A Synchronization Acquisition Algorithm Based on the Frequency Hopping Pulses Combining

As modern electromagnetic environments are more and more complex,the anti-interference performance of the synchronization acquisition is becoming vital in wireless communications.With the rapid development of the digital signal processing technologies,some synchronization acquisition algorithms for hybrid direct-sequence(DS)/frequency hopping(FH)spread spectrum communications have been proposed.However,these algorithms do not focus on the analysis and the design of the synchronization acquisition under typical interferences.In this paper,a synchronization acquisition algorithm based on the frequency hopping pulses combining(FHPC)is proposed.Specifically,the proposed algorithm is composed of two modules:an adaptive interference suppression(IS)module and an adaptive combining decision module.The adaptive IS module mitigates the effect of the interfered samples in the time-domain or the frequencydomain,and the adaptive combining decision module can utilize each frequency hopping pulse to construct an anti-interference decision metric and generate an adaptive acquisition decision threshold to complete the acquisition.Theory and simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly enhances the antiinterference and anti-noise performances of the synchronization acquisition for hybrid DS/FH communications.

Gigahertz frequency hopping in an optical phase-locked loop for Raman lasers

Raman lasers are essential in atomic physics,and the development of portable devices has posed requirements for time-division multiplexing of Raman lasers.We demonstrate an innovative gigahertz frequency hopping approach of a slave Raman laser within an optical phase-locked loop(OPLL),which finds practical application in an atomic gravimeter,where the OPLL frequently switches between near-resonance lasers and significantly detuned Raman lasers.The method merges the advantages of rapid and extensive frequency hopping with the OPLL’s inherent low phase noise,and exhibits a versatile range of applications in compact laser systems,promising advancements in portable instruments.

Quantum correlations and entanglement in coupled optomechanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferometric power analysis

Quantum correlations that surpass entanglement are of great importance in the realms of quantum information processing and quantum computation.Essentially,for quantum systems prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate between quantum entanglement and quantum correlation.Nonetheless,this indistinguishability is no longer holds for mixed states.To contribute to a better understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a simple model for both generating and measuring these quantum correlations.Our study concerns two macroscopic mechanical resonators placed in separate Fabry–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping process.this system offers a comprehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum correlations beyond entanglement between these mechanical modes.The key ingredient in analyzing quantum correlation in this system is the global covariance matrix.It forms the basis for computing two essential metrics:the logarithmic negativity(E_(N)^(m))and the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m)).These metrics provide the tools to measure the degree of quantum entanglement and quantum correlations,respectively.Our study reveals that the Gaussian interferometric power(P_(G)^(m))proves to be a more suitable metric for characterizing quantum correlations among the mechanical modes in an optomechanical quantum system,particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

Moisture‑Electric–Moisture‑Sensitive Heterostructure Triggered Proton Hopping for Quality‑Enhancing Moist‑Electric Generator

Moisture-enabled electricity(ME)is a method of converting the potential energy of water in the external environment into electrical energy through the interaction of functional materials with water molecules and can be directly applied to energy harvesting and signal expression.However,ME can be unreliable in numerous applications due to its sluggish response to moisture,thus sacrificing the value of fast energy harvesting and highly accurate information representation.Here,by constructing a moisture-electric-moisture-sensitive(ME-MS)heterostructure,we develop an efficient ME generator with ultra-fast electric response to moisture achieved by triggering Grotthuss protons hopping in the sensitized ZnO,which modulates the heterostructure built-in interfacial potential,enables quick response(0.435 s),an unprecedented ultra-fast response rate of 972.4 mV s^(−1),and a durable electrical signal output for 8 h without any attenuation.Our research provides an efficient way to generate electricity and important insight for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of moisture-generated carrier migration in ME generator,which has a more comprehensive working scene and can serve as a typical model for human health monitoring and smart medical electronics design.

