A new explanation to homeopathy:analysis of the pharmacological property of homeopathic remedies

Although the biological system is a combination of different chemical processes,many of the mechanisms can not be explained by general chemical processes.Therefore,as a driving force of biological system,a distinct entity called'vital force'can be imagined.But this is not essential to explain homeopathy.From the analysis of different phenomena it apparent that biological system has a tendency to maintain a balanced state.Such a good example is catch-up growth.A stimulus is required to disrupt the balance.This stimulus must enter the body from outside or in case of disease it must arise from within inside.This is the primary stimulus.Infection,chronic poisoning,etc.help the expression of the internal stimulus.These are secondary stimulus.The active dose of similar drug acts on the terminal site of the disease process.This causes the actual reversal of the disease process.Allopathic dissimilar drugs act on different stages of the disease process and alter the course of the disease process.The effect of allopathic drugs does not destroy the effect of disease and compete with the effect of the disease.Potentized homeopathic remedies neutralize the effect of disease but do not alter the course of the disease.As a result,either symptoms of the disease are neutralized or the disease process is accelerated.Different other phenomena support that the property of the potentized remedy is not similar to the original substance.It is a new property which is negative pharmacological property.

A new explanation to homeopathy-analysis of the principles of homeopathy

Homeopathy is approximately two hundred and fifty years old medical system.In homeopathy,extremely small dose of original substances is used to treat diseases that produce similar symptoms of the disease.Therefore,two principles of homeopathy are the law of similars and the law of minute dose.Hahnemann proposed that similar symptoms produced by remedies occupy the space of the disease.Reaction or withdrawal effect of the remedy goes against the symptoms of the disease and thus the disease is cured.Although similar substances are used to treat diseases,some substances produce both similar and opposite symptoms of the disease.Again many substances used in minute dose previously exist in the body as large doses.The other principles of homeopathy are the law of chronic diseases and the law of vital force.Hahnemann considered psora or scabies like syphilis.Like syphilis,he considered skin symptoms as primary symptoms and chronic diseases as secondary symptoms.On the other hand,high potency homeopathic remedies do not contain any original substance to produce a reaction or withdrawal effect and'vital force'theory has been refuted in modern science.Therefore these two principles have limitations too.Hahnemann proposed that water is able to retain the memory of the original substance.Modern observers suggest that water can form nanoparticles like original substances.But there is no strong proof that nanoparticles are found in bloodstream or breast milk.To explain homeopathy these limitations should be amended.

Double-blind evaluation of homeopathy on cocaine craving：a randomized controlled pilot study

Background： Brazil is among the nations with the greatest rates of annual cocaine usage. Pharmacological treatment of cocaine addiction is still limited, opening space for nonconventional interventions.Homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and Erythroxylum coca have been tested in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving among homeless addicts, but this setting had not proven feasible, due to insufficient recruitment.Objective： This study investigates the effectiveness and tolerability of homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving in a community-based psychosocial rehabilitation setting.Design, setting, participants, and interventions： A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup, eight-week pilot trial was performed at the Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs（CAPS-AD）, Sao Carlos/SP, Brazil. Eligible subjects included CAPS-AD patients between 18 and 65 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of cocaine dependence（F14.2）. The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups： psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca（homeopathy group）, and psychosocial rehabilitation plus indistinguishable placebo（placebo group）.Main outcome measures： The main outcome measure was the percentage of cocaine-using days. Secondary measures were the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores.Adverse events were reported in both groups.Results： The study population comprised 54 patients who attended at least one post-baseline assessment,out of the 104 subjects initially enrolled. The mean percentage of cocaine-using days in the homeopathy group was 18.1%（standard deviation（SD）： 22.3%）, compared to 29.8%（SD： 30.6%） in the placebo group（P 〈0.01）. Analysis of the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale scores showed no between-group differences in the intensity of cravings, but results significantly favored homeopathy over placebo in the proportion of weeks without craving episodes and the patients＇ appraisal of treatment efficacy for reduction of cravings. Analysis of 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores found no significant differences. Few adverse events were reported： 0.57 adverse events/patient in the homeopathy group compared to 0.69 adverse events/patient in the placebo group（P = 0.41）.Conclusions： A psychosocial rehabilitation setting improved recruitment but was not sufficient to decrease dropout frequency among Brazilian cocaine treatment seekers. Psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca were more effective than psychosocial rehabilitation alone in reducing cocaine cravings. Due to high dropout rate and risk of bias, further research is required to confirm our findings, with specific focus on strategies to increase patient retention.

