-responsive drug delivery system, which combines pH-and H_(2)O_(2)-responsive block copolymer grafted hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles(HMSNs)with microneedle(MN) array patch, has been developed to achieve self-regulated administration.The poly[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl acrylate]-b-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate](PPBEM-b-PDM) polymer serves as gate keeper to prevent drug release from the cavity of HMSNs at normoglycemic level. In contrast, the drug release rate is significantly enhanced upon H_(2)O_(2)and pH stimuli due to the chemical change of H_(2)O_(2)sensitive PPBEM block and acid responsive PDM block. Therefore, incorporation of anti-diabetic drug and glucose oxidase(GOx, which can oxidize glucose to gluconic acid and in-situ produce H_(2)O_(2)) into stimulus polymer coated HMSNs results in a glucose-mediated MN device after depositing the drug-loaded nanoparticles into MN array patch. Both in vitro and in vivo results show this MN device presents a glucose mediated self-regulated drug release characteristic, which possesses a rapid drug release at hyperglycemic level but retarded drug release at normoglycemic level. The result indicates that the fabricated smart drug delivery system is a good candidate for the therapy of diabetes.

Bioinspired Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Coating on Titanium Alloy with Hierarchical Structure for Modulating Cellular Functions

3D-printed Porous Titanium Alloy Implants(pTi),owing to their biologically inertness and relatively smooth surface morphology,adversely affect the biological functions of surrounding cells.To address the challenges,constructing a bioinspired interface that mimics the hierarchical structure of bone tissue can enhance the cellular functions of cells.In this context,Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles(HMSNs),renowned for their unique physicochemical properties and superior biocompatibility,offer a promising direction for this research.In this research,the initially synthesized HMSNs were used to construct a“hollow-mesoporous-macroporous”hierarchical bioinspired coating on the pTi surface through the Layer-by-Layer technique.Simultaneously,diverse morphologies of coatings were established by adjusting the deposition strategy of PDDA/HMSNs on the pTi surface(pTi-HMSN-2,pTi-HMSN-4,pTi-HMSN-6).A range of techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties and regulation of cellular biological functions of the diverse HMSN coating strategies.Notably,the pTi-HMSN-4 and pTi-HMSN-6 groups exhibited the uniform coatings,leading to a substantial enhancement in surface roughness and hydrophilicity.Meantime,the coating constructed strategy of pTi-HMSN-4 possessed commendable stability.Based on the aforementioned findings,both pTi-HMSN-4 and pTi-HMSN-6 facilitated the adhesion,spreading,and pseudopodia extension of BMSCs,which led to a notable upsurge in the expression levels of vinculin protein in BMSCs.Comprehensive analysis indicates that the coating,when PDDA/HMSNs are deposited four times,possesses favorable overall performance.The research will provide a solid theoretical basis for the translation of HMSN bioinspired coatings for orthopedic implants.

Core-shell mesoporous carbon hollow spheres as Se hosts for advanced Al-Se batteries

Incorporating a selenium(Se)positive electrode into aluminum(Al)-ion batteries is an effective strategy for improving the overall battery performance.However,the cycling stability of Se positive electrodes has challenges due to the dissolution of intermediate reaction products.In this work,we aim to harness the advantages of Se while reducing its limitations by preparing a core-shell mesoporous carbon hollow sphere with a titanium nitride(C@TiN)host to load 63.9wt%Se as the positive electrode material for Al-Se batteries.Using the physical and chemical confinement offered by the hollow mesoporous carbon and TiN,the obtained core-shell mesoporous carbon hollow spheres coated with Se(Se@C@TiN)display superior utilization of the active material and remarkable cycling stability.As a result,Al-Se batteries equipped with the as-prepared Se@C@TiN composite positive electrodes show an initial discharge specific capacity of 377 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density of 1000 mA·g^(-1)while maintaining a discharge specific capacity of 86.0 mAh·g^(-1)over 200 cycles.This improved cycling performance is ascribed to the high electrical conductivity of the core-shell mesoporous carbon hollow spheres and the unique three-dimensional hierarchical architecture of Se@C@TiN.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate/mineralization precursors co-delivery hollow mesoporous nanosystem for synergistic manipulation of dentin exposure