开垦河水文站FFH100型自动蒸发设备与人工观测比测分析

FFH100型自动蒸发装置是目前比较先进的设备,能够自动监测蒸发量,极大地提高监测效率。为验证FFH100型自动蒸发装置在新疆开垦河水文站应用中的准确程度,选取开垦河水文站2022年5月1日-9月30日FFH100型自动蒸发设备和同步人工观测蒸发量数据,对观测结果进行比测分析,结果表明:两组数据系列变化连续,无突变现象,蒸发量数据密集成一带状,均呈线性关系,相关性很好,R值分别为日蒸发量0.975 3、旬蒸发量0.962 2、月蒸发量0.984 4,证明FFH100型自动蒸发设备观测精度符合要求,可以在水文站放心使用。

A Fine Synchronization Method for Coherent Fast Frequency Hopping

Coherent fast frequency hopping(CFFH)is attracting growing attention owing to its good antijamming performance and the coherent combining ability.However,compared with the conventional non-coherent fast frequency hopping,CFFH requires a more precise system synchronization.In this paper,we propose a new fine synchronization algorithm for CFFH.This algorithm consists two stages,namely,open-loop stage and closed-loop stage.In the openloop stage,a grid-based search parameter estimation method is proposed.In the closed-loop stage,we construct a fully coherent phase-locked loop(PLL)and a delay-locked loop(DLL)with decoding feedback structure to perform further fine estimation of the system clock skew and time delay,respectively.Moreover,we analyze the effect of the search parameter settings on the estimation error and derive the root mean squared error(RMSE)of estimates in the steady state of the closed-loop stage.Finally,through simulation,the RMSE performance are compared with the corresponding Cramer-Rao low bound(CRLB)and conventional code loop estimation to show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.

FFH100型自动蒸发设备比对分析及使用

为满足水文观测的自动化要求,给水文站自动蒸发设备的推广使用提供依据,在安塞水文站安装FFH100型自动蒸发设备,统计自动蒸发设备累积观测的与人工观测的日蒸发量数据(共计82组),在分析自动蒸发设备构造及计算原理的基础上,对82组日蒸发量数据进行比对分析,分析观测误差及来源。通过数据定量回归分析及自动蒸发设备实际使用,结果表明:人工和自动蒸发设备观测得到的2个数据变量的相关系数R达到0.988,具备很高的单值对应关系,能够满足水面蒸发观测规范要求,且自动蒸发设备在降雨期间能对蒸发量进行计量并实现自动采集与远程发报,实现蒸发观测的自动无人化,可作为北方地区非冰期水面蒸发自动测量设备选择之一。

NOMA-Based Collaborative Beam Hopping Frequency Allocation Mechanism for Future LEO Satellite Systems

Low Earth orbit(LEO) satellite systems provide terrestrial users with services that are not limited by geographical location. However, the conflict between existing allocation schemes and the business variability between beams is becoming increasingly prominent. Beam hopping technology allows for a more flexible and versatile approach to satellite resource allocation. This paper proposes a beam hopping pattern optimization scheme that jointly considers the interference threshold distance and beam service priority, reducing the inter-beam co-channel interference(CCI). In the cluster area, a non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)-based collaborative beam hopping(NCBH) scheme is proposed to minimize the cell-edge user(CEU) interference. Since there is a difference in channel gain between the CEU and cellcenter user(CCU), this scheme forms a NOMA cluster to perform power domain multiplexing and formulates a NOMA cluster pairing strategy according to the user location to reduce the CCI of the CEU. After NOMA cluster pairing, the optimal carrier frequency of the NOMA cluster is selected by a reinforcement learning algorithm. The simulation results verify the excellent performance of the proposed NCBH scheme regarding the user’s received power, transmission rate, and outage probability.