Homeopathy for COVID-19 in primary care:A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial(COVID-Simile study)

Background:Different homeopathic approaches have been used as supportive care for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,but none has been tested in a clinical trial.Objectives:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the homeopathic medicine,Natrum muriaticum LM2,for mild cases of COVID-19.Design,setting,participants,and interventions:A randomized,double-blind,two-armed,parallel,singlecenter,placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 in S?o-Carlos,Brazil.Participants aged>18 years,with influenza-like symptoms and positive result from a real-time polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were recruited and randomized(1:1)into two groups that received different treatments during a period of at-homeisolation.One group received the homeopathic medicine Natrum muriaticum,prepared with the second degree of the fifty-millesimal dynamization(LM2;Natrum muriaticum LM2),while the other group received a placebo.Outcome measures:The primary endpoint was time until recovery from COVID-19 influenza-like symptoms.Secondary measures included a survival analysis of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms(influenza-like symptoms plus anosmia and ageusia)from a symptom grading scale that was informed by the participant,hospital admissions,and adverse events.Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate time-to-event(survival)measures.Results:Data from 86 participants were analyzed(homeopathy,n=42;placebo,n=44).There was no difference in time to recovery between two groups among participants who were reporting influenzalike symptoms at the beginning of monitoring(homeopathy,n=41;placebo,n=41;P=0.56),nor in a sub-group that had at least 5 moderate to severe influenza-like symptoms at the beginning of monitoring(homeopathy,n=15;placebo,n=17;P=0.06).Secondary outcomes indicated that a 50%reduction in symptom score was achieved significantly earlier in the homeopathy group(homeopathy,n=24;placebo,n=25;P=0.04),among the participants with a basal symptom score≥5.Moreover,values of restricted mean survival time indicated that patients receiving homeopathy might have improved0.9 days faster during the first five days of follow-up(P=0.022).Hospitalization rates were 2.4%in the homeopathy group and 6.8%in the placebo group(P=0.62).Participants reported 3 adverse events in the homeopathy group and 6 in the placebo group.Conclusion:Results showed that Natrum muriaticum LM2 was safe to use for COVID-19,but there was no statistically significant difference in the primary endpoints of Natrum muriaticum LM2 and placebo for mild COVID-19 cases.Although some secondary measures do not support the null hypothesis,the wide confidence intervals suggest that further studies with larger sample sizes and more symptomatic participants are needed to test the effectiveness of homeopathic Natrum muriaticum LM2 for COVID-19.Trial registration:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID:JPRN-UMIN000040602.

KELEA: A Natural Energy That Seemingly Reduces Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Water and Other Liquids

The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.

Insufficiency of Cellular Energy (ICE) May Precede Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease and Be Treatable via the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

The term neurodegeneration emphasizes the destruction of neuronal cells as the primary explanation of many major neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease. Specialized functioning of cells requires more cellular energy than is needed for basic cell survival. Cells can acquire energy both from the metabolism of food and from the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. The ACE pathway is an added dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body’s fluids occurring from the absorption of an external force termed KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction). KELEA is attracted to separated electrical charges and is seemingly partially released as the charges become more closely linked. As suggested elsewhere, the fluctuating electrical activity in the brain may attract KELEA from the environment and, thereby, contribute to the body’s ACE pathway. Certain illnesses affecting the brain may impede this proposed antenna function of the brain, leading to a systemic insufficiency of cellular energy (ICE). Furthermore, individual neurons may derive some of the energy for their own activities from the repetitive depolarization of the cell. This may explain why hyper-excitability of neurons can occur in response to cell damage. This adaptive mechanism is unlikely to be sustainable, however, especially if there is a continuing need to synthesize neurotransmitters and membrane ion channels. The energy deficient neurons would then become quiescent and, although remaining viable, would not perform their intended specialized functions. Actual cell death would not necessarily occur till much later in the disease process. The distinction between quiescent and degenerated cells is important since the ACE pathway can be enhanced by several means, including the regular consumption of KELEA activated water. This, in turn, may improve the proposed antenna function of individual neurons, leading to a sustained restoration of specialized function via the ACE pathway. This paper explores this novel concept and provides a rationale for clinical testing of KELEA activated water in patients with neurological and psychiatric illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease.

A study on drug utilization and prescription habits of physicians in a government homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India

Improper prescribing habits and inappropriate drug use lead to serious health and economic consequences. This study was undertaken to evaluate drug utilization services and prescription patterns of homeopathic doctors in a government homeopathic teaching hospital in India. METHODS： No standardized homeopathic drug use indicators are available. The researchers used indicators for health care setting （drug availability）-modified prescribing indicators and patient care indicators, based on World Health Organization＇s core drug use indicators. A cross- sectional, prospective, institutional, observational study of 2-month duration with record analysis was conducted on 600 patients visiting seven different outpatient departments （OPDs） for the first time at Mahesh Bhattacharyya Homeopathic Medical College ＆ Hospital, Howrah, West Bengal, India, using the developed indicators. RESULTS： Overall availability of prescribed drugs was quite satisfactory （92.28%）. Centesimal potencies accounted for the majority of prescriptions （74.76%）. There was a poor record of diagnosis （39.17%） except in the OPDs of Gynecology and Obstetrics （68.48%, P 〈 0.01） and Dermatology （64.58%, P 〈 0.01）. Records of investigational findings and ongoing therapies, if any, were also poor except OPDs of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Pediatrics. Structure of prescriptions was maintained satisfactorily in all the OPDs. Though tendency of using ＇individualized homeopathy＇ predominated, there also existed the use of ＇polypharmacy＇. Mean consultation time was 5.9 min. Labeling was extremely poor and is an area needing improvement. The prescriptions were highly legible. CONCLUSION： This was a preliminary study, conducted for the first time in homeopathy using newly developed indicators that yield meaningful results. Further studies are necessary in order to evaluate the different factors involved and to plan future interventions to improve the quality of care in healthcare settings.

COVID-19 rhapsody:Rage towards advanced diagnostics and therapeutic strategy

The deadly global outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has forged an unrivaled threat to human civilization.Contemplating its profuse impact,initial risk management and therapies are needed,as well as rapid detection strategies alongside treatments with existing drugs or traditional treatments to provide better clinical support for critical patients.Conventional detection techniques have been considered but do not sufficiently meet the current challenges of effective COVID-19 diagnosis.Therefore,several modern techniques including point-of-care diagnosis with a biosensor,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated proteins that function as nuclease(Cas)technology,next-generation sequencing,serological,digital,and imaging approaches have delivered improved and noteworthy success compared to that using traditional strategies.Conventional drug treatment,plasma therapy,and vaccine development are also ongoing.However,alternative medicines including Ayurveda,herbal drugs,homeopathy,and Unani have also been enlisted as prominent treatment strategies for developing herd immunity and physical defenses against COVID-19.All considered,this review can help develop rapid and simplified diagnostic strategies,as well as advanced evidencebased modern therapeutic approaches that will aid in combating the global pandemic.

KELEA Activation of Water and Other Fluids for Health, Agriculture and Industry

Water is a critical component in the functioning of the earth and of all living creatures. An important insight into the variable physical and biological properties of water has been provided by studies consistent with an external force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) that weakens the intermolecular bonding of water molecules. Simple methods are described in this paper for producing and testing KELEA activated water. A summary is also provided of many major applications of KELEA activated water in health, agriculture and industry. While several of the proposed applications require more rigorous scientific documentation and further optimization, collectively they present the compelling opportunity for KELEA activated water to immediately transform medical, agricultural and industrial practices. A coordinated endeavor is proposed to better understand the science of KELEA and to develop simplified protocols for utilizing KELEA activated water and other fluids in the presently described and likely numerous additional applications. This ambitious undertaking envisions the cooperation among a range of specialized philanthropic organizations, working within different countries and with the strong support of national governments.

Effects of Neurexan on Stress-Induced Changes of Spectral EEG Power: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Exploratory Trial in Human Volunteers

Neurexan is a multicomponent natural medicinal product?used?for?stress-related?symptoms such as nervous restlessness and insomnia. The present study?investigated?the?efficacy?of Neurexan on stress-induced changes of brainwave frequencies?using quantitative analysis of spectral EEG power. Thirty healthy male and female volunteers were tested in a randomized, placebo controlled cross-over trial under conditions of relaxation and experimental stress-in-?duction. Recording of the EEG was performed over four hours after drug administration. Data was?analyzed using the proprietary fast dynamic EEG technology Neurocode-Tracking. Quantitative EEG revealed a task dependent increase of beta2 power as a surrogate parameter of stress induced anxiety. The elevated frontotemporal beta2 power was ameliorated by intake of Neurexan during the second and third hour after administration. This indicates that Neurexan is effectively helping subjects to better cope with task-related stress situations.

Influence of High Dilutions of Cina for the Control of Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato Plants

Considering the importance of the tomato crop and the high costs for controlling Meloidogyne incognita with resistant cultivar or nematicides, it is necessary for the search of new alternatives to manage the root-knot disease. The homeopathy may be an alternative way of control, by inducing plant resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the homeopathic product Cina at dynamizations 12, 24, 50, 100, 200, and 400 CH (centesimal hahnemanian dilutions) on the number of root galls, eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) present in the roots of tomato and soil, as well on the growth of tomato plants. The Cina demonstrated effectiveness in stimulating root development, once the results of root volume were higher in homeopathic treatments than those in the control. Cina 100 CH also favored the growth of the stalk diameter of the plants. However, the homeopathic product showed no nematostatic nor nematicide effects. The potentized Cina is capable to induce tomato growth besides the presence of M. incognita infecting the roots, with no nematotoxic effects.

Cancer Is Treatable via the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

Energy is required for cell replication, differentiation and specialized cellular processes, including cell death from apoptosis. The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway is an additional source of cellular energy beyond that obtained from the metabolism of food. The added energy is presumptively derived from an environment force defined as KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). The ACE pathway is expressed as a dynamic (kinetic) activity of the body’s fluids that can seemingly facilitate biochemical reactions. Cancer is viewed as a metabolic derangement in genetically altered cells, in which the tumor cells have sufficient energy to replicate but insufficient cellular energy (ICE) to undergo preemptive apoptosis. Empirical observations are consistent with the premise that supplying additional cellular energy via the ACE pathway can enable tumor cells to undergo more timely apoptosis. The body’s ACE pathway can be enhanced by administering either KELEA activated water or KELEA attracting compounds, referred to as enerceuticalsTM. Increased levels of KELEA can also be created using various devices, which attract and subsequently transfer KELEA to the body or to water for subsequent administration. Several KELEA attracting devices operate by repetitive on-off electrical switching, while others involve the convergence of intermittent light paths. The fluctuating electrical activity of the brain is proposed to function as a variable antenna for bringing KELEA into the body. Preliminary evidence suggests that ACE pathway based interventional therapies may improve this presumed KELEA antenna function of the brain, leading to a sustainable improvement in the patient’s ACE pathway. It is proposed that cancers are treatable and probably also preventable using methods to enhance the ACE pathway. Such methods may include the routine drinking of KELEA activated water.

Critical Literature Review of the Homeopathic Compound Traumeel for Treatment of Inflammation

Traumeel is a compound that is utilized by a wide variety of healthcare practitioners to treat inflammatory states. It is utilized extensively in Germany for multiple inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this document is to review and critique publications written about Traumeel and Traumeel S, a proprietary formulation. Furthermore, this review will determine if the literature supports substituting Traumeel for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids or if adding Traumeel to NSAID and corticosteroid treatment protocols benefits patients with inflammation. Long-term use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids causes significant pathology leaving many patients without an effective treatment to manage their inflammatory condition. Traumeel does not have the severe side effect profile of NSAIDs and corticosteroids. There are important implications of the studies included in this review. The literature supports Traumeel as an effective alternative to NSAIDS and corticosteroids in preventing stomatitis for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Traumeel also provides pain-free outcomes following musculoskeletal and tissue injuries.

Tissue Regeneration without Scarring Achieved by Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway

The inflammatory and fibrous responses to injuries are painful and are inhibitory to the regeneration of specialized cells. The fibrous scarring of skin injuries can also be disfiguring. Cells obtain energy not only from the metabolism of food, but also via the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. The ACE pathway is reflected in a dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body’s fluids. It is postulated to result from the absorption of an environmental force called KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). The body’s ACE pathway can be enhanced by the parental administration and even the oral consumption of products comprising KELEA activated water. One of these products, termed Enercel, was originally considered a complex homeopathic remedy. Another product is water containing electrolysis-generated, copper-silver-citrate (CSC) complexes. This product was initially formulated to be bacteriocidal, especially for Gram positive bacteria. This article describes the independent successful use of each of these two products in achieving essentially painless, scar-free healing of skin injuries. The skin injuries were due to a variety of causes including: vascular insufficiency from diabetes;hot water burn;penetrating object;chronic infection;and surgical incision. It is proposed that the ACE pathway increases the resilience of cells of the innate immune system to the triggering of an inflammatory reaction by “danger signals” released from damaged tissues. KELEA activated water should be widely available for the urgent therapy of burns and other traumatic injuries to the skin. ACE pathway enhancing modalities also need to be evaluated in the repair of cellular damage occurring to the heart, brain and other internal organs of the body.

Homeopathic Medicine Versus Traditional Chinese Medicine:An Analytical Overview

Conventional homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)are two popular alternative systems of medicine,which are practiced also in many countries outsidethe countries of origin.Homeopathy originated in Germany in the 19th century and spread throughout the world in spite of antagonism by theorthodox practitioners.It is a holistic medicine based on the principles of treatment where the remedy and the disease have similar symptoms,applies a single potentized medicine at a time,in minimum dose.TCM,also a holistic medicine originating in ancient China about 3000 years ago,has been developed and practiced through centuries till today as one of the most popular alternative medicines in the world.Both the systems ofmedicine have many differences in theories,principles and practices,but they have some important aspects in common.Both are holistic in approach,treating the whole patient,not the affected organs only;focusing on stimulating the intrinsic life principle to bring order,and on homeostasis and balance in the organism.In therapeutics,they may advantageously be applied as adjuvant to each other,producing synergistic effects.

Efficacy of 2LPAPI®, a Micro-Immunotherapy Drug, in Patients with High-Risk Papillomavirus Genital Infection

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well known for being linked to the development of cervical cancers, most of them being caused by the high-risk (HR) oncogenic genotypes, mainly 16 and 18. The efficacy of 2LPAPI® (Labo’Life), a micro-immunotherapy homeopathic drug, has been evaluated in HR-HPV infected women (n = 18), in a private gynecology practice, by comparing them to an untreated control group (n = 18). Patients were 20 to 45 years old and had cytology with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) or Low grade Superficial Intra Lesions/ Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade I (LSIL/CINI). Patients freely chose to be treated with the drug or not. Those deciding not to take the drug remained untreated and were followed as a control group. The drug was taken at the regimen of one capsule per day during 6 months. HR-HPV and cytology were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. After 12 months, HR-HPV was cleared in 78% of the patients taking the drug versus 44% in those not taking it (p = 0.086). In patients over 25 years, HR-HPV clearance in the treated group was significantly higher (81.3%) than in the control group (20%) (p = 0.004). The difference in the regression of the lesion grades almost reached statistical significance (p = 0.053). This follow-up confirms that the micro-immunotherapy drug 2LPAPI® is a safe and effective therapeutic approach to treat HR-HPV cervical lesions in women over 25 years.

The horror of Romantic medicine and its befitting demise

Romantic medicine in continental Europe was practiced from the 1790s until the mid-nineteenth century as part of the greater movement of Romanticism.It reacted to an ongoing foundational crisis in medicine when radically new approaches to healing were essential.Especially in German-speaking countries,Romantic medicine resulted fom anti-science sentiments to Enlightenment ideas favoring scientific progress based 0 materialist and reductionist assumptions.For the Romanticists,these were troublesome fo the individual,nature and the future.However,without understanding disease and by rejecting both the scientific method and mysticism,attention tumed to post-Kantian idealism and Naturphilosophie What distinguished Romantic medicine from existing humoralism was a passion for comprehending the exceptional attribute of life itself,implicitly from which a new medicine could ascend.However,better healthcare was not(achieved).Although anatomy and physiology had made rapid strides,these did not directly benefit patients.News of successive developments in medicine did not appear to circulate to healers.Meantime,since the eighteenth century,recognition of the seat of disease had progressed from the whole-body(humor theory),to organs(Morgagni),to tissues(Bichat)。and eventually to cells(Virchow)where hypotheses could be tested.Possible reasons for the downfall of Romantic medicine include socio-political pressures that demanded better healthcare,Comte's positivism,the successes of cell and germ theories of disease,Virchow's Cellularpathologie,diminishing professional dogmatism and improved medical communications.

