BACKGROUND The distal-less homeobox(DLX)gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors.However,the expression pattern,prognostic and diagnostic value,possible regulatory mechanisms,and the re...BACKGROUND The distal-less homeobox(DLX)gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors.However,the expression pattern,prognostic and diagnostic value,possible regulatory mechanisms,and the relationship between DLX family genes and immune infiltration in colon cancer have not been systematically reported.AIM We aimed to comprehensively analyze the biological role of the DLX gene family in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.METHODS Colon cancer tissue and normal colon tissue samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test were used to assess DLX gene family expression between colon cancer tissue and unpaired normal colon tissue.cBioPortal was used to analyze DLX gene family variants.R software was used to analyze DLX gene expression in colon cancer and the relationship between DLX gene family expression and clinical features and correlation heat map.The survival package and Cox regression module were used to assess the prognostic value of the DLX gene family.The pROC package was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the DLX gene family.R software was used to analyze the possible regulatory mechanisms of DLX gene family members and related genes.The GSVA package was used to analyze the relationship between the DLX gene family and immune infiltration.The ggplot2,the survminer package,and the clusterProfiler package were used for visualization.RESULTS DLX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly aberrantly expressed in colon cancer patients.The expression of DLX genes were associated with M stage,pathologic stage,primary therapy outcome,residual tumor,lymphatic invasion,T stage,N stage,age,perineural invasion,and history of colon polyps.DLX5 was independently correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer in multivariate analysis.DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 were involved in the development and progression of colon cancer by participating in immune infiltration and associated pathways,including the Hippo signaling pathway,the Wnt signaling pathway,several signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells,and Staphylococcus aureus infection.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible role for the DLX gene family as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colon cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the si...BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the signicance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis.METHODS Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues;the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA(shRNA)or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells;cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assays,cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo;XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.RESULTS PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer.Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation,especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells.Moreover,silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects.In addition,when PRRX1 was overexpressed,inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT,whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated,activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT.CONCLUSION PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis.Additionally,PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The distal-less homeobox(DLX)gene family plays an important role in the development of several tumors.However,the expression pattern,prognostic and diagnostic value,possible regulatory mechanisms,and the relationship between DLX family genes and immune infiltration in colon cancer have not been systematically reported.AIM We aimed to comprehensively analyze the biological role of the DLX gene family in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.METHODS Colon cancer tissue and normal colon tissue samples were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases.Wilcoxon rank sum test and t-test were used to assess DLX gene family expression between colon cancer tissue and unpaired normal colon tissue.cBioPortal was used to analyze DLX gene family variants.R software was used to analyze DLX gene expression in colon cancer and the relationship between DLX gene family expression and clinical features and correlation heat map.The survival package and Cox regression module were used to assess the prognostic value of the DLX gene family.The pROC package was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the DLX gene family.R software was used to analyze the possible regulatory mechanisms of DLX gene family members and related genes.The GSVA package was used to analyze the relationship between the DLX gene family and immune infiltration.The ggplot2,the survminer package,and the clusterProfiler package were used for visualization.RESULTS DLX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly aberrantly expressed in colon cancer patients.The expression of DLX genes were associated with M stage,pathologic stage,primary therapy outcome,residual tumor,lymphatic invasion,T stage,N stage,age,perineural invasion,and history of colon polyps.DLX5 was independently correlated with the prognosis of colon cancer in multivariate analysis.DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 were involved in the development and progression of colon cancer by participating in immune infiltration and associated pathways,including the Hippo signaling pathway,the Wnt signaling pathway,several signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells,and Staphylococcus aureus infection.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a possible role for the DLX gene family as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colon cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the signicance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis.METHODS Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues;the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA(shRNA)or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells;cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assays,cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo;XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.RESULTS PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer.Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation,especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells.Moreover,silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects.In addition,when PRRX1 was overexpressed,inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT,whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated,activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT.CONCLUSION PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis.Additionally,PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.