Satellite Navigation Method Based on High-Speed Frequency Hopping Signal

Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal can be used in satellite navigation,the anti-jamming ability of satellite navigation can be improved.Although a recently proposed timefrequency matrix ranging method(TFMR)can use FH signals to realize pseudorange measurement,it cannot transmit navigation messages using the ranging signal which is crucial for satellite navigation.In this article,we propose dual-tone binary frequency shift keyingbased TFMR(DBFSK-TFMR).DBFSK-TFMR designs an extended time-frequency matrix(ETFM)and its generation algorithm,which can use the frequency differences in different dual-tone signals in ETFM to modulate data and eliminate the negative impact of data modulation on pseudorange measurement.Using ETFM,DBFSK-TFMR not only realizes the navigation message transmission but also ensures the precision and unambiguous measurement range of pseudorange measurement.DBFSK-TFMR can be used as an integrated solution for anti-jamming communication and navigation based on FH signals.Simulation results show that DBFSK-TFMR has almost the same ranging performance as TFMR.

Hopping-Aware Cluster Header Capability for Sensor Relocation in Mobile IoT Networks

Mobile sensor nodes such as hopping sensors are of critical importance in data collection.However,the occurrence of sensing holes is unavoidable due to the energy limitation of the nodes.Thus,it is evident that the relocation of mobile sensors is the most desirable method to recover the sensing holes.The previous research conducted by the authors so far demonstrated the most realistic hopping sensor relocation scheme,which is suitable for the distributed environment.In previous studies,the cluster header plays an essential role in detecting the sensing hole and requesting the neighboring cluster to recover the sensing hole that occurred in the sensor node.However,the limitations of the cluster header in the previously proposed relocation protocol are not fully considered.Because the cluster header jumps more frequently than non-header nodes,its energy con-sumption is relatively high compared to other nodes.Therefore,it is most likely to lead to header node failure and can lead to data loss on the network.In this paper,the jumping ability and energy consumption of the cluster header are seriously considered.Additional ability to replace cluster headers in case of failure is also implemented.Simulation results show that the data collection time can be further increased,which demonstrates the validity of the proposed algorithms.

Topological properties of tetratomic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains with hierarchical long-range hopping

We propose a new generalized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with hierarchical long-range hopping based on a onedimensional tetratomic chain. The properties of the topological states and phase transition, which depend on the cointeraction of the intracell and intercell hoppings, are investigated using the phase diagram of the winding number. It is shown that topological states with large positive/negative winding numbers can readily be generated in this system. The properties of the topological states can be verified by the ring-type structures in the trajectory diagram of the complex plane. The topological phase transition is strongly related to the opening(closure) of an energy bandgap at the center(boundaries) of the Brillouin zone. Finally, the non-zero-energy edge states at the ends of the finite system are revealed and matched with the bulk–boundary correspondence.

Beam Position and Beam Hopping Design for LEO Satellite Communications

The numbers of beam positions(BPs)and time slots for beam hopping(BH)dominate the latency of LEO satellite communications.Aiming at minimizing the number of BPs subject to a predefined requirement on the radius of BP,a low-complexity user density-based BP design scheme is proposed,where the original problem is decomposed into two subproblems,with the first one to find the sparsest user and the second one to determine the corresponding best BP.In particular,for the second subproblem,a user selection and smallest BP radius algorithm is proposed,where the nearby users are sequentially selected until the constraint of the given BP radius is no longer satisfied.These two subproblems are iteratively solved until all the users are selected.To further reduce the BP radius,a duplicated user removal algorithm is proposed to decrease the number of the users covered by two or more BPs.Aiming at minimizing the number of time slots subject to the no co-channel interference(CCI)constraint and the traffic demand constraint,a low-complexity CCI-free BH design scheme is proposed,where the BPs having difficulty in satisfying the constraints are considered to be illuminated in priory.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