Staging of Adrenal Gland and Pancreas Neoplastic Cystwith Ultradiluted Viscum album:Case Report

Many animal adrenal lesions are frequently observed at necropsy and most often are asymptomatic with clinical syndromes that cause hypofunction or hyperfunction of the gland.The objective of this report is to demonstrate the staging of cysts and to report the clinical evolution of the dog that presented pathognomonic lesions of Cushing's Syndrome and developed Adrenal Cyst and a mass in the Pancreas.We concluded that the use of ultradiluted Viscum album in this patient promoted the control and staging of cystic tumor disease,pruritus and improved immunity to date,totaling 22 months of injectable therapy.

Apoptotic and autophagic death union by Thuja occidentalis homeopathic drug in cervical cancer cells with thujone as the bioactive principle

Objective‘Multi-targeting’drugs can prove fruitful to combat drug-resistance of multifactorial disease—cervical cancer.This study envisioned to reveal if Thuja homeopathic mother tincture(MT)and its bioactive component could combat human papillomavirus(HPV)-16-infected SiHa cervical cancer cells since it is globally acclaimed for HPV-mediated warts.Methods Thuja MT was studied for its antiproliferative and antimigratory properties in SiHa cells followed by microscopic determination of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFDA)staining and loss in mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)by rhodamine(Rh)123 staining.Apoptosis and autophagy inductions were studied by acridine orange(AO)ethidium bromide(EB)staining and immunoblot analyses of marker proteins.The bioactive component of Thuja MT detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was studied for antiproliferative and antimigratory properties along with in silico prediction of its cellular targets by molecular docking and oral drug forming competency.Results Thuja MT showed significant antiproliferative and antimigratory potential in SiHa cells at a 50%inhibitory concentration(IC50)dosage of 17.3μL/mL.An increase in DCFDA fluorescence and loss in Rh123 fluorescence prove that Thuja MT acted through the burst of ROS and loss in MMP respectively.AO/EB-stained cells under the microscope and immunoblot analyses supported Thuja-induced cellular demise via dual pathways—apoptosis and autophagy.Immunoblots showed cleavage of caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)along with upregulation of Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B)-II,and p62 proteins.Hence,the apoptotic cascade followed a caspase-3-dependent pathway supported by PARP-1 cleavage,while autophagic death was Beclin-1-dependent and mediated by accumulation of LC3BII and p62 proteins.Thujone,detected as the bioactive principle of Thuja MT showed greater anti-proliferative and anti-migratory potential at an IC5077μg/mL along with excellent oral drug competency with the ability for gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain-barrier permeation with nil toxicity.Molecular docking depicted thujone with the strongest affinity for mammalian target of rapamycin,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,and protein kinase B followed by B-cell lymphoma 2,murine double minute 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,which might act as upstream triggers of apoptotic-autophagic crosstalk.Conclusion Robust‘multi-targeting’anticancer potential of Thuja drug and thujone for HPV-infected cervical cancer ascertain its therapeutic efficacy for HPV infections.

Homeopathic potencies of Arnica montana L. change gene expression in a Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 cell line in vitro model: the role of ethanol as a possible confounder and statistical bias

Marzotto et al. showed that homeopathic preparations of Amica montana L. acted directly on gene expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein- 1 （THP-1） monocyte/macrophage cell lines activated with phorbol 12-mydstate 13- acetate and interleukin-4 （IL-4）. A. montana homeopathic dilutions are used in complementary and alternative medicine to treat inflammation disorders and post-traumatic events as well as for wound repair. The French Pharmacopoeia of these remedies uses 0.3% ethanol in each centesimal dilution. In this paper, we discuss how ethanol-containing A. montana homeopathic centesimal dilutions can change gene expression in IL-4- treated monocyte/macrophage THP-I. We assessed the role of ethanol in the Arnica homeopathic dilutions containing this alcohol by investigating its action on gene expression of THP-1 cell. Evidence would strongly suggest that the presence of ethanol in these remedies might play a fundamental role in the dilutions ability to affect gene expression, particularly for doses from 5c to 15c. Where, rather than playing a major role in the mesoscopic structure of water, the ethanol might have a chemical-physical role in the induction of THP-1 gene expression, apoptosis, and deoxyribonucleic acid function. This evidence generates a debate about the suggestion that the use of a binary-mixed solvent in homeopathic chemistry, used by Hahnemann since 1810, may be fundamental to explain the activity of homeopathy on cell models.