As a global public health focus,oral health plays a vital role in facilitating overall health.Defected teeth characterized by exposure of dentin generally increase the risk of aggravating oral diseases.The exposed dentinal tubules provide channels for irritants and bacterial invasion,leading to dentin hypersensitivity and even pulp inflammation.Cariogenic bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on dentin are responsible for tooth demineralization and caries.It remains a clinical challenge to achieve the integration of tubule occlusion,collagen mineralization,and antibiofilm functions for managing exposed dentin.To address this issue,an epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and poly(allylamine)-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate(PAH-ACP)co-delivery hollow mesoporous silica(HMS)nanosystem(E/PA@HMS)was herein developed.The application of E/PA@HMS effectively occluded the dentinal tubules with acid-and abrasion-resistant stability and inhibited the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.Intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils and remineralization of demineralized dentin were induced by E/PA@HMS.The odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp cells with high biocompatibility were also promoted.Animal experiments showed that E/PA@HMS durably sealed the tubules and inhibited biofilm growth up to 14 days.Thus,the development of the E/PA@HMS nanosystem provides promising benefits for protecting exposed dentin through the coordinated manipulation of dentin caries and hypersensitivity.

2H-MoS_(2)Modified Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres as the Efficient Catalytic Cathode Catalyst for Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

Developing excellent cathode catalysts with superior catalytic activities is essential for the practical application of aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries(LOBs).Herein,we successfully synthesized nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres encapsulated with molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))nanosheets as the cathode catalyst for rechargeable LOBs,and the relationship between the battery performance and structural characteristics was intensively researched.We found that the synergistic effect of the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon and MoS_(2)nanosheets endows superior electrocatalytic activities to the composite catalyst.On the one hand,the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon could enable fast charge transfer and effectively accommodate more discharging products in the composite skeleton.On the other hand,the thin MoS_(2)nanosheets could promote mass transportation to facilitate the revisable formation and decomposition of the Li2O2 during oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction,and the side reactions were also prevented,apparently due to their full coverage on the composite surfaces.As a result,the catalytic cathode loaded with 2H-MoS_(2)-modified nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in terms of large discharge-/charge-specific capacities with low overpotentials and extended cycling life,and they hold great promise for acting as the cathode catalyst for high-performance LOBs.

Heterointerface engineering of Ru/RuS_(2) on N/S-doped hollow mesoporous carbon for promoting alkaline hydrogen evolution

Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) suffers from a sluggish kinetic,which requires the elaborate catalytic interface and micro-nanoscale architecture engineering of the electrocatalysts to accelerate the water dissociation and hydrogen evolution.Herein,the heterointerface engineering was proposed for promoting the alkaline HER by constructing the highly exposed Ru/RuS_(2) heterostructures homogeneously distributed on hollow N/S-doped carbon microspheres (Ru/RuS_(2)@h-NSC).Benefited from the synergistic effect of heterointerfacial Ru/RuS_(2),the high accessibility of the active sites on both inner and outer surface of mesoporous shells and the efficient mass transport,Ru/RuS_(2)@h-NSC affords a remarkable catalytic performance with an overpotential of 26 mV@10 mA/cm^(2) for alkaline HER,outperforming most of the state-of-the-art catalysts.Further applying Ru/RuS_(2)@h-NSC and its oxidized derivate for the overall alkaline water splitting,the required cell voltage is much lower than that of the commercial Pt/C||RuO_(2)pair to achieve the same current density.Our study may allow us to guide the design of micro-nanoreactors with optimal catalytic interfaces for promising electrocatalytic applications.

Inorganic hollow mesoporous spheres-based delivery for antimicrobial agents

Microorganisms coexist with human beings and have formed a complex relationship with us.However,the abnormal spread of pathogens can cause infectious diseases thus demands antibacterial agents.Currently available antimicrobials,such as silver ions,antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics,have diverse concerns in chemical stability,biocompatibility,or triggering drug resistance.The“encapsulate-and-deliver”strategy can protect antimicrobials against decomposing,so to avoid large dose release induced resistance and achieve the controlled release.Considering loading capacity,engineering feasibility,and economic viability,inorganic hollow mesoporous spheres(iHMSs)represent one kind of promising and suitable candidates for real-life antimicrobial applications.Here we reviewed the recent research progress of iHMSs-based antimicrobial delivery.We summarized the synthesis of iHMSs and the drug loading method of various antimicrobials,and discussed the future applications.To prevent and mitigate the spread of an infective disease,multilateral coordination at the national level is required.Moreover,developing effective and practicable antimicrobials is the key to enhancing our capability to eliminate pathogenic microbes.We believe that our conclusion will be beneficial for researches on the antimicrobial delivery in both lab and mass production phases.

