Copper-organic Framework Constructed from Rod-shaped Secondary Building Units with Selective Sorption Property

One novel metal-organic framework [Cu2（L）（μ3-OH）]n（1, H3L = [1,1＇：3＇,1＇＇-terphenyl]-4,4＇＇,5＇-tricarboxylic acid） has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal powder X-ray diffraction, IR and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pbca with a = 21.573（19）, b = 5.404（5）, c = 33.78（3） ？, C21H（12）O7Cu2, Mr = 503.39, V = 3938（6） A^3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.698 g·cm^-3, μ = 2.202 mm^-1, F（000） = 2016, 1.531〈θ〈25.009°, λ（Mo Kα） = 0.71073 A, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0448 and wR = 0.1002. The structure of complex 1 is a three-dimensional（3D） framework based on infinite rod-shaped secondary building units and can be simplified as kgd topology. The gas adsorption measurements for N2, CO2, H2O, CH3OH and CH3CH2OH have been done. Fortunately, the selective sorption of CO2 over N2 was found at 195 K.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIN CHAIN AROMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COPOLYESTERS WITH X-SHAPED AND ROD-SHAPED MESOGENIC UNITS

A series of main chain liquid crystal aromatic copolyesters with X-shaped and rod-shaped mesogenic units were synthesized via solution condensation polymerizations of 4,4'-(alpha,omega-octanedioyloxy)-dibenzoyl dichlorides with 2,5-bis(p-octanoxy benzoyloxy)-hydroquinone and diphenol. All of the copolyesters showed thermotropic liquid crystalline behaviors through observations using DSC, polarized microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The melting point (T-m) and the isotropization temperature (T-i) change regularly with varying the content of diphenol unit in the copolymers.

Research on Penetration Rules of LY-12cz Thin Sheet Subjected to Rod-Shaped Fragment

By establishing the finite element models and corresponding calculation methods for the target board and rod-shaped fragment, the penetration effect of the high-velocity rod-shaped fragments＇ impact on the LY- 12cz thin sheet is analyzed by analog calculation. The variation rules of the residual velocity and residual mass of fragments, chock mass and crevasse shape are obtained when the fragment penetrates target board with different incidence velocities and attack angles. Corresponding fitting computation formulas are concluded from the above calculating data. The conclusions are helpful to analyzing the destructivity of fragment and protective ability of aircraft structure. In addition, they can guide the research for battle damage mode and assessment effectively.

Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4) nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous carbon nanorod:High rate capability material for potassium-ion batteries

Considering their superior theoretical capacity and low voltage plateau,bismuth(Bi)-based materials are being widely explored for application in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Unfortunately,pure Bi and Bibased compounds suffer from severe electrochemical polarization,agglomeration,and dramatic volume fluctuations.To develop an advanced bismuth-based anode material with high reactivity and durability,in this work,the pyrolysis of Bi-based metal-organic frameworks and in-situ selenization techniques have been successfully used to produce a Bi-based composite with high capacity and unique structure,in which Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)nanoparticles are encapsulated in carbon nanorods(Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR).Applied as the anode material of PIBs,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR displays fast potassium storage capability with 307.5 m A h g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)and durable cycle performance of 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Notably,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR also showed long cycle stability over 1600 cycles when working in a full cell system with potassium vanadate as the cathode material,which further demonstrates its promising potential in the field of PIBs.Additionally,the dual potassium storage mechanism of the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR based on conversion and alloying reaction has also been revealed by in-situ X-ray diffraction.

