A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should...A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.展开更多
In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimi...In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimize average delay of arterial vehicles by training the interaction ability between agents and exterior environments. The Robertson platoon dispersion model is embedded in the RL algorithm to precisely predict platoon movements on arteries and then the reward function is developed based on the dispersion model and delay equations cited by HCM2000. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in a Matlab environment and comparisons between the algorithm and the conventional coordination algorithm are conducted in three different traffic load scenarios. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in all the scenarios. Moreover, with the increase in saturation degree, the performance is improved more significantly. The results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the established algorithm.展开更多
In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared...In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the dispersion properties of the resulting graphene in an aqueous solution of silane coupling agents.Results show that all six types of silane coupling agents are efficient in promoting the dispersion of graphene in aqueous solutions,and no obvious sedimentation of the graphene dispersion solution is observed after a stationary storage period of 30 d.Taking 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH-550)as an example,after the graphene is dispersed in the KH-550 aqueous solution,the carboxyl group on the surface of the graphene reacts with the KH-550 amino group to form an amide bond,and KH-550 is successfully grafted onto the graphene surface.Polar functional groups ionize in water,creating an electrostatic repulsion effect,or hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,which is believed to improve the dispersion stability of graphene.The dispersed graphene is curled and contains many folds.Each fold has about three or four layers,with an interlayer spacing of about 0.65 nm.The dispersed graphene also has a complete lattice and a reduced number of defects.Nanographene disperses well in silane coupling agent aqueous solutions and can,therefore,be used to prepare cement-based composites.展开更多
Owing to the formation of aggregation and gelation during storage,certain proteins and peptides exhibit limited applications in aqueous protein food products.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence ...Owing to the formation of aggregation and gelation during storage,certain proteins and peptides exhibit limited applications in aqueous protein food products.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of homogenization and xanthan gum addition on the dispersion stability of Mytilus edulis hydrolysate(PHM).High-pressure homogenization(HPH)at 360 and 40 bar in the first and second values,respectively,and adding xanthan gum at a concentration of 1 mg/mL showed significantly improvement on the stability of the PHM solution.PHM-xanthan gum solutions(PHMX)showed the highest polypeptide precipitation rate and turbidity retention rate compared with those of PHM.Moreover,the centrifugal precipitation rate of PHMX without HPH was higher than that of homogeneous PHMX.After HPH treatment at 400 bar,the percentage of smaller particles in PHM and PHMX was increased,the aqueous system became more uniform,and the fluorescence intensity reached its maximum.HPH pretreatment improved the polypeptide dispersion stability and turbidity retention rate of PHM and PHMX and reduced the fluorescence intensity.The interactions of xanthan gum and polypeptide render the network microstructure more uniform under the conditions of homogenization,thus improving the dispersion stability of PHMX solutions.Therefore,under the premise of adding xanthan gum,HPH can better enhance the dispersion stability of the polypeptide in PHM.展开更多
Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents....Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents. The drugs used include: mexiletine (8 cases), moricizine (9), propafenone (12) and apridine (1). GrouP Ⅱ was composed of other 30 patients, and were all treated with amiodarone. The ddlerences of QT intervals between ECG leads (QTd and QTcd) were measured belore and aler medication. Results Before medication, the QTmax and QTcmax in group Ⅱ were signilicantly longer than those of group Ⅰ, resulting in greater QTd and QTcd in grouP Ⅱ (QTd:66± 14ms vs 31± 16ms, P<0.01; QTcd:71±36ms vs 44± 18ms, P<0.01). Alter medication, QTmax and QTcmax of group Ⅰ were prolonged, leading to the lengthening of QTd (from 31±16ms to 45±17ms, P<0.01) and QTcd (from 44± 18 ms to 58± 21ms, P<0.05), indicating the increase of inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization after the treatment of class Ⅰ agents. Alter amiodarone treatment, QTmin and QTmax in grouP Ⅱ were both prolonged, with a greater amplitude of QTmin prolongation, resulting in decreased QTd and QTcd in group Ⅱ (QTd /rom 66± 14ms to 36±22ms, P<0.01, QTcd from 71±36ms to 45±27ms, P<0.01). The signifcant dofference of QTd and QTcd between two groups disappeared aler medication. Conclusion The results of the present study may relect the opposite effects of amiodarone and these class Ⅰ agents on myocardial repolarization.展开更多
This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 m...This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 mm）,reactive alumina micropowder（ PFR40,PBR,and CL） and calcined alumina micropowder（ AC34 B5 and CT） as the main starting materials,calcium aluminate cement（ Secar71） as the binder,and polycarboxylic acid water reducer WS,FS,and AD as the dispersive agent,respectively. Effects of three dispersive agents addition（ 0. 4 mass% WS,0. 2 mass% FS and 1 mass% AD）,two kinds of reactive alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40 and PBR）,composite alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40-AC34 B5 and CL-CT,the mass ratio from 9/0 to 3/6）on the flow value,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture of Al2 O3-MgO castables were investigated. The results show that：（ 1） with PBR or PFR40,the castables with0. 4 mass% WS own better performance than those with0. 2 mass% FS or 1 mass% AD;（ 2） compared with the castables with CL-CT composite powder, the castables with PFR40-AC34 B5 composite powder have slightly higher flow value; with the decreasing ratio of PFR40 and AC34 B5,or the decreasing ratio of CL andCT,the castables have declined flow value and the dried castable specimens have decreased density but the mildly changed strength; in consideration of the high price of reactive alumina,a proper compositing ratio shall be selected.展开更多