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution efficiently boosted by interfacial charge redistribution in Ru/MoSe_(2) embedded mesoporous hollow carbon spheres

The strong metal-support interaction inducing combined effect plays a crucial role in the catalysis reaction. Herein, we revealed that the combined advantages of MoSe_(2), Ru, and hollow carbon spheres in the form of Ru nanoparticles(NPs) anchored on a two-dimensionally ordered MoSe_(2) nanosheet-embedded mesoporous hollow carbon spheres surface(Ru/MoSe_(2)@MHCS) for the largely boosted hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) performance. The combined advantages from the conductive support, oxyphilic MoSe_(2), and Ru active sites imparted a strong synergistic effect and charge redistribution in the Ru periphery which induced high catalytic activity, stability, and kinetics for HER. Specifically, the obtained Ru/MoSe_(2)@MHCS required a small overpotential of 25.5 and 38.4 mV to drive the kinetic current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)both in acid and alkaline media, respectively, which was comparable to that of the Pt/C catalyst. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the charge transfer from MoSe_(2) to Ru NPs enriched the electronic density of Ru sites and thus facilitated hydrogen adsorption and water dissociation. The current work showed the significant interfacial engineering in Ru-based catalysts development and catalysis promotion effect understanding via the metal-support interaction.

Construction of hollow mesoporous ZnMn2O4/C microspheres with carbon nanotubes embedded in shells for high-performance aqueous zinc ions batteries

Recently,rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have been considered as the future development direction of large-scale energy storage due to their low price,safety,environmental friendliness,and excellent electrochemical performance.However,highcapacity,long-cycle stable cathode materials that can meet the demand are still to be developed.Herein,the hollow mesoporous ZnMn2O4/C microsphere cathode material with carbon nanotubes embedded in the shell was prepared by spray pyrolysis for the first time.Its capacity remained at 209.71 mAh·g−1 after 150 cycles at a rate of 0.5 A·g−1,and still maintained a specific capacity of 100.06 mAh·g−1 at a rate of 1 A·g−1 after 1,000 cycles.The outstanding performance is attributed to the hollow structure that can effectively buffer large volume changes caused by ion intercalation and deintercalation,excellent porosity,cationic defects,and high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes and its strong adsorption to ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles.

Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers employed in cancer therapy: A review

Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles(HMSNs)have become an attractive drug carrier because of their unique characteristics including stable physicochemical properties,large specific surface area and facile functionalization,especially made into intelligent drug delivery systems(DDSs)for cancer therapy.HMSNS are employed to transport traditional anti-tumor drugs,which can solve the problems of drugs with instability,poor solubility and lack of recognition,etc.,while significantly improving the anti-tumor effect.And an unexpected good result will be obtained by combining functional molecules and metal species with HMSNs for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Actually,HMSNs-based DDSS have developed relatively mature in recent years.This review briefly describes how to successfully prepare an ordinary HMSNs-based DDS,as well as its degradation,different stimuli-responses,targets and combination therapy.These versatile intelligent nanoparticles show great potential in clinical aspects.

Polymer-grafted hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles integrated with microneedle patches for glucose-responsive drug delivery

A glucose-mediated drug delivery system would be highly satisfactory fordiabetes diagnosis since it can intelligently release drug based on blood glucose levels.Herein,a glucose-responsive drug delivery system by integrating glucose-responsivepoly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid)(PAPBA)functionalized hollow mesoporous silicananoparticles(HMSNs)with transcutaneous microneedles(MNs)has been designed.Thegrafted PAPBA serves as gatekeeper to prevent drug release from HMSNs atnormoglycemic levels.In contrast,faster drug release is detected at a typicalhyperglycemic level,which is due to the change of hydrophilicity of PAPBA at highglucose concentration.After transdermal administration to diabetic rats,an effectivehypoglycemic effect is achieved compared with that of subcutaneous injection.Theseobservations indicate that the designed glucose-responsive drug delivery system has apotential application in diabetes treatment.