基于WBOA的3D-DV-Hop节点定位算法

针对三维(3D)-DV-Hop定位算法未知节点从最近的锚节点获取平均跳距估算距离时定位精度低的问题,提出了一种新的基于WBOA的3D-DV-Hop算法。首先,该算法去除了网络中无法通信和无法定位的节点;然后添加了修正因子,修正平均跳距。接着创建一个用于优化的蝴蝶初始种群,构建目标函数。采用自适应权重来平衡全局搜索与局部搜索的能力,使得算法不易陷入局部最优,加快了算法的收敛精度;最终求得全局最优平均跳距。仿真结果表明:尽管算法的平均运行时间略有增加,但算法的定位精度得到了有效提高。

利用无线电极化特征的跳频网台分选方法

针对现有方法在跳频通信用户“空时频能”域特征相近、跳频参数捷变等条件下,跳频网台分类识别效果不佳的问题,该文提出一种基于无线电极化特征的跳频用户分选方法。该方法将无线电双极化特征引入到跳频侦察,充分利用各用户的交叉极化鉴别度差异,实现了跳频网台精准分选。针对同类用户交叉极化鉴别度参数易受噪声污染的问题,构建了双通道双极化接收系统,抑制了信号噪声,保证了极化特征提取的精度。在此基础上,基于谱聚类思想,完成了极化特征的分类软判决,进一步提升了跳频网台分选效果,实现了跳频信号的精准识别。仿真实验表明,在5 dB信噪比条件下,所提方法可对同步正交和非正交组网方式下的多跳频网台准确识别,识别分类成功率达99%以上,验证了新方法的有效性。

基于自发数据传输的高效双LAN太赫兹无线局域网MAC协议

针对现有的双局域网(LAN)太赫兹无线局域网(Dual-LAN THz WLAN)相关介质访问控制(MAC)协议中存在的某些节点会在多个超帧内重复发送相同的信道时隙请求帧以申请时隙资源以及网络运行的一些时段存在空闲时隙等问题,提出一种基于自发数据传输的高效MAC协议——SDTE-MAC(high-Efficiency MAC protocol based on Spontaneous Data Transmission)。SDTE-MAC通过让各节点都维护一张或多张时间单元链表,使各节点与其余节点在网络运行时间上达到同步,从而获悉各节点应该在信道空闲时隙的什么位置开始发送数据帧,优化了传统的信道时隙分配和信道剩余时隙再分配的流程,提高了网络吞吐量和信道时隙利用率,降低了数据时延,能够进一步提升双LAN太赫兹无线局域网的性能。仿真结果表明,网络饱和时,相较于AHT-MAC(Adaptive High Throughout multi-pan MAC protocol)中的N-CTAP(Normal Channel Time Allocation Period)时段时隙资源分配新机制以及自适应缩短超帧时段机制,SDTE-MAC的MAC层吞吐量提升了9.2%,信道时隙利用率提升了10.9%,数据时延降低了22.2%。

多策略改进MPA在无线传感器网络中的应用

针对无线传感器网络中非测距节点定位算法自身存在算法定位误差较大的缺陷,提出了一种MMPA-3DDV-Hop算法。该算法先利用多通信半径细化节点间的跳数,然后添加了修正因子修正平均跳距,接着采用多策略融合改进MPA算法计算待定位节点位置最优解。多策略改进MPA算法首先利用Singer混沌映射策略对种群进行初始化,克服种群初始化的盲目性。其次,采用t-分布扰动策略来提升算法的全局搜索能力,在增加搜索空间多样性的前提下,达到快速收敛;最后,引入变异策略和小概率策略,将二者相结合来避免该算法陷入局部最优,对改进算法在复杂度、收敛性和稳定性方面进行性能测试,测试结果表明改进后的MPA算法具有较好的收敛性和稳定性。仿真结果表明:相比3DDV-Hop算法、多通信半径算法以及3D-VNDV-Hop算法,MMPA-3DDV-Hop算法的归一化定位误差平均降低了21.3%、13%与5.7%左右,尽管算法的平均运行时间略有增加,但有效提高了算法的定位精度。