The mechanism of the response motion of a suspended particle to turbulent motion of its surrounding fluid is different according to si:e of turbulent eddies. The particle is dragged by the viscous force of large eddie...The mechanism of the response motion of a suspended particle to turbulent motion of its surrounding fluid is different according to si:e of turbulent eddies. The particle is dragged by the viscous force of large eddies, and meanwhile driven randomly by small eddies. Based on this understanding, the dispersion of a particle with finite size in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence is calculated in this study. Results show that there are two competing effects: when enhanced by the inertia of a particle, the long-term particle diffusivity is reduced by the finite size of the particle.展开更多
It was found that silica fume can reduce the maximum hydration heat release rate of cement by microcalorimetry,inhibit CAH_(10),promote the generation of C_(3)AH_(6)and strätlingite C_(2)ASH_(8),or promote the co...It was found that silica fume can reduce the maximum hydration heat release rate of cement by microcalorimetry,inhibit CAH_(10),promote the generation of C_(3)AH_(6)and strätlingite C_(2)ASH_(8),or promote the conversion of CAH_(10)to C_(3)AH_(6).Sodium tripolyphosphate can retard the early hydration of cement,have a slight effect on 1 d hydration products of cement and inhibit the generation hydration products.Sodium tripolyphosphate and silica fume can promote the early hydration of cement,advance the formation of C_(2)ASH_(8)or the conversion from CAH_(10)to C_(3)AH_(6)at 1 d.展开更多
文摘A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period of China (No. 2009BAG17B02)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2011AA110304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50908100)
文摘In order to reduce average arterial vehicle delay, a novel distributed and coordinated traffic control algorithm is developed using the multiple agent system and the reinforce learning （RL）. The RL is used to minimize average delay of arterial vehicles by training the interaction ability between agents and exterior environments. The Robertson platoon dispersion model is embedded in the RL algorithm to precisely predict platoon movements on arteries and then the reward function is developed based on the dispersion model and delay equations cited by HCM2000. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in a Matlab environment and comparisons between the algorithm and the conventional coordination algorithm are conducted in three different traffic load scenarios. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in all the scenarios. Moreover, with the increase in saturation degree, the performance is improved more significantly. The results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the established algorithm.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0406701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778133,51739008).
文摘In order to reduce the agglomeration of nanographene and improve its dispersibility,six silane coupling agents were used to modify the surface of the nanographene particles.Visual inspection,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the dispersion properties of the resulting graphene in an aqueous solution of silane coupling agents.Results show that all six types of silane coupling agents are efficient in promoting the dispersion of graphene in aqueous solutions,and no obvious sedimentation of the graphene dispersion solution is observed after a stationary storage period of 30 d.Taking 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH-550)as an example,after the graphene is dispersed in the KH-550 aqueous solution,the carboxyl group on the surface of the graphene reacts with the KH-550 amino group to form an amide bond,and KH-550 is successfully grafted onto the graphene surface.Polar functional groups ionize in water,creating an electrostatic repulsion effect,or hydrophilic functional groups form hydrogen bonds with water molecules,which is believed to improve the dispersion stability of graphene.The dispersed graphene is curled and contains many folds.Each fold has about three or four layers,with an interlayer spacing of about 0.65 nm.The dispersed graphene also has a complete lattice and a reduced number of defects.Nanographene disperses well in silane coupling agent aqueous solutions and can,therefore,be used to prepare cement-based composites.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Research and Development Plan M¨odern Food Processing and Food Storage and Transportation Technology and Equipment”(2017YFD0400201)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771926).
文摘Owing to the formation of aggregation and gelation during storage,certain proteins and peptides exhibit limited applications in aqueous protein food products.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of homogenization and xanthan gum addition on the dispersion stability of Mytilus edulis hydrolysate(PHM).High-pressure homogenization(HPH)at 360 and 40 bar in the first and second values,respectively,and adding xanthan gum at a concentration of 1 mg/mL showed significantly improvement on the stability of the PHM solution.PHM-xanthan gum solutions(PHMX)showed the highest polypeptide precipitation rate and turbidity retention rate compared with those of PHM.Moreover,the centrifugal precipitation rate of PHMX without HPH was higher than that of homogeneous PHMX.After HPH treatment at 400 bar,the percentage of smaller particles in PHM and PHMX was increased,the aqueous system became more uniform,and the fluorescence intensity reached its maximum.HPH pretreatment improved the polypeptide dispersion stability and turbidity retention rate of PHM and PHMX and reduced the fluorescence intensity.The interactions of xanthan gum and polypeptide render the network microstructure more uniform under the conditions of homogenization,thus improving the dispersion stability of PHMX solutions.Therefore,under the premise of adding xanthan gum,HPH can better enhance the dispersion stability of the polypeptide in PHM.