Fabrication linalool-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica spheres nanoparticles for efficiently enhance bactericidal activity

To develop a novel food preservation technology for efficiently enhance bactericidal activity in a long term,hollow mesoporous silica spheres(HMSS)with regular nanostructures were applied to encapsulate natural organic antimicrobial agents.The chemical structures,morphologies and thermal stabilities of linalool,HMSS and linalool-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica spheres(L-HMSS)nanoparticles were evaluated by polarimeter,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),thermal gravimetric analyzer(TGA),nitrogen adsorption-desorption,zeta potential and small angle X-ray diffraction(SXRD).The results show that the linalool was successfully introduced into the cavities of HMSS,and the inorganic host exhibited a high loading capacity of about 1500 mg/g.In addition,after 48 h of incubatio n,the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC)of L-HMSS against Escherichia coli(E.coli),Salmonella enterica(S.enterica)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)were decreased to be 4(<5)mg/mL and 8(<10)mg/mL,respectively.These results revealed linaloolfunctionalized hollow mesoporous spheres could efficiently improve the bactericidal activities of the organic component.Furthermore,SEM images clearly showed that L-HMSS indeed had an extremely inhibitory effect against gram-negative(E.coli)and gram-positive(S.aureus)by breaking the structure of the cell membrane.This research is of great significance in the application of linalool in nano-delivery system as well as food industry.

Dual-stimuli responsive near-infrared emissive carbon dots/hollow mesoporous silica-based integrated theranostics platform for real-time visualized drug delivery

Due to better penetrating abilities of near-infrared (NIR) light and lower autofluorescence of biological tissue at NIR region, the combination of NIR fluorescent imaging with therapeutic abilities has gradually emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, tumor microenvironment (TME) sensitive nanocarriers based on doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), NIR emitting carbon dots (C-dots), hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) and anionic polymer citraconic anhydride-modified polylysine (PLL(cit)) are fabricated for imaging guided drug delivery. The NIR emitting C-dots were conjugated onto the surface of HMSN via disulfide bonds which can be reduced by intracellular glutathione (GSH) and result in the release of DOX into cells. And then the PLL(cit) was grafted on the surface of the nanocarriers to endow the nanocarriers with charge convertible property in mildly acidic TME (pH = 6.50) which results in prolonged blood circulation time and enhanced cellular internalization. The in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that the dual pH/GSH responsive features of nanocarriers can eliminate the tumor tissues effectively and elicit much slighter side effects. Moreover, since the fluorescence of C-dots can be recovered after the reduction of disulfide bonds and selectively accumulation of nanocarriers around tumor tissue, the DOX@HMSN-SS-C-dots-PLL(cit) can be served as a promising NIR fluorescence probe for targeted imaging of tumor tissue. As a kind of multifunctional nanocarrier with NIR fluorescent imaging and therapeutic functions, the theranostic nanocarriers hold great potential for tumor therapy and in vivo imaging of tumor tissue.

Hollow mesoporous Ia3d silica nanospheres with single- unit-cell-thick shell： Spontaneous formation and drug delivery application

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） are promising for drug delivery and other biomedical applications owing to their excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility. For these applications, a hollow morphology with thin shell and open mesopores is preferred for MSNs in order to maximize the loading capacity of drugs. Herein we report a novel and direct synthesis of such an ideal drug delivery system in a dilute and alkaline solution of benzylcetyl- dimethylammonium chloride and diethylene glycol hexadecyl ether. The mixed surfactants can guide the formation of MSNs with cubic Ia3d mesostructure, and at a concentration of sodium hydroxide between 9.8 and 13.5 mM, hollow MSNs with uniform sizes of 90-120 nm and a single-unit-cell-thick shell are formed. A mechanism for the formation of the hollow Ia3d MSNs, designated as MMT-2, is proposed based on in situ small-angle X-ray scattering measurements and other analyses. MMT-2 exhibits much higher loading capacity of ibuprofen and degrades faster in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffered saline than non-hollow MSNs. The degradation of MMT-2 can be significantly retarded by modification with polyethylene glycol. More interestingly, the degradation of MMT-2 involves fragmentation instead of void formation, a phenomenon beneficial for their elimination. The results demonstrate the uniqueness of the hollow Ia3d MSNs and the great potential of the material for drug delivery and biomedical applications.

