The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganism...The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.展开更多
Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics ...Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping,relay,and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.This review introduces the concept of crop diversity,considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity,and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.Recently,the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.Further,understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.Recent advances in the agricultural systems include:(i)a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes;(ii)ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions;and(iii)the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122045,41890853,and 42106197)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0401 and GML2019ZD0402)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13020300).
文摘The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2017YFD0200400)
文摘Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping,relay,and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.This review introduces the concept of crop diversity,considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity,and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.Recently,the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.Further,understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.Recent advances in the agricultural systems include:(i)a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes;(ii)ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions;and(iii)the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.