Influences of the Shape of Rods in Two Dimension Photonic Crystals on Their Defect Eigenmodes

The cross section of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a two dimensional photonic crystal. The rods formed in PCF are not exact cylinders, the shape of rods will affect the eigenmode formed in two dimensional photonic crystals around a defect. Based on the relations between the defect eigenmodes and the radius of dielectric cylinders, the defect eigenmodes in photonic crystals in which the ellipse rods take the place of cylinders are studied by numerical calculation. The analysis of the relation between the eigenfrequency and the minor axis radius of ellipse rods show that the defect eigenfrequency is controlled by the cross section area of rods and the distribution of electromagnetic field around the defect is also affected by the cross section shape of rods. It provides a better way to modify the distribution of electromagnetic fields in photonic crystal and keeps the eigenfrequency unchanged.

Continuous FEM simulation of multi-pass plate hot rolling suitable for plate shape analysis

In order to continuously simulate multi-pass plate rolling process,a 3-D elastic hollow-roll model was proposed and an auto mesh-refining module with data passing was developed and integrated with FE software,Marc.The hollow-roll model has equivalent stiffness of bending resistance and deformation to the real solid and much less meshes,so the computational time is greatly reduced.Based on these,the factors influencing plate profile,such as the roll-bending force,initial crown,thermal crown and heat transfer during rolling and inter-pass cooling can be taken into account in the simulation.The auto mesh-refining module with data passing can automatically refine and re-number elements and transfer the nodal and elemental results to the new meshes.Furthermore,the 3-D modeling routine is parametrically developed and can be run independently of Marc pre-processing program.A seven-pass industrial hot rolling process was continuously simulated to validate the accuracy of model.By comparison of the calculated results with the industrial measured data,the rolling force,temperature and plate profile are in good accordance with the measured ones.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR RESPONSE OF COLLISION OF PARTICLE WITH CONICAL ROD CAUSED BY LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION

The objective is to present exact analytical solutions of longitudinal impact analysis for slender conical rods struck by a particle and a new method is proposed for conical rod-particle impact analysis, in which the superposition method is used and the response of the rod is presented. These analytical results are exact and can be used to validate the numerical methods or other analytical results. The numerical example shows that one of the advantages of the present method is that the analytical form is very simple. The result is that mass ratio and some variables describing the geometrical shape of rods such as taper, length and radius play an important role in impact dynamic system.

Vibration Serviceability of Large-Span Steel–Concrete Composite Beam with Precast Hollow Core Slabs Under Walking Impact

A large-span steel–concrete composite beam with precast hollow core slabs(CBHCSs)is a relatively new floor structure that can be applied to various long-span structures.However,human-induced vibrations may present serviceability issues in such structures.To alleviate vibrations,both the walking forces excited by humans and the associated floor responses must be elucidated.In this study,150 load–time histories of walking,excited by 25 test participants,are obtained using a force measuring plate.The dynamic loading factors and phase angles in the Fourier series functions for one-step walking are determined.Subsequently,walking tests are performed on seven CBHCS specimens to capture the essential dynamic properties of mode shapes,natural frequencies,damping ratios,and acceleration time histories.The CBHCS floor system generally exhibits a high frequency(>10 Hz)and low damping(damping ratio<2%).Sensitivity studies using the finite element method are conducted to investigate the vibration performance of the CBHCS floor system,where the floor thickness,steel beam type,contact time,and human weight are considered.Finally,analytical expressions derived for the fundamental frequency and peak acceleration agree well with the experimental results and are hence proposed for practical use.

First application of large reactivity measurement through rod drop based on three-dimensional space–time dynamics

Abstract Reactivity measurement is an essential part of a zero-power physics test,which is critical to reactor design and development.The rod drop experimental technique is used to measure the control rod worth in a zero-power physics test.The conventional rod drop experimental technique is limited by the spatial effect and the difference between the calculated static reactivity and measured dynamic reactivity;thus,the method must be improved.In this study,a modified rod drop experimental technique that constrains the detector neutron flux shape function based on three-dimensional space–time dynamics to reduce the reactivity perturbation and a new method for calculating the detector neutron flux shape function are proposed.Correction factors were determined using Monte Carlo N-particle transport code and transient analysis code for a pressurized water reactor at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology and Xi’an Jiaotong University,and a large reactivity of over 2000 pcm was measured using the modified technique.This research evaluated the modified technique accuracy,studied the influence of the correction factors on the modification,and investigated the effect of constraining the shape function on the reactivity perturbation reduction caused by the difference between the calculated neutron flux and true value,using the new method to calculate the shape function of the detector neutron flux and avoiding the neutron detector response function(weighting factor)calculation.

工字形钢梁-矩形钢管柱单向螺栓节点抗弯承载力理论计算方法

针对工字形纯钢梁和钢-混凝土组合梁分别与矩形钢管柱和矩形钢管混凝土柱采用单向螺栓(也称单边拧紧螺栓)连接形成的4种节点形式,对其在弯矩作用下的受力机理及破坏模式进行分析,讨论导致节点失效的因素。总结节点在弯矩作用下的9种失效模式,包括:单向螺栓拉断、端板受弯屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受拉屈服、矩形钢管柱壁翼板受压屈服、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈曲、混凝土楼板局部压溃、钢筋屈服、矩形钢管柱内混凝土局部压溃、矩形钢管柱壁腹板受压屈服,进而基于破坏模式给出节点各组件承载力的计算公式。对4种节点在不同破坏模式下的正弯矩承载力和负弯矩承载力进行分析,给出节点承载力计算公式。将节点抗弯承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证理论计算方法的可靠性。

棒电极直径和端部形状对短空气间隙交流击穿电压的影响研究

空气间隙交流击穿特性试验常采用棒棒、棒板电极作为试验电极,目前棒电极直径、棒端部形状对空气间隙交流击穿电压的影响尚不清晰。为此,用直径2 cm、1 cm的圆棒和直径1 cm的尖棒搭建棒棒、棒板电极,开展5~40 cm短空气间隙下的交流击穿试验,研究棒电极直径和端部形状对空气间隙交流击穿电压的影响。结果表明:在试验棒电极直径和端部形状范围内,空气间隙距离5~20 cm时,各棒棒或棒板电极空气间隙击穿电压相对偏差在5.93%~33%之间,随着空气间隙距离增大,棒电极直径和端部形状对棒棒、棒板空气间隙击穿电压的影响逐渐减弱;空气间隙距离大于20 cm时,各棒棒或棒板电极空气间隙击穿电压相对偏差均小于5%。研究认为,空气间隙距离超过20 cm时,棒电极直径和端部形状对棒棒、棒板空气间隙击穿电压无影响。

基于角度偏差自校正的光纤形状传感结构设计

光纤形状传感中FBG的放置角度误差会影响曲率的计算精度,从而增大形状反演的误差。为了实现传感胶棒的角度自校正,设计了一种自校正形状传感结构,在传感胶棒的感知截面上布设9个FBG,以120°等角度间隔作为基准位置,分别提取±10°位置上的应变,从而实现FBG响应与角度偏差的函数映射。提出了一种基于角度偏差自校正算法,通过适应度函数完成对传感参量α与k的阈值优化,实现任意角度偏差的自校正。仿真分析不同α与k条件下的响应关系,发现α具有很好的线性变化特性,k仅随主敏感FBG波动的特性。在单截面实验中,加载0~100 N应力变化后,9个FBG的平均响应度介于[-1.012με/N,0.987με/N]之间。响应度的正负可以表征弯曲方向,相邻FBG的响应也具有很好的线性度。在组合截面实验中,根据反演结果重建传感胶棒三维结构,输出各点位坐标和应力值信息。

从肥袋足鬲看商时期北方长城地带东段地区的文化互动

肥袋足鬲是商时期在北方长城地带东段地区不同考古学文化中共有的一类器物。虽然不同地区的考古学文化中肥袋足鬲形态存在差异,但在面对商文化的扩张过程中,不同地区的肥袋足鬲消长、中断与复兴的时间却几乎相同。肥袋足鬲所体现的文化传播,反映了华北平原北缘地区与晋陕高原地区人群的交流与互动。晚商时期使用肥袋足鬲的人群往往与佩戴卷云形金耳饰的人群在空间上重合,反映了北方长城地带东段不同考古学文化之间的共性。

棒状结构NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)上转换发光性能的研究

以乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTD-2Na)为螯合剂,采用水热法合成了棒状结构的NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粉末。分别借助X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和扫描显微镜(SEM)对其晶体结构、发光强度和表面形貌进行分析和表征。探究了稀土前驱体、水热温度和水热时间的实验条件对NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)纳米粉末上转换发光强度的影响;研究了氟源和钠源对NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)晶体形貌和上转换发光强度的改善;同时,采用煅烧处理的方法,进一步探究样品的形貌和发光强度收到的影响。实验结果表明NH4F与NaOH作为氟源和钠源及200℃煅烧1 h得到的棒状结构NaGdF_(4):Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)的发光强度最好,色坐标(CIE)绿色发光强度从84%提升到94.88%。

襄阳东站钢屋盖超多杆连接节点设计与足尺模型试验研究

襄阳东站屋盖南北向长358m,东西向最大跨度86m,采用焊接球钢网架,整体不设变形缝,南端开设瀑布造型大洞口,由于屋盖结构超长、不连续、大悬挑及瀑布造型使得钢屋盖空间受力十分复杂,特在分叉柱柱顶沿南北向设置加强杆以加强屋盖瀑布区洞口两侧边缘约束刚度及改善结构整体受力性能。钢屋盖瀑布区悬挑端分叉柱柱顶节点相连杆件达12根之多,该节点作为屋盖结构的关键节点,其受力状态尤为复杂,创新地采用了半铸造半相贯焊连接形式并采取了构造加强措施,针对该超多杆连接节点进行了足尺模型加载试验验证,详细介绍了试验加载装置、加载方案、试验现象及试验结果,并进行了有限元对比分析。结果表明有限元对比分析结果与加载试验吻合较好;该超多杆半铸造半相贯焊连接节点构造合理、承载力高,薄弱部位出现在与铸造本体相连的接长钢管上,满足强节点弱构件、强连接弱构件的设计要求。

基于烟支损失质量的三种加热卷烟基棒截留效果研究

【目的】研究加热卷烟基棒材料对烟气释放质量的影响。【方法】基于加热卷烟逐口烟支损失质量(Cigarette lose mass,CLM)测量装置,选取市售加热卷烟,截取烟丝段增加烟气连接段制作参考样品,在参考样品后增加不同长度或材料基棒制作测试样品,参照ISO标准抽吸模式,测量参考样品和测试样品逐口CLM的变化,以测试样品相对参考样品的CLM减少率作为截留率。【结果】(1)参考样品第1口的相对标准偏差为5.92%,第2口至第6口相对标准偏差最大值为3.39%,选取的市售加热卷烟烟丝段烟气释放质量较为稳定;(2)截留率随着基棒长度增加而增加,当基棒长度从5 mm增加到20 mm时,中空基棒、PLA基棒、醋纤基棒截留率分别增加7.49%、21.56%、17.09%;且截留率:中空基棒<醋纤基棒<PLA基棒;(3)PLA基棒为20 mm、醋纤基棒大于等于10 mm后逐口的截留率呈现递减趋势。

3D打印陶瓷型芯研究进展

陶瓷型芯是成功制造空心叶片的关键之一,它决定着叶片的尺寸精度、合格率、制备成本。但传统制造技术存在工艺复杂、制备周期长等缺点。3D打印技术具有无需模具、快速成型、个性化定制三维零件的优势,逐渐被应用于复杂形状陶瓷型芯的制备。系统总结了粘结剂喷射、激光选区烧结、浆料直写成型、光固化成型4种主流3D打印技术在陶瓷型芯领域的研究进展,及脱脂-烧结工艺对3D打印陶瓷型芯性能的影响,最后对3D打印陶瓷型芯的未来发展进行了展望。

分缝护栏致空心板梁桥L型裂缝预应力控制方法研究

为提高护栏分缝桥梁的耐久性和承载力,以台金高速公路杨司高架桥预制空心板梁桥为背景,研究通过施加预应力控制因护栏分缝引起L型裂缝的有效性,并针对既有桥梁加固和新建桥梁设计提出通用的有效方法。采用Abaqus软件建立既有桥梁和新建桥梁的有限元模型,研究车道荷载作用产生的应力放大效应;分析预应力筋布置高度和长度对边梁梁底应力的影响及对既有桥梁护栏分缝导致的预应力损失;在此基础上,提出L型裂缝的预应力控制方法。结果表明:边梁应力放大系数随桥梁跨径和护栏高度的增加而增大,其取值范围为[1.42,2.14];预应力筋布置高度越低,边梁跨中梁底应力越大;预应力筋布置长度越短,既有桥梁梁底应力越大,对新建桥梁应力没有影响;分缝护栏对既有桥梁施加预应力产生损失,对新建桥梁不会产生预应力损失;在边梁跨中施加相应的预应力,可有效抵消跨中的应力集中效应,防止主梁跨中产生L型裂缝。

一种新型中空注浆锚杆止浆塞的优化设计与试验研究

锚杆在隧道施工中应用广泛,对于提高围岩自承能力,减小结构受力效果显著,中空注浆锚杆经过注浆后可以大幅提高其支护效应,注浆质量直接影响中空锚杆的承载能力。基于一种新型中空注浆锚杆止浆塞,通过数值模拟对其构造形式和结构尺寸进行优化设计研究,并通过室内模型试验和现场试验对研发的新型止浆塞的排气稳压效果进行检验。结论如下:止浆塞最优尺寸为内塞排气槽上端宽8.0 mm,深1.5 mm,下端宽11.3 mm,深1.0 mm;闭气坎高度为3 mm;外塞孔口端直径为51 mm,远离孔口端直径为50 mm。止浆塞对不同锚杆孔孔径具有普适性,当止浆塞与锚杆孔相差0~4 mm时,均能满足其稳压止浆性能要求。试验结果表明,新型止浆塞稳压压力在0.7~1.2 MPa之间,锚杆孔内浆液充盈,浆液密实,止浆效果明显。

Wf/Zr基复合材料长杆弹在不同速度下的头形转变规律

目的预测金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹在不同撞击速度下的侵彻/穿甲性能,为优化弹体撞击速度和弹体头部形状等提供理论指导。方法结合相关侵彻试验,基于细观有限元建模及修正的热力耦合本构模型,开展了钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹在不同速度下侵彻钢靶的有限元模拟,分析了不同速度下复合材料弹体破坏模式的差异,讨论了撞击速度对复合材料弹体头部形状变化影响规律及其内在机理。结果低速撞击条件下,复合材料长杆弹体头部的钨纤维发生剧烈的屈曲弯折变形,弯折钨纤维堆积在头部,形成较厚的“边缘层”,且存在1~2条剪切带,弹体头部表现为“细长尖卵”形状;随着撞击速度逐渐增加,弹体头部钨纤维的弯折变形程度逐渐有所降低,“边缘层”厚度也有所减小,且外侧钨纤维开始发生屈曲回流,头形逐渐转变为“短粗尖卵”形状,且尖锐程度随撞击速度增加而降低;在高速撞击条件下,弹体头部“边缘层”显著变薄,同时最外侧钨纤维发生屈曲回流,弹体头部表现为“扁平”形状。结论撞击速度对复合材料弹体的头部变形及破坏特征具有重要影响。随着速度增加,复合材料弹体头部形状逐渐从“细长尖卵”转变到“短粗尖卵”,最后变为“扁平”。