It is too difficult for a compacted specimen of unsaturated clay prepared and used in a laboratory test to have homogeneous water content and porosity. Although there have been many hydraulic and mechanical studies, t...It is too difficult for a compacted specimen of unsaturated clay prepared and used in a laboratory test to have homogeneous water content and porosity. Although there have been many hydraulic and mechanical studies, there are few papers related to homogeneity of specimen. However, it is clear that homogeneity of specimen influences mechanical properties. In this paper, the use of micro-waves is proposed as method for making homogeneous specimens. The study results indicate that specimens made by micro-waves are more homogeneous than compacted specimens.展开更多
Direct regeneration is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way of recycling spent Li-ion batteries.In this study,a new method is adopted to regenerate spent LiFePO_(4).First,the spent LiFePO_(4) powder is homogeni...Direct regeneration is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way of recycling spent Li-ion batteries.In this study,a new method is adopted to regenerate spent LiFePO_(4).First,the spent LiFePO_(4) powder is homogenized,and then,small amounts of a lithium source and a carbon source are thoroughly mixed by spray drying.After that,a high-temperature solid-phase method is used to regenerate the carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate.Compared with traditional regeneration methods,the proposed method significantly improves the universality of spent LiFePO_(4) having different degrees of damage.The regenerated LiFePO_(4) is characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and electrochemical measurements.The results show that the regenerated sample has a stable morphology,structure,and electrochemical performance.Under the conditions of 0.1C,the initial capacity exceeds 160 mA h g^(-1).After 800 cycles under the conditions of 1C,the capacity retention is 80%,which satisfies the requirements for regenerated LiFePO_(4) batteries.展开更多
The aggregation of inorganic particles with high mass ratio will form a heterogeneous electric field in the solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs),which is difficult to be compatible with lithium anode,leading to inadequate...The aggregation of inorganic particles with high mass ratio will form a heterogeneous electric field in the solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs),which is difficult to be compatible with lithium anode,leading to inadequate ionic conductivity.Herein,a facile spray drying method is adopted to increase the mass ratio of inorganic particles and solve the aggregation problems of fillers simultaneously.The polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)covers the surface of each Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)granules during the nebulization process,then forming flat solid electrolytes via layer-by-layer deposition.Characterized by the atomic force microscope,the obtained solid electrolytes achieve a homogenous dispersion of Young’s modulus and surface electric field.As a result,the as-prepared SPEs present high tensile strength of 7.1 MPa,high ionic conductivity of 1.86×10^(−4)S·cm^(−1)at room temperature,and wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V,demonstrating increased mechanical strength and uniform lithium-ion migration channels for SPEs.Thanks to the as-prepared SPEs,the lithiumsymmetrical cells show a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 1,000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(−2).The corresponding Li/LCoO_(2)batteries also present good rate capability and excellent cyclic performance with capacity retention of 80%after 100 cycles at room temperature.展开更多
A 44revolution''in the craft brewing industry has led to high demand for dryhopped beers and increasing production in breweries both small and large.However,there are many challenges associated with the automa...A 44revolution''in the craft brewing industry has led to high demand for dryhopped beers and increasing production in breweries both small and large.However,there are many challenges associated with the automation and scale-up of dry-hopping techniques to larger beer volumes.These include efficient introduction of the hops without excessive oxygen pick-up,effective extraction of the aroma compounds into large beer volumes,removal of the hops while minimizing product loss,and efficient cleaning in place of the system.Most existing dry-hopping systems in the market exhibit capacity limitations,are difficult to clean by automated clean-in-place processes,and are challenging to integrate into automated modern breweries.The potential of rotary jet mixers for dry-hopping applications has been considered,but the high particulate loads in the fluid require a special mixer design.Alfa Laval has developed the Iso-Mix external drive system,a new type of rotary jet mixer suitable for dry hopping of larger beer volumes.The system homogenizes hop distribution in the beer,potentially reducing the required quantity of hops while attaining the desired flavors.Homogenization continues during transfer to downstream centrifligation,improving the separation efficiency and product clarity.It is easily automated and allows flexibility in the method of hops introduction.The process configuration is similar to conventional rotary jet mixing systems,and as such,the system can also be used to optimize the fermentation,maturation,and crash-cooling processes.This article examines the challenges of large-scale dry hopping and demonstrates how the new system improves the dryhopping process for larger tanks.展开更多
文摘It is too difficult for a compacted specimen of unsaturated clay prepared and used in a laboratory test to have homogeneous water content and porosity. Although there have been many hydraulic and mechanical studies, there are few papers related to homogeneity of specimen. However, it is clear that homogeneity of specimen influences mechanical properties. In this paper, the use of micro-waves is proposed as method for making homogeneous specimens. The study results indicate that specimens made by micro-waves are more homogeneous than compacted specimens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21703218 and U21A20307)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180507183907224 and KQTD20170809110344233)the Guangdong Province Covid-19 Pandemic Control Research Fund(2020KZDZX1220).