Preparation of hollow mesoporous silica nanorods for encapsulating and slowly releasing eugenol

Fragrances are widely used in many aspects of our lives.They cannot only make people happy,but also treat many diseases.However,excessively fast evaporation rate is one of the main obstacles to the use of spices.In this study,mesoporous silica nanorods(MSNRs)and hollow mesoporous silica nanorods(HMSNRs)were prepared to encapsulate eugenol.These two nano-fragrances were named eugenol@MSNRs and eugenol@HMSNRs,respectively.The morphologies,size,interior structures and pore performances of MSNRs and HMSNRs.Besides,the performances of encapsulation and fragrance release of eugenol@MSNRs and eugenol@HMSNRs were compared and analyzed.The results showed that eugenol@HMSNRs encapsulated more fragrance and were faster to encapsulate compared with eugenol@MSNRs.Both the release rates of eugenol from eugenol@MSNRs and eugenol@HMSNRs were slow.But the eugenol was released from eugenol@MSNRs more slowly.

Silver Chloride Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica Particles and Their Application in the Antibacterial Coatings on Denture Base

Hollow mesoporous silica particles（HMSPs） were prepared by using polystyrene microspheres as a template and loaded with silver chloride（AgCl） to act as antibacterial agents. The HMSPs possess radially oriented pore channels and a high loading amount of AgCl. The AgCl loaded HMSPs were then dispersed in hybrid coatings with different mass ratios to fabricate antibacterial coatings. The antibacterial activities of the coatings were tested against Candida albicans（ATCC 10231） and Streptococcus mutants（ATCC 25175）. The resulting antibacterial coatings exhibited high antibacterial activities, high hardness, and acceptable adhesion to the substrate.

Electrochemically-induced highly reactive PdO^(*) interface on modulated mesoporous MOF-derived Co_(3)O_(4) support for selective ethanol electro-oxidation

Herein,Pd nanoparticles loaded Co_(3)O_(4)catalysts(Pd@Co_(3)O_(4))are constructed from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)for the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR).It is demonstrated for the first time that the electrochemical conversion of Co_(3)O_(4)support would result in the charge distribution alignment at the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)interface and induce the formation of highly reactive Pd-O species(PdO^(*)),which can further catalyze the consequent reactions of the intermediates of the ethanol oxidation.The catalyst,Pd@Co_(3)O_(4)-450,obtained under the optimized conditions exhibits excellent EOR performance with a high mass activity of 590 mA mg-1,prominent operational stability,and extraordinary capability for the electro-oxidation of acetaldehyde intermediates.Importantly,the detailed mechanism investigation reveals that Pd@Co_(3)O_(4)-450 could be benefit to the C-C bond cleavage to promote the desirable C1 pathway for the ethanol oxidation reaction.The present strategy based on the metal-support interaction of the catalyst might provide valuable inspiration for the design of high-performing catalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction.

A vacuum nano-casting route to magnetite cores/mesoporous silica shell composites

Hollow mesoporous silica spheres with magnetite cores(HMSMC) have been fabricated by Vacuum Nano-casting Route. The amount of magnetite cores and saturation magnetization value can be easily adjusted by changing the concentration of iron nitrate solution used in the synthesis procedure. Furthermore, the as-prepared HMSMCs still maintain narrow mesopore distribution, high surface area and large pore volume after the hollow cores of hollow mesoporous silica spheres were filled with magnetite particles. Specially, when the saturation magnetization value of as-prepared HMSMCs reaches 22.0 emu/g, the surface area and pore volume of corresponding HMSMCs are 149 m^2/g and 0.19 cm^3/g, respectively, and the pore size is 2.30 nm. The corresponding samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, N_2 sorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer.