Kinetics investigations for holographic Bragg grating based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal

This paper investigates the monomer kinetics of polymer dispersed liquid crystal （PDLC） grating. Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra are used in the studies of photoreaction kinetics. The results indicate that there is a relative stable stage arises after a very short initial stage. Based on FTIR studies, the monomer diffusion equation is deduced and necessary numerical simulations are carried out to analyse the monomer conversion which is an important point to improve phase separation structure of PDLC grating. Some simulation results have a good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the effects induced by monomer diffusion constant D and diffusion-polymerization-ratio rate R are discussed. Results show that monomer conversion can be improved by increasing value of D. Besides, a good equilibrium state （R = 1） is more beneficial to the diffusion of monomer which is important in the process of phase separation.

Effect of BaTiO₃Nanoparticle on Electro-Optical Properties of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays

Ferro nematic suspensions are the prominent materials to enhance the electro optical performance of liquid crystal displays. Electro optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display with the introduction of Barium Titanate nanoparticles have been investigated in this article and it is shown that there is a considerable enhancement in electro-optical response of the displays. The nanoparticles lower the switch-on electric field and thereby increase the optical transmission at certain voltages of the displays. The electro-optical characteristics of the PDLC cells were investigated with a He-Ne laser followed by MatLab calculations.

PREPARATION OF POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID CRYSTALS USING PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and styrene copolymers are prepared by photopolymerization. The electrooptical behavior and microstructure of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal films are investigated by using He-Ne laser and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. With increasing E7 content in the copolymer, droplet size increased, threshold voltage decreased.

Effect of Polymer Network Morphology on the Performance of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Composite Films

The effects of the morphologies of liquid crystal (LC) droplets left in polymer network on the performance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal composite films were investigated.By adjusting the relative content range of the crosslinking and diluents,the morphologies of polymer network can be changed.Therefore,the properties of PDLC composite films with imparity polymer morphologies were obtained by experiments and the finite element simulation.Results of the experimental and finite element simulation showed that the electro-optical properties of PDLC composite films were inversely proportional to the domain size of the polymer network and the mechanical properties were proportional to the domain size of the polymer network.

Random lasing in dye-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal film

A dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film was designed and fabricated,and random lasing action was studied.A mixture of laser dye,nematic liquid crystal,chiral dopant,and PVA was used to prepare the dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film by means of microcapsules.Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that most liquid crystal droplets in the polymer matrix ranged from 30 μm to 40 μm,the size of the liquid crystal droplets was small.Under frequency doubled 532 nm Nd：YAG laser-pumped optical excitation,a plurality of discrete and sharp random laser radiation peaks could be measured in the range of 575–590 nm.The line-width of the lasing peak was 0.2 nm and the threshold of the random lasing was 9 m J.Under heating,the emission peaks of random lasing disappeared.By detecting the emission light spot energy distribution,the mechanism of radiation was found to be random lasing.The random lasing radiation mechanism was then analyzed and discussed.Experimental results indicated that the size of the liquid crystal droplets is the decisive factor that influences the lasing mechanism.The surface anchor role can be ignored when the size of the liquid crystal droplets in the polymer matrix is small,which is beneficial to form multiple scattering.The transmission path of photons is similar to that in a ring cavity,providing feedback to obtain random lasing output.

Electrically tunable holographic polymer templated blue phase liquid crystal grating

In this paper, we demonstrate an alternative approach to fabricating an electrically tunable holographic polymer tem- plated blue phase liquid crystal grating. This grating is obtained by preforming a polymer template comprised of periodic fringes, and then refilling it with a blue phase liquid crystal. Compared with conventional holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings, our grating can remarkably reduce its switching voltage from 200 V to 43 V while maintaining a sub-millisecond response time. The holographic polymer templated blue phase liquid crystal （HPTBPLC） grating is free from electrode patterning, thus leading to a lower cost and more flexible applications.

Orientation in Nematic Liquid Crystals Doped with Orange Dyes and Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles

Some properties of nematic liquid crystal E7 doped with two disperse orange dyes used together and effect of addition of carbon nanoparticles （single walled carbon nanotube or fullerene C60） on them were studied. Two dyes （disperse orange 11 and 13） having high solubility and order parameter were used as co-dopants. A notable increase in order parameter was obtained comparing to that of liquid crystal doped with single dye. When carbon nanoparticles were used as dopant, a decrease in order parameter was observed at low temperatures while it increased at high temperatures. When applied voltage changed, the order parameter abruptly increased in its threshold value and saturated in higher voltages as expected. An appreciable change in textures was not observed with addition of dopants. This addition gave rise to an increase in nematic-isotropic phase transition temperatures compared with that of pure liquid crystal.

A Dual Effect of Au-Nanoparticles on Nucleic Acid Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Particles

Au-nanoparticles (size about 2 nm, but not 5 or 15 nm) are capable of effectively incorporating into quasinematic layers of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion formed by double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of various families (DNA and poly(I)xpoly(C)). This Au-size-dependent process is accompanied by a decrease in amplitudes of abnormal bands in the CD spectra specific to initial cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersions and simultaneously by an appearance of plasmon resonance band in visible absorption spectrum. The study of properties of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion treated with Au-nanoparticles by means of various physico-chemical methods demonstrates that incorporation of Au-nanoparticles into quasinematic layers of these particles results in two effects: i) it facilitates reorganization of the spatial cholesteric structure of particles, and ii) it induces the formation of Au-clusters in the content of particles. It is not excluded that these effects represent a possible reason for genotoxicity of Au-nanopar- ticles.

聚合物分散液晶器件概述、发展趋势及应用研究进展

本文概述了聚合物分散液晶器件的基本结构、原理和制备方法,重点介绍了目前聚合物分散液晶器件(包括基于二色性染料的彩色器件以及基于柔性透明电极的柔性器件)的发展现状和趋势,总结了聚合物分散液晶在智能窗、防窥和传感器等方面的应用,最后对聚合物分散液晶器件色彩和柔性化方面的问题进行陈述,并对其研究方向进行了展望。

光控取向液晶偏振全息柱透镜的制备及聚焦特性

在近眼显示领域中,体全息光栅作为有前景的技术,起到将光耦合/耦出波导器件的作用。液晶偏振全息元件具有很强的偏振选择性和转换性能,不仅可以实现光的耦合,还可作为光开关、透镜、光栅、漫射器、消色差器件及彩色光学器件等使用。本文采用光控取向技术结合全息光路制备了液晶偏振全息柱透镜并对其成像特性进行了研究。在离轴全息干涉光路上利用平面波和柱面波干涉的方法,利用SD1光控取向技术制备了变间距液晶偏振衍射透镜。在457 nm激光全息曝光的条件下制备了21.96°、26.42°、33.20°3种曝光夹角的全息柱透镜样品,并对应不同变间距周期的液晶偏振透镜。在偏光显微镜下,均观测到偏振全息柱透镜光栅周期的显著变化,并实现偏振全息的柱面聚焦再现。本文对液晶偏振透镜的基本全息衍射特性与反常色散特性进行了实验分析和验证。

基于缺陷地慢波传输线结构的液晶移相器设计

为了实现低插损、大相位覆盖范围的加载缺陷地结构(DGS)的微带线液晶移相器,利用HFSS仿真软件对DGS微带线液晶移相器进行建模和仿真,通过改变DGS的形状来改变单个移相单元的色散特性,提升单个单元的移相能力,从而减少移相单元的使用数量,降低移相器传输线整体插损。以哑铃型DGS的液晶微带线移相器作为参考标准,比较了5种形状的DGS(哑铃型、减少DGS面积、一阶分形、三角形、交叉型)的移相能力和插损差异。仿真结果表明:下一阶分形和交叉型DGS微带线液晶移相器移相能力较好,最后对不同介电常数的移相器进行仿具观察其S参数和移相能力,进一步验证了这一结果。

采用丙烯酸酯双单体的高空间频率透射式体全息H-PDLC光栅的研制

全息聚合物分散液晶(holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystal, H-PDLC)体全息光栅因其化学状态稳定、制作简单、价格低廉等优势为全息光波导耦合器件提供了一个更优的思路。本文提出了采用复合型丙烯酸酯类高/低折射率匹配调制的H-PDLC透射式体光栅的研制。首先结合耦合波理论及分子扩散理论介绍了H-PDLC光栅的形成机理。然后,通过实验对不同官能度单体的光栅材料进行筛选,并研究其全息衍射特性。在此基础上,进一步采用提高引发剂含量的方式优化了高频体全息H-PDLC光栅性能。实验结果表明,该双单体的H-PDLC配方可实现在可见光波段透过率大于90%,在空间频率为973 lp/mm下,衍射效率达到90%,响应带宽为99 nm;在2 941 lp/mm下,衍射效率为75.4%,响应带宽为29 nm。该H-PDLC光栅作为波导显示系统的耦合器件有可观的应用前景。

聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的分子结构对聚合物分散液晶形貌和性能的影响

聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)是液晶畴均匀地分散在聚合物基体内形成的一种复合材料,因其制备简单、无需偏振片和取向层,在智能窗、柔性显示和可穿戴设备等领域具有广泛的应用前景。为了拓宽其在柔性显示器件上的应用,本文以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)低聚物作为聚合物基体,采用紫外光聚合法制备PDLC器件,研究PUA的分子结构对聚合物分散液晶的形貌和性能的影响。实验结果表明,以丙烯酸酯基团进行封端的聚合物单体聚合速率快,形成了聚合物网孔状结构,且随着分子结构由脂肪族到芳香族的变化,聚合物网孔尺寸逐渐减小,使PDLC的驱动电压增高。利用聚氨酯中氨基甲酸酯键在分子链间形成的氢键增强与塑料基板的粘附性,获得了具有优异综合性能的PDLC器件。对比芳香族PUA,脂肪族PUA制备的PDLC样品具有较低的驱动电压(V_(th)=9.14 V,V_(sat)=35.50 V)、较高的对比度(CR=73.25)、较好的粘附性(20.11 N/cm^(2))以及在弯曲曲率半径为4 cm下弯曲前后光电性能变化幅度较小的特点,基本满足柔性PDLC在安全隐私保护以及弯曲表面的使用要求。

Electrically tunable holographic waveguide display based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating

In this Letter, we present an electrically tunable holographic waveguide display(HWD) based on two slanted holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal(HPDLC) gratings. Experimental results show that a see-through effect is obtained in the HWD that both the display light from HWD and the ambient light can be clearly seen simultaneously. By applying an external electric field, the output intensity of the display light can be modulated,which is attributed to the field-induced rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the two HPDLC gratings.We also show that this electrically tunable performance enables the HWD to adapt to different ambient light conditions. This study provides some ideas towards the development of HWD and its application in augmented reality.

Passive patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystal transparent display

A patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystal transparent display using one-time UV exposure is demonstrated.The device is fabricated by exposing the cell with a uniform UV light through a mask with selective attenuation of the UV light.The voltage-transmittance response of the device is different for the corresponding regions.Thus,three different states of total scattering,patterned transparent,and total transparent can be realized by controlling the applied voltages.The proposed device used in shutter mode as smart windows and in projected display mode is demonstrated,which shows great potential for smart windows with customized patterns or logos and has potential application in the field of projected transparent displays.

Study on phase retardation characteristic of LCVR using dispersion analysis and SVM

To calibrate the phase retardance of a Liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR),its birefringence dispersion characteristic was analyzed,and the Support vector machines(SVM) algorithm was adopted to establish the prediction model.The obtained SVM decision function was used as a part of LCVR phase retardance,which was generated by the driving voltage.The experimental verification was carried out with a 568 nm laser.The results show that the deviation of the experimental value and the theoretical value is about 0.0061λ.SVM method could be used as an effective method for LCVR phase retardance characteristic calibration.

晶畴尺寸对聚合物分散液晶电光性能影响分析

聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)的透光率可以由电压和温度控制,并在显示领域取得了一定的应用。深入进行PDLC理论研究对扩大其应用具有积极意义。通过聚焦聚合引发相分离法(PIPS),研究实验过程变量对聚合体系显微结构的影响,量化聚合体系显微结构与电光性能的关系。综述了国内外关于晶畴尺寸对液晶膜电光性能(对比度、阈值电压、饱和电压)的影响,总结了PIPS法中主要过程变量,例如,固化条件(固化时间、紫外光强度等)、聚合物单体分子结构、纳米掺杂、液晶分子结构及物理参数(介电常数)等对膜材料形貌与电光性能的影响,推进液晶膜材料的更广泛研究与应用。

聚合物分散液晶膜中液晶分子的电场取向效应

制备了液晶微滴在聚合物基体中呈独立分散且具有不同尺度的ＰＤＬＣ复合膜，利用偏光显微镜实时地观察了微滴内液晶织构在适度电场作用下的变化特性，获得了有关微滴内液晶分子的动态取向信息。实验发现，当施加的电压由饱合值降低时，不同尺度的微滴内液晶分子呈不同的电场取向效应，对直径大于十几微米的微滴，液晶分子易呈现较强的取向滞后效应，而直径在微米量级的液滴其液晶分子的电场取向滞后效应相对减少。微滴内液晶分子的这种取向滞后效应正是ＰＤＬＣ膜在宏观上呈现光透过率滞后现象的反映。从作用能的角度出发，讨论了影响微滴内液晶分子取向滞后效应的因素，如微滴与基体的界面作用、液晶微滴的形状、电容效应以及工作温度等。

液晶空间光调制器相位调制的色散特性研究

提出用椭偏仪法测试了自制液晶空间光调制器(LCSLM)的相位调制色散特性.椭偏仪法具有光路简单,结果准确,测试自动化等优点,相比单色光源干涉仪测量方法更加简单实用.结果表明,在短波长(450nm)处,LCSLM的相位调制能力为1.54λ(λ=450 nm) ,在长波长(800 nm)处,LCSLM的相位调制能力为0 .70λ(λ=800 nm) ,与理论分析的色散特性基本一致.

应变液晶调光玻璃显示

介绍了聚合物分散液晶和应变液晶(SLC)的性质,SLC调光玻璃的结构特点,调光原理和光学特性以及制备方法。在SLC调光玻璃制备时,采用文字图案遮挡部分区域进行曝光,得到有文字图案的制品,遮光处形成透明状态,无遮光处处于散射状态。对制品施加剪切应力,散射区域变成半透明状态,文字图案消隐。依据此原理用SLC调光玻璃制作出一种特殊应力显示玻璃,可以开发成为节能的门窗等实用产品、在商场、公司以及酒店等场所装修上具有应用前景。