文摘Direct regeneration is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way of recycling spent Li-ion batteries.In this study,a new method is adopted to regenerate spent LiFePO_(4).First,the spent LiFePO_(4) powder is homogenized,and then,small amounts of a lithium source and a carbon source are thoroughly mixed by spray drying.After that,a high-temperature solid-phase method is used to regenerate the carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate.Compared with traditional regeneration methods,the proposed method significantly improves the universality of spent LiFePO_(4) having different degrees of damage.The regenerated LiFePO_(4) is characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and electrochemical measurements.The results show that the regenerated sample has a stable morphology,structure,and electrochemical performance.Under the conditions of 0.1C,the initial capacity exceeds 160 mA h g^(-1).After 800 cycles under the conditions of 1C,the capacity retention is 80%,which satisfies the requirements for regenerated LiFePO_(4) batteries.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21805147).
文摘The aggregation of inorganic particles with high mass ratio will form a heterogeneous electric field in the solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs),which is difficult to be compatible with lithium anode,leading to inadequate ionic conductivity.Herein,a facile spray drying method is adopted to increase the mass ratio of inorganic particles and solve the aggregation problems of fillers simultaneously.The polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)covers the surface of each Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)granules during the nebulization process,then forming flat solid electrolytes via layer-by-layer deposition.Characterized by the atomic force microscope,the obtained solid electrolytes achieve a homogenous dispersion of Young’s modulus and surface electric field.As a result,the as-prepared SPEs present high tensile strength of 7.1 MPa,high ionic conductivity of 1.86×10^(−4)S·cm^(−1)at room temperature,and wide electrochemical window up to 5.0 V,demonstrating increased mechanical strength and uniform lithium-ion migration channels for SPEs.Thanks to the as-prepared SPEs,the lithiumsymmetrical cells show a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 1,000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(−2).The corresponding Li/LCoO_(2)batteries also present good rate capability and excellent cyclic performance with capacity retention of 80%after 100 cycles at room temperature.
文摘A 44revolution''in the craft brewing industry has led to high demand for dryhopped beers and increasing production in breweries both small and large.However,there are many challenges associated with the automation and scale-up of dry-hopping techniques to larger beer volumes.These include efficient introduction of the hops without excessive oxygen pick-up,effective extraction of the aroma compounds into large beer volumes,removal of the hops while minimizing product loss,and efficient cleaning in place of the system.Most existing dry-hopping systems in the market exhibit capacity limitations,are difficult to clean by automated clean-in-place processes,and are challenging to integrate into automated modern breweries.The potential of rotary jet mixers for dry-hopping applications has been considered,but the high particulate loads in the fluid require a special mixer design.Alfa Laval has developed the Iso-Mix external drive system,a new type of rotary jet mixer suitable for dry hopping of larger beer volumes.The system homogenizes hop distribution in the beer,potentially reducing the required quantity of hops while attaining the desired flavors.Homogenization continues during transfer to downstream centrifligation,improving the separation efficiency and product clarity.It is easily automated and allows flexibility in the method of hops introduction.The process configuration is similar to conventional rotary jet mixing systems,and as such,the system can also be used to optimize the fermentation,maturation,and crash-cooling processes.This article examines the challenges of large-scale dry hopping and demonstrates how the new system improves the dryhopping process for larger tanks.