密集城市群中基于智能反射面的传输方案

由于低频段资源紧缺,未来移动通信网络将逐渐转移至更高频段,电磁波的自由空间传播损耗、绕射损耗以及穿透损耗较大,容易产生覆盖盲区以及弱覆盖区域。智能反射面(RIS)通过重新配置信号的传播环境以提高网络性能并扩大网络覆盖范围,成为解决密集城市群覆盖问题的新热点。基于有RIS参与的下一代移动通信网络密集城市群布网时的多跳通信模式,对多跳RIS传输方案与提出的一种解码转发(DF)中继辅助多跳RIS传输方案(DF-RIS)进行全面比对。首先,对两种传输方案的传输损耗、能效以及系统容量进行了理论推导及分析。其次,在密集城市群三维环境模型中进行仿真,为改善复杂环境搜索效率降低以及计算量增大的问题提出了一种改进Lazy Theta*算法,并对改进算法与常见路径搜索算法的搜索时间以及搜索路径长度进行仿真对比。使用改进算法选取相同仿真环境下两种传输方案分别所需节点,节点选取中考虑了DF中继位于多跳DF-RIS传输方案中的不同位置。最后在确定节点后对两种传输方案的传输损耗、能效以及系统容量进行仿真分析比较。仿真结果不但验证了改进Lazy Theta*算法的有效性,也说明了RIS反射元件数与两种传输方案性能之间的关系。表明两种传输方案各有其适用性,可根据对性能的实际需求选择合适的传输方案。

高动态跳频信号时钟同步设计与实现

由于跳频信号各跳之间的符号速率和符号数量不一致,特别是低速跳只含少量符号,导致时钟误差提取困难。针对高动态下的跳频信号时钟同步难题,提出基于频偏估计的钟偏反馈调整方法。该方法通过同步序列进行频率估计和钟偏估计,并结合反馈方法调整钟偏和时钟跟踪,实现了高精度时钟同步。仿真结果表明:该方法适应飞行速度7.9 km/s、加速度0.2 km/s2的超高动态,定时同步性能优越,定时精度满足高速跳频信号解调要求,且解调损失小于0.1 dB。

面向无人驾驶车避障的光跳频激光雷达探测目标智能主动跟踪方法

无人驾驶车避障主动跟踪方法在与激光雷达目标融合的过程中,受激光雷达光跳频信号散射作用的影响,信号回波接收精度出现严重偏差,导致避障跟踪稳定性及其精准度均出现不同程度降低,严重威胁无人驾驶车辆行驶安全。为解决此问题,从激光雷达目标跟踪技术入手,首先建立雷达目标跟踪模型,确定优化目标系数;接着对光跳频激光雷达探测信号进行扰动优化,修正扰动偏差数据及其参量;最后通过避障目标的主动跟踪数据对优化数据进行合成,整理收尾数据输出效果。对提出方法进行仿真测试,结果表明其各项性能均符合设计预期设定标准,满足实际应用与推广的相关要求,具有广阔的发展前景。

基于高阶幂的单快拍LDACS系统波达方向估计

L波段数字航空通信系统(L band digital aeronautical communication system,LDACS)是未来航空宽带通信重要的基础设施之一,针对LDACS信号容易受到相邻波道大功率测距仪(distance measuring equipment,DME)信号干扰的问题,提出了联合正交投影干扰抑制与单快拍稀疏分解的波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计方法。通过子空间投影抑制DME干扰,然后使用单快拍数据构建伪协方差矩阵,对伪协方差矩阵求高阶幂,之后进行奇异值分解,并利用约束条件求解稀疏解得到期望信号来向的估计值。所提方法使用高阶伪协方差矩阵降低了噪声影响,仅用单快拍就可以准确估计LDACS信号的入射方向。仿真结果表明,改进单快拍高级幂(improved single snapshot high order power,ISS-HOP)L1-SVD算法的估计精度优于ISS-HOP-MUSIC算法。该方法可以有效抑制DME干扰,提高OFDM接收机性能。