文摘Objective To investigate the elfects of some class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic agents on QT dispersion and compared with those of amiodarone. Methods Group I was composed of 30 cases, they were all treated with class Ⅰ agents. The drugs used include: mexiletine (8 cases), moricizine (9), propafenone (12) and apridine (1). GrouP Ⅱ was composed of other 30 patients, and were all treated with amiodarone. The ddlerences of QT intervals between ECG leads (QTd and QTcd) were measured belore and aler medication. Results Before medication, the QTmax and QTcmax in group Ⅱ were signilicantly longer than those of group Ⅰ, resulting in greater QTd and QTcd in grouP Ⅱ (QTd:66± 14ms vs 31± 16ms, P<0.01; QTcd:71±36ms vs 44± 18ms, P<0.01). Alter medication, QTmax and QTcmax of group Ⅰ were prolonged, leading to the lengthening of QTd (from 31±16ms to 45±17ms, P<0.01) and QTcd (from 44± 18 ms to 58± 21ms, P<0.05), indicating the increase of inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization after the treatment of class Ⅰ agents. Alter amiodarone treatment, QTmin and QTmax in grouP Ⅱ were both prolonged, with a greater amplitude of QTmin prolongation, resulting in decreased QTd and QTcd in group Ⅱ (QTd /rom 66± 14ms to 36±22ms, P<0.01, QTcd from 71±36ms to 45±27ms, P<0.01). The signifcant dofference of QTd and QTcd between two groups disappeared aler medication. Conclusion The results of the present study may relect the opposite effects of amiodarone and these class Ⅰ agents on myocardial repolarization.
文摘This work aims at enhancing the workability of Al2 O3-Mg O castables. Al2 O3-Mg O castables were prepared using tabular alumina particles（ 5-3,3-1,≤1 mm）,tabular alumina fines（ ≤0. 088 mm）,fused magnesia（ ≤1 mm）,reactive alumina micropowder（ PFR40,PBR,and CL） and calcined alumina micropowder（ AC34 B5 and CT） as the main starting materials,calcium aluminate cement（ Secar71） as the binder,and polycarboxylic acid water reducer WS,FS,and AD as the dispersive agent,respectively. Effects of three dispersive agents addition（ 0. 4 mass% WS,0. 2 mass% FS and 1 mass% AD）,two kinds of reactive alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40 and PBR）,composite alumina micropowder addition（ PFR40-AC34 B5 and CL-CT,the mass ratio from 9/0 to 3/6）on the flow value,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold crushing strength and cold modulus of rupture of Al2 O3-MgO castables were investigated. The results show that：（ 1） with PBR or PFR40,the castables with0. 4 mass% WS own better performance than those with0. 2 mass% FS or 1 mass% AD;（ 2） compared with the castables with CL-CT composite powder, the castables with PFR40-AC34 B5 composite powder have slightly higher flow value; with the decreasing ratio of PFR40 and AC34 B5,or the decreasing ratio of CL andCT,the castables have declined flow value and the dried castable specimens have decreased density but the mildly changed strength; in consideration of the high price of reactive alumina,a proper compositing ratio shall be selected.
文摘The mechanism of the response motion of a suspended particle to turbulent motion of its surrounding fluid is different according to si:e of turbulent eddies. The particle is dragged by the viscous force of large eddies, and meanwhile driven randomly by small eddies. Based on this understanding, the dispersion of a particle with finite size in a homogeneous isotropic turbulence is calculated in this study. Results show that there are two competing effects: when enhanced by the inertia of a particle, the long-term particle diffusivity is reduced by the finite size of the particle.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802235)Hubei Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,China(No.2023DJC087)。
文摘It was found that silica fume can reduce the maximum hydration heat release rate of cement by microcalorimetry,inhibit CAH_(10),promote the generation of C_(3)AH_(6)and strätlingite C_(2)ASH_(8),or promote the conversion of CAH_(10)to C_(3)AH_(6).Sodium tripolyphosphate can retard the early hydration of cement,have a slight effect on 1 d hydration products of cement and inhibit the generation hydration products.Sodium tripolyphosphate and silica fume can promote the early hydration of cement,advance the formation of C_(2)ASH_(8)or the conversion from CAH_(10)to C_(3)AH_(6)at 1